scholarly journals Mechanisms of Melatonin in Obesity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Qingyun Guan ◽  
Zixu Wang ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Yulan Dong ◽  
Yaoxing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Opioidergic System ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Obesity and its complications have become a prominent global public health problem that severely threatens human health. Melatonin, originally known as an effective antioxidant, is an endogenous hormone found throughout the body that serves various physiological functions. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to its unique function in regulating energy metabolism, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism. Accumulating evidence has established the relationship between melatonin and obesity; nevertheless, not all preclinical and clinical evidence indicates the anti-obesity effect of melatonin, which makes it remain to conclude the clinical effect of melatonin in the fight against obesity. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of melatonin in regulating obesity-related symptoms, with emphasis on its underlying mechanisms. The role of melatonin in regulating the lipid profile, adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as the interactions of melatonin with the circadian rhythm, gut microbiota, sleep disorder, as well as the α7nAChR, the opioidergic system, and exosomes, make melatonin a promising agent to open new avenues in the intervention of obesity.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and COVID-19 infection; recent findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e19-e19
Author(s):  
Alireza Pouramini ◽  
Fatemeh Kafi ◽  
Shakiba Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

COVID-19 infection increases the risk of death in patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes or obesity. The exact role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection is unknown and controversial. Furthermore, the exact prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is still unknown but it affects individuals worldwide regardless of ethnicity and age. Herein, we give an overview of vitamin D deficiency as a global public health problem, the role of vitamin D in COVID-19 infection, and the proper approach to treating vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tuberculosis: Clinical Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Qi Xie ◽  
Ziyu Ye ◽  
Yanyun Li ◽  
Zhengping Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the communicable diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, affecting nearly one-third of the world’s population. However, because the pathogenesis of TB is still not fully understood and the development of anti-TB drug is slow, TB remains a global public health problem. In recent years, with the gradual discovery and confirmation of the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), more and more studies, including our team’s research, have shown that MSCs seem to be closely related to the growth status of Mtb and the occurrence and development of TB, which is expected to bring new hope for the clinical treatment of TB. This article reviews the relationship between MSCs and the occurrence and development of TB and the potential application of MSCs in the treatment of TB.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem, Attitudes toward Love, and Sexual Assertiveness among Pregnant Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Nieves Moyano ◽  
Reina Granados ◽  
Christian Andrés Durán ◽  
Carlos Galarza
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sexual Assertiveness ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Adolescence is a stage of growth and development of great relevance. Unplanned teenage pregnancies can be considered a global public health problem due to the high impact on the present and future of these young people, as well as their possible offspring. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-esteem, attitudes toward love, and sexual assertiveness among pregnant and non-pregnant teenagers. We also considered whether their pregnancy was planned or not. The study was conducted with 225 women from Ecuador (34.2% pregnant; Mean age = 16; SD = 1.15). We administered self-reported measures such as the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Love Attitudes Scale, and the Sexual Assertiveness Scale between 2018 and 2019. Self-esteem was higher in adolescents with a planned pregnancy than in those women whose pregnancy was not planned. Pregnant women reported greater acceptance and endorsement of beliefs related to the myth of “soulmate” in comparison to non-pregnant women. Sexual assertiveness related to the negotiation of the use of contraceptive methods was greater in non-pregnant adolescents than in pregnant girls. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of sexual education and prevention in the sex education field. This study shows differences in self-esteem, attitudes toward love, and sexual assertiveness between pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEPSIS PROGRESSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
R. E. Yakubtsevich ◽  
◽  
A. V. Lemesh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Background. Sepsis is a global public health problem and is associated with high mortality rates in all countries. According to recent views, sepsis is defned as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an unregulated response of the host to infection. Objective. To analyze the results of scientifc studies confrming the key role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Material and methods. A qualitative analysis of 34 Russian-language and English-language sources concerning the role of the intestinal microbiota in the onset of sepsis was carried out. Results. It has been established that intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis and its disbalance can trigger the development of sepsis of various etiologies, mainly gram-negative. Conclusions. The analysis of the literature indicates that bacterial translocation can be natural provided that the immune system functions properly. Intestinal microbiota plays one of the leading roles in the development of sepsis. The use of probiotics and transplantation of intestinal microbiota contribute greatly to the treatment and prevention of sepsis in ICU patients.

scholarly journals Chemical Lipid Biomarkers in Children Exposed to Second Hand Smoking

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
Monica Steluta Marc ◽  
Ioana Mihaiela Ciuca ◽  
Lavinia Moleriu ◽  
Stela Iurciuc ◽  
Aniko Maria Manea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Biomarkers ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
Second Hand Smoking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Smoking is a major global public health problem, a trigger for chronic diseases and a significant preventable risk factor of global death. Smoking represents a major cardiovascular risk factor for adults, but the effect of passive smoking in children is not well established. The study evaluated the relationship between serum biomarkers such as lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and passive smoking in children. We noticed that passive smoking creates alterations in HDL-cholesterol which decreased significantly in the presence of passive smoking.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in HBV-Related Infection

PPAR Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Dubuquoy ◽  
Alexandre Louvet ◽  
Antoine Hollebecque ◽  
Philippe Mathurin ◽  
Sébastien Dharancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Transcription And Replication ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Thirty years after its discovery, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) still remains a major global public health problem. Worldwide, two billion subjects have been infected, 350 million have a chronic infection and more than 600 000 die annually of HBV-related liver disease or hepatocellular carcinoma; new infections occur because of the presence of a large reservoir of chronic carriers of the virus. Since a decade several studies describe the interrelations between HBV and nuclear receptors and more particularly the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). After a brief introduction, this review will make a rapid description of HBV incidence and biology. Then a report of the literature on the role of PPARs on viral transcription and replication will be developed. Finally, the role of HBV on PPAR expression and activity will be discussed. Concluding remarks and perspectives will close this review.

The Role of Natural Products in the Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis: a Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqun Wang ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
Yuqin Yao ◽  
Wenya Yin ◽  
Tinghong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Pulmonary fibrosis is an incurable end-stage lung disease and remains a global public health problem. Although there have been some breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, effective intervention...

4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽  
Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Synthesis Mechanism ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Latent Disease ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Chemical Class ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action, medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.

Living with Barren Truths: A Tale of Triumphalism and Tribulations of a Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 097168582110159
Author(s):  
Sital Mohanty ◽  
Subhasis Sahoo ◽  
Pranay Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Science, technology and human values have been the subject of enquiry in the last few years for social scientists and eventually the relationship between science and gender is the subject of an ongoing debate. This is due to the event of globalization which led to the exponential growth of new technologies like assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, one of the most iconic technological innovations of the twentieth century, has become increasingly a normal social fact of life. Since ART invades multiple human discourses—thereby transforming culture, society and politics—it is important what is sociological about ART as well as what is biological. This article argues in commendation of sociology of technology, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not concurrently conceal the historical and continuing role of technology in legitimizing gender discrimination. The article draws the empirical insights from local articulations (i.e., Odisha state in eastern India) for the understandings of motherhood, freedom and choice, reproductive right and rights over the body to which ART has contributed. Sociologically, the article has been supplemented within the broader perspectives of determinism, compatibilism alongside feminism.

scholarly journals Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xin She ◽  
Qing Yang Yu ◽  
Xiao Xiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Cells ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractInterleukins, a group of cytokines participating in inflammation and immune response, are proved to be involved in the formation and development of pulmonary fibrosis. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between interleukins and pulmonary fibrosis from the clinical, animal, as well as cellular levels, and discussed the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Despite the effects of interleukin-targeted treatment on experimental pulmonary fibrosis, clinical applications are lacking and unsatisfactory. We conclude that intervening in one type of interleukins with similar functions in IPF may not be enough to stop the development of fibrosis as it involves a complex network of regulation mechanisms. Intervening interleukins combined with other existing therapy or targeting interleukins affecting multiple cells/with different functions at the same time may be one of the future directions. Furthermore, the intervention time is critical as some interleukins play different roles at different stages. Further elucidation on these aspects would provide new perspectives on both the pathogenesis mechanism, as well as the therapeutic strategy and drug development.

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