scholarly journals A Field Evaluation of the LuciTrap and the Western Australian Trap with Three Different Baits Types for Monitoring Lucilia cuprina and Lucilia sericata in New Zealand

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Paul Brett ◽  
Kevin Lawrence ◽  
Paul Kenyon ◽  
Kristene Gedye ◽  
William Pomroy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Sodium Sulphide ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Sheep Liver ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Western Australian

Flytraps can be used on farms to monitor the populations of primary strike flies (Lucilia cuprina and Lucilia sericata) and, hence, offer a view regarding the incidence of flystrike on sheep. This study aimed to contrast the specificity and effectiveness of the LuciTrap with its combination of three chemical lures (Lucilures) and the Western Australian Trap with three bait types (LuciLure, Sheep liver with 30% sodium sulphide and squid). A mean model and rate model were fitted to the data. The mean model showed no difference (p > 0.05) in the mean weekly catch for L. cuprina between the Western Australian Trap with LuciLures and the Western Australian Trap baited with sheep liver with 30% sodium sulphide (p < 0.05). Whereas, for L. sericata, no difference (p > 0.05) was found between the Western Australian Trap with LuciLures, the Western Australian Trap baited with sheep liver with 30% sodium sulphide and the LuciTrap. The rate model illustrated that the Western Australian Trap with sheep liver with 30% sodium sulphide and LuciTrap did not differ (p > 0.05) for L. cuprina and L. sericata. Combined, these results indicate that New Zealand farmers can use either the LuciTrap or the Western Australian Trap with sheep liver with 30% sodium sulphide to monitor these target species.

scholarly journals On some continuous observations of the rate of dissipation of electric charges in the open air

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (508) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Variable Quantity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atmospheric Conductivity ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sea Coast

During the latter part of 1902 and the early months of 1903 I resolved to take as many observations of the rates of dissipation of positive and negative electric charges as possible, and to continue them over the whole 24 hours of the day, and, when opportunity offered, over longer periods. There appeared to be little information regarding the rate of dispersion during the night hours. At about the same time that these observations were being made, Nilsson was doing similar work at Upsala, and found a noticeable maximum value for atmospheric conductivity at about midnight. The observations were made on the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand, at a station about 20 feet above sea-level and about five miles due west from the sea coast. The apparatus used was Elster and Geitel’s Zerstreuungs- apparat , and the formula of reduction used was that given by them, viz:- E = 1/ t log V 0 /V- n / t ' log V' 0 /V' . In this formula E is proportional to the conductivity of the gas surrounding the instrument—for positive or negative charges, as the case may be. The constant “ n ” = ratio of capacity without cylinder ____________________________________ capacity with cylinder was determined by me to be 0·47, as the instrument was always used, with the protecting cover. The cover was always at one height above the base of the instrument, and was set so as to be as nearly co-axial with the discharging cylinder as could be judged by eye. No attempt was made to determine the actual capacity of the condenser cylinder and protecting cover, which would be a somewhat variable quantity owing- (1) to the differences on different days in attempting to cause the two to be co-axial; (2) to a certain amount of looseness in the fit of the shank of the cylinder on to its hole. The value above given for “ n "is the mean of several deter­minations made with different settings of the cover and cylinder. The individual values of “ n ” varied over about 0.03.

Methane emissions from young and mature dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
H. Clark ◽  
S. Muetzel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean

Daily methane (CH4) emissions (g) and CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) were measured from 10 dairy heifers (<1 year old) and nine rumen-fistulated cows (>6 years old) fed ryegrass (Lolium perenne) chaffage indoors. The CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique in four ~5-day periods beginning in June 2008 and repeated 4, 6 and 7 months later. Respiratory chambers were used in four ~13-day periods beginning in November 2008 and repeated 2, 5 and 6 months later. Third and fourth sulfur hexafluoride tracer periods overlapped with the first and second chamber measurement periods, respectively. Averaged over the four measurement periods the CH4 yields determined using both techniques were similar for heifers and cows. The mean CH4 yield estimated by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique was 25.3 ± 0.52 for heifers and 24.1 ± 0.55 for mature cows, whereas the mean CH4 yield measured in respiratory chambers was 23.7 ± 0.66 for heifers and 23.6 ± 0.66 for mature cows. Averaged over the eight measurements irrespective of technique, CH4 yields for heifers (24.5 ± 0.42) and cows (23.8 ± 0.43) were similar. There was also no difference between CH4 methods for assessing CH4 yield during the overlapping measurement periods. It was concluded that no consistent differences in CH4 yield existed between heifers and mature cows. Therefore, we do not recommend adoption of an age-related emission factor for cattle in the national inventory calculations for New Zealand.

scholarly journals Antibody level of New Zealand children immunized with the triple vaccine DTP (diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis)

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. H Lau
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Immunization Strategy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to measure IgG antibody levels in 2638 New Zealand children who had been immunized with the triple vaccine DTP. The percentage of children immune to diphtheria decreased with age. The percentage of children immune to tetanus varied from 67.1 to 55.0%. The percentage of children with measurable antibody to pertussis increased with age. The mean percentages of children with measurable antibody or immunity to one or more DTP components were 34.2% (with 3 components), 34.4% (2 components), and 78.1% (1 component). It appears the immunization strategy for diphtheria and tetanus is satisfactory for herd immunity in New Zealand children. However, the current pertussis strategy may not be providing adequate immunity to 5-year-olds in this country.

scholarly journals Attenuation of peak ground accelerations in some recent New Zealand earthquakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Dowrick ◽  
S. Sritharan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fault Rupture ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Peak Ground Accelerations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Event Based

The attenuation of peak ground accelerations was studied for eight New Zealand earthquakes which occurred in the period 1987 to 1991. These events were of medium size with moment magnitudes in the range Mw = 5.8 - 6.7, with depth to centroids of the fault rupture ranging from 4 to 60 km. Attenuation of peak ground accelerations was examined for each event, based on the slope distance from the rupture surface to each strong motion data site. The mean regression attenuation curve for each event was compared with those derived by others using data sets from other parts of the world, allowance being made for source mechanism and depth. Excepting the 1988 Te Anau event, the other seven New Zealand events as a set closely match a Japanese model, but give significantly stronger accelerations than those predicted by the models from western USA and Europe.

scholarly journals Pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis muatan lokal pada mata kuliah Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Emil El Faisal ◽  
Sulkipani Sulkipani
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
History Department

This research aimed at (1) developing teaching materials based on local content for Civic Education in University; and (2) describing the potential impact of local content on student consciousness on local culture. It was a developmental research. The subject were student registered in Civic Education Course (Mata Kuliah PKn) at History Department. Pilot project was validated through one to one, small group, and field evaluation. The analyzed result indicates that the developed instrument was valid and has potential impact. Supported data shows that the mean score prior to implementation was 6.86 and after implementation was 7.73. In other words, there was an increasing student achievement before and after its implementation. Accordingly, we suggest that this developed material could be implemented widely.

scholarly journals Effects of urban pollution on UV spectral irradiances

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7149-7188 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. McKenzie ◽  
C. Weinreis ◽  
P. V. Johnston ◽  
B. Liley ◽  
H. Shiona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pristine Site

Abstract. Spectral measurements of UV irradiances at Tokyo are compared with corresponding measurements at a pristine site (Lauder New Zealand) to identify the causes of the reductions in urban UV irradiances, and to quantify their effects. Tropospheric extinctions in Tokyo were found to be up to ~40% greater than at Lauder. Most of these differences can be explained by differences in cloud and aerosols, but ozone differences are also important in the summer. Examining spectral signatures of tropospheric transmission of both sites shows that reductions due to mean NO2 and SO2 amounts are generally small. However, at times the amount of NO2 can be 20 times higher than the mean amount, and on these days it can decrease the UV-A irradiance up to 50%. If SO2 shows comparable day to day variability, it would contribute to significant reductions in UV-B irradiances. The results indicate that at Tokyo, interactions between the larger burden of tropospheric ozone and aerosols also have a significant effect. These results have important implications for our ability to accurately retrieve surface UV irradiances at polluted sites from satellites that use backscattered UV. Supplementary data characterising these boundary layer effects are probably needed.

Calving dates and subsequent intercalving intervals in New Zealand beef herds

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Morris
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTThe calving dates of spring-calving cows in New Zealand Angus and Hereford herds, taken from 350 and 240 herd-years respectively, and the intercalving intervals (CI) of cows in 95 Angus and 73 Hereford herds have been summarized. The relationships of each CI with the calving date which initiated it were also analysed. Results for each breed were analysed taking account of district, herd, year and cow age (in years), a total of 35 890 Angus and 22 397 Hereford records being used. The first-calving date (FCD) was identified for each herd-year, and 0·82 of Angus and 0·75 of Hereford cows were recorded as calving within 60 days of the FCD. On a herd basis, proportionately only 0·27 of Angus and 0·15 of Hereford herds had calving spreads of 80 days or less (defined as the time from the FCD to the last calving date). With barren years ignored, the CIs of cows averaged 370 days (Angus) and 368 days (Hereford). Two-year-old cows had on average a CI of 12 (Angus) or 7 days (Hereford) longer in 1974-75 than older cows, and the differences were both 12 days in 1975-76. Regression analyses showed that, on average, the later the calving date within a herd-year and age group, the shorter the subsequent CI. For cows calving early in the first year, the CI increased by 7 days for Angus and 5·4 days for Herefords for each 10 days before the mean calving date for the breed. There were significant effects of district and cow age on the regression estimates. The overall regressions were not consistent with those derived from British beef industry data.

Abstract 3173: Imaging Findings at the Earliest Stages of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian M Burgos ◽  
Nerses Sanossian ◽  
David Liebeskind ◽  
Leonid Groysman ◽  
Pablo Villablanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Lentiform Nucleus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fazekas Scale

Background: Imaging findings in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients at ultra-early time points have not been well characterized. Objective: To describe imaging findings in consecutive ICH patients being transported by ambulance within 2 hours from symptom onset. Methods: We analyzed consecutive ICH patients enrolled in the multicenter, NIH Field Administration of Stroke Therapy (FAST-MAG) clinical trial. First brain imaging studies obtained in the ED were independently reviewed by 2 neurologists for ICH location, volume, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), heterogeneity (defined as >20 point difference in Hounsfield units), irregular borders, multilobulation, and substantial edema (defined as >0.5cm). Leukoaraiosis was graded using the Fazekas scale for periventricular and deep white matter changes (0-3 for each). Results: Among 127 patients (enrolled en route to 23 hospitals), mean age was 66 (SD 14), 34% were women, 35% had Hispanic ethnicity, 83% were white, and 84% had a history of HTN. At time of first field evaluation by paramedics [mean 31 (SD 23) minutes after last known well time (LKWT)], the initial BP was 177/95 (SD 34/22) and median (IQR) Glasgow Coma Scale of 15 (15-15). First brain imaging studies were obtained a mean of 100 (SD 35, range 54-255) minutes after LKWT, and were CT in 90% and MRI in 10%. Location of ICH was most often in the lentiform nucleus (42%) followed by thalamus (40%), and cortex (4%), with one case each of caudate, pons, and cerebellar deep nuclei. The mean volume of initial hematoma was 19.6 (SD 23) ml. IVH was present in 45 (35%), significant edema in 13 (10%), and midline shift in 24 (19%). Hemorrhage density was heterogeneous in 34 (27%), multilobulated in 55 (43%) and with irregular borders in 77 (60%). Leukoaraiosis (LA) was common, with moderate to severe LA (Fazekas grades 2, 3) present in the periventricular region in 58% and deep regions centrum semiovale in 35%. Conclusions: Among ICH patients presenting within the first 2h, deep hemorrhages predominate over superficial and intraventricular extension is already present in one-third, but ICH volume is moderate and substantial edema present in only one-tenth. These findings suggest substantial opportunities for intervention to avert hemorrhage and edema growth ultra-early after ICH onset.

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