scholarly journals Prey Status Affects Paralysis Investment in the Ponerine Ant Harpegnathos venator

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Lei Nie ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Yiming Chen ◽  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Zhiping Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Level ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Foraging Mode ◽  
Live Prey ◽  
Ponerine Ants ◽  
Behavioral Mechanism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ponerine Ant ◽  
Predatory Insects

The paralysis behavior of some ponerine ants when foraging may be important for food storage and colony development. However, how workers invest in paralysis under different prey circumstances is often overlooked. Here, we report the prey-foraging behavior and paralysis behavior of Harpegnathos venator under different food supply conditions. Solitary hunting was the main foraging mode of H. venator, with occasional simple collective hunting. Nymphal cockroaches with high activity were the most attractive to H. venator. In the experiment, we found that the stings of H. venator completely paralyzed the cockroaches. The stinging time was significantly longer at a higher prey activity level and for larger cockroaches. In addition, there was no significant difference in the stinging time of H. venator for different prey densities. The results showed that the longer similar cockroaches were stung, the longer it took for them to revive and move. These results are helpful for further understanding the behavioral mechanism underlying the food storage of live prey by predatory insects.

Physical Activity Level and Motor Aptitude: Motor Domains and Identification Capacity of Brazilian Insufficiently Active Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Maria Andreis ◽  
Fernando de Aguiar Lemos ◽  
Lorenna Walesca de Lima Silva ◽  
Cassiana Luiza Pistorello Garcia ◽  
Gabrielli Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Body Scheme ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Coordination

Background: A decrease in the physical activity level in old age is common, which results in an increase in the number of falls and chronic conditions. Associated with that occurs the decline in motor skills as a result of the deficit in the interaction of cognitive and motor processes. Physical activity level can be associated differently with each motor domains. Objective: We analyzed the relationship between physical activity level and motor aptitude, and to identify which motor domains were most sensitive to detect insufficiently active level in older adults. Methods: Participated in the study 385 elderly people of both sexes. For the evaluation of the subjects were adopted the International Questionnaire on Physical Activity and the Motor Scale for Older Adults. Results: The majority of the elderly were active. In the comparison of motor aptitude between active and insufficiently active (IAC) elders a significant difference was found in the Global Coordination, Balance, Body Scheme and General Motor Aptitude. From the analysis of the area under the curve (AUC), we verified that these domains also were the ones that presented adequate diagnostic accuracy to identify IAC elderly. Besides that active elderly have presented the General Motor Aptitude classified within normality while the IAC below the normal. Conclusion: Our data suggest that IAC older adults present lower motor aptitude than the active elderly, especially in the domains of Global Coordination, Balance, Body Scheme and General Motor Aptitude, and that these domains were sensitive to indicate IAC older adults.

Quality of Life, Physical Activity Level and Psychological Profile of Nigerians with Serious Mental Illness and Healthy Psychotropic Naive Subjects (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Arinze Okonkwo ◽  
Peter Olarenwaju Ibikunle ◽  
Izuchukwu Nwafor ◽  
Andrew Orovwigho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Apparently Healthy

BACKGROUND Quality of life (QoL), physical activity (PA) level and psychological profile (PF) of patients with serious mental illness have been neglected during patient’s management OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selected psychotropic drugs on the QoL, PA level and PF of patients with serious mental illness METHODS A cross sectional survey involving one hundred and twenty-four subject [62 Serious Mental Illness (SMI) and 62 apparently healthy subjects as control] using purposive and consecutive sampling respectively .Questionnaires for each of the constructs were administered to the participants for data collation. Analysis of the data was done using non parametric inferential statistics of Mann-Whitney U independent test and Spearman’s rho correlation with alpha level set as 0.05. RESULTS Significant difference was recorded in the QoL (p<0.05) of patient with SMI and apparently healthy psychotropic naive participants. There was a significant correlation between the QoL (p<0.05) and PF of participants with SMI. Participants with SMI had significantly lower QoL than apparently healthy psychotropic naive subject. QoL of the healthy psychotropic naive group was better than those of the participants with SMI. Female participants with SMI had higher PA than their male counterparts CONCLUSIONS Psychological profiles of male participants with SMI were lower than male healthy psychotropic naive participants. Clinicians should take precaution to monitor the QoL, PA level and PF because the constructs are relevant in evaluation of treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Level of physical activity in undergraduate students in Peshawar, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. ID20
Author(s):  
Shahid Alam ◽  
Sardar Bakht Khan ◽  
Qamar Wahid Khattak ◽  
Syed Zain Ul Abidin ◽  
Salman Farooqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The University

Background: Physical activity is one of the leading health indicators, considered an essential factor in the population's health and quality of life promotion. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Physical inactivity has been linked with chronic disease and obesity in most populations. This study aims to compare the prevalence of physical activity and overweight/obesity among students of the university. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to September 2019 on undergraduate students from different departments of Peshawar University. A sample of 377 (male n = 243, female n = 134) was taken through convenience sampling. Those individuals who were physically disabled and not willing to participate were excluded from the study. Those meeting the inclusion criteria were given the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ short form). Demographic data included age, weight, and height was self-stated by the participants. The levels of physical activity in each of three domains (leisure, transport, and domestic) were calculated and presented as metabolic equivalent (M.E.T.) hour per week in the form of means, percentage, and frequency in different physical activity domains. Results: The overall sample showed that 13.70% of participants were inactive, 27.76% showed a low level of physical activity, 41.29% showed moderate physical activity level, and 17.24% showed a high level of physical activity. A total of 90.98% of participants were involved in leisure physical activities, 93.10% presented transport-related physical activity, and 74.80% were involved in domestic-related physical activity. Average time spent during sitting was found to be 53.32 hrs/week and 7.61 hrs/ day, with females being more involved in sitting activities as compared to males. A significant difference was found between B.M.I. and sitting domain (p-value 0.002) with a Pearson value of -0.12 showing a negative correlation. Conclusion: The B.M.I. and Physical Activity are found negatively associated with each other. Male students were more physically active than females as females spend their majority of time sitting. It is concluded that students are moderately active, while a minimal percent of students are highly active. There were a few numbers of respondents too who were physically inactive, which shows that there is still unawareness of physical activity on the university level.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Changes in Sports Activity From Pre-diagnosis to First Five Years Post-diagnosis: a Prospective Chinese Breast Cancer Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Lei ◽  
Suzanne C. Ho ◽  
Carol Kwok ◽  
Ashley Cheng ◽  
Ka Li Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
After Cancer

Abstract Background: To compare change in level of physical activitybetween pre-and post- diagnosis of breast cancer in Chinese women.Methods:Based on an on-going prospective study consisting of 1462 Chinese women with early-stage breast cancer, a validated modified Chinese Baecke questionnaire was used to measure physical activity at baseline (12 months before cancer diagnosis), 18-, 36- and 60-months after diagnosis (over the previous 12 months before each interview). Results:The overall physical activity level at post-diagnosis was 5.8 MET-hours/week, which was significantly higher than that at pre-diagnosis at a median level of 0.6 MET-hours/week (P <0.001).The median levels of physical activity at 18-, 36- and 60-months follow-up were5.3, 4.4 and 3.9 MET-hours/week, respectively. There was no significant difference between any two of the three follow-ups at post-diagnosis. The proportions of participant who met WCRF/AICR recommendation before and after cancer diagnosis were both low, being 20.7% and 35.1%, respectively.Compared to pre-diagnosis, most of the patients improved or had no change on level of physical activity at post-diagnosis, with the respective proportion being 48.2% and 43.8%. Conclusions:Adherence to current lifestyle recommendation for cancer survivors, Chinese women with breast cancer significantly increasedlevel of physical activity level after cancer diagnosis, and such improvement was sustained to five years post-diagnosis. The proportion of patients who met the exercise recommendation for cancer survivors was still low. Encouraging patients on the importance of durable high level of physical activity in breast cancer survivorship is warranted.

Abstract 304: The Role of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in Cardiovascular Regulation and Blood Vessel Structure

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu Mai ◽  
Andre' Diedrich ◽  
Pandu Gangula ◽  
Emily Garland ◽  
David Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vessel Structure

Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) is known to be a potent microvascular dilator and hypotensive agent. This peptide and its receptors are distributed widely in both central and peripheral nervous systems. CGRP-containing neural fibers are closely associated with blood vessels in the arterial circulation where its release leads to vascular dilation. However, its role in cardiovascular regulation remains controversial. We studied the hemodynamic and autonomic function, as well as blood vessel structure in CGRP knockout (KO) mice. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and activity level were assessed at least one week after mice were implanted with telemeters. Ten CGRP KO and ten wild type (WT) mice (4-5 month old) were used in this study. After the recording period, 24-hr urine and blood were collected for assessment of catecholamines and their metabolites. To study the baroreflex sensitivity, phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside were administered in an acute study with seven mice from each group. We found no significant difference in 24-hr mean arterial pressure (MAP) (105.0 ± 1.8mmHg, vs. 112.1 ± 3.1mmHg, p= 0.05) between the two groups. There was also no difference in HR (KO: 566.4 ± 12.1; WT: 581.9 ± 8.5, p = 0.31). Norepinephrine was greatly elevated in both plasma and 24-hr urine in KO mice (in urine: KO: 956 ± 91 pg/ml, WT: 618 ± 46pg/ml, p = 0.004; in plasma: KO: 2505 ± 596pg/ml, n=6, WT: 1168 ± 98 pg/ml, p = 0.04). Paradoxically, cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity was higher in the KO mice (KO: 3.2 ± 0.7 ms/mmHg, n=7, WT: 1.4 ± 0.3 ms/mmHg, n=7, p=0.03). Thoracic aortas were collected from both groups to measure vessel stiffness. The diameter at 125 mmHg of the aorta was significantly smaller in CGRP KO mice than in WT (321±30μm, vs. 422±82μm, p<0.01). Therefore, we hypothesize that although CGRP may have a limited contribution to physiological cardiovascular regulation, it may play a significant role in modulating the vagal tone and the structure properties of blood vessels.

Validity of the Use of a Triaxial Accelerometer and a Physical Activity Questionnaire for Estimating Total Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Level among Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: CLEVER-DM Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Yuki Nishida ◽  
Shigeho Tanaka ◽  
Satoshi Nakae ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Katsutaro Morino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Evaluation of total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) is important for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the validity of accelerometers (ACC) and physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) for estimating TEE and PAL remains unknown in elderly populations with T2DM. We evaluated the accuracy of TEE and PAL results estimated by an ACC (TEEACC and PALACC) and a PAQ (TEEPAQ and PALPAQ) in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: Fifty-one elderly patients with T2DM (aged 61–79 years) participated in this study. TEEACC was calculated with PALACC using a triaxial ACC (Active style Pro HJA-750c) over 2 weeks and predicted basal metabolic rate (BMR) by Ganpule’s equation. TEEPAQ was estimated using predicted BMR and the PALPAQ from the ­Japan Public Health Center Study-Long questionnaire. We compared the results to TEEDLW measured with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and PALDLW calculated with BMR using indirect calorimetry. Results: TEEDLW was 2,165 ± 365 kcal/day, and TEEACC was 2,014 ± 339 kcal/day; TEEACC was strongly correlated with TEEDLW (r = 0.87, p < 0.01) but significantly underestimated (–150 ± 183 kcal/day, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in TEEPAQ and TEEDLW (–49 ± 284 kcal/day), while the range of difference seemed to be larger than TEEACC. PALDLW, PALACC, and PALPAQ were calculated to be 1.71 ± 0.17, 1.69 ± 0.16, and 1.78 ± 0.24, respectively. ­PALACC was strongly correlated with PALDLW (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between the 2 values. PALPAQ was moderately correlated with PALDLW (r = 0.43, p < 0.01) but significantly overestimated. Predicted BMR was significantly lower than the BMR ­measured by indirect calorimetry (1,193 ± 186 vs. 1,262 ± 155 kcal/day, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The present ACC and questionnaire showed acceptable correlation of TEE and PAL compared with DLW method in elderly patients with T2DM. Systematic errors in estimating TEE may be improved by the better equation for predicting BMR.

scholarly journals Lazy Sundays: role of day of the week and reactivity on objectively measured physical activity in older people

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Klenk ◽  
◽  
Raphael Simon Peter ◽  
Kilian Rapp ◽  
Dhayana Dallmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Linear Slope ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to assess the effect of day of the week and wearing a device (reactivity) on objectively measured physical activity (PA) in older people. Methods Walking duration as a measure for PA was recorded from 1333 German community-dwelling older people (≥65 years, 43.8% women) over 5 days using accelerometers (activPAL). Least-square means of PA with 95%-confidence intervals (95%-CI) from multi-level analysis were calculated for each day of the week and each measurement day (days after sensor attachment). Results Walking duration on Sundays was significantly lower compared to working days (Sunday vs. Monday-Friday: − 12.8 min (95%-CI: − 14.7; − 10.9)). No statistically significant difference compared to working days was present for Saturdays. The linear slope for measurement day and walking duration was marginal and not statistically significant. Conclusions Studies using PA sensors in older people should assess Sundays and working days to adequately determine the activity level of the participants.

scholarly journals Effect of Psychotropic Medications on Hammertoe Reconstruction Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 247301142094413
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Maidman ◽  
Amalie E. Nash ◽  
Amanda Fantry ◽  
Shay Tenenbaum ◽  
Yahya Daoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Before And After

Background: Hammertoe deformities can seriously affect activity level and footwear. The use of prescription, mood-altering medications is very common, with some estimates as high as 25% of the population. Mood disorders, especially depression, negatively affect the results of medical and operative treatments. This study assessed the relationship of mood-altering medication use with the outcomes and complications of operative reconstruction of hammertoes. Methods: Data were prospectively collected from 116 patients who underwent hammertoe reconstruction, including demographic information, medical history, the use of mood-altering psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and mood stabilizers), and postoperative complications. Preoperative patient-reported outcomes were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), which were repeated at 1-year follow-up. Results: A total of 36.2% of patients were taking psychotropic medications. Medication and nonmedication groups had similar pain VAS and SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores before and after surgery. Compared with nonmedication patients, patients on psychotropic medications had significantly lower SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores preoperatively ( P = .001) and postoperatively ( P = .006), but no significant difference in the change in MCS (ΔMCS) from preoperative to postoperative. Psychotropic medication use was associated with superficial wound infections ( P = .048), but not other complications. Conclusions: Patients taking psychotropic medications were equally likely to benefit from forefoot reconstruction as nonmedication patients. Preoperative and postoperative PCS and VAS were not significantly different between medication and nonmedication groups. Although the medication group had lower absolute MCS, they reported the same magnitude of improvement in MCS (ΔMCS) as the nonmedication group. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.

scholarly journals The Activity of Surface Electromyographic Signal of Selected Muscles during Classic Rehabilitation Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhuang Xiao ◽  
Jinli Sun ◽  
Junmin Gao ◽  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Xincai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercises

Objectives. Prone bridge, unilateral bridge, supine bridge, and bird-dog are classic rehabilitation exercises, which have been advocated as effective ways to improve core stability among healthy individuals and patients with low back pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of seven selected muscles during rehabilitation exercises through the signal of surface electromyographic. Approaches. We measured the surface electromyographic signals of four lower limb muscles, two abdominal muscles, and one back muscle during rehabilitation exercises of 30 healthy students and then analyzed its activity level using the median frequency method. Results. Different levels of muscle activity during the four rehabilitation exercises were observed. The prone bridge and unilateral bridge caused the greatest muscle fatigue; however, the supine bridge generated the lowest muscle activity. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between left and right body side muscles in the median frequency slope during the four rehabilitation exercises of seven muscles. Conclusions. The prone bridge can affect the low back and lower limb muscles of most people. The unilateral bridge was found to stimulate muscles much more active than the supine bridge. The bird-dog does not cause much fatigue to muscles but can make most selected muscles active.

scholarly journals Factors for Lower Walking Speed in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Alberto Calazans Nogueira ◽  
Luciano Teixeira dos Santos ◽  
Pollyane Galinari Sabino ◽  
Regina Maria Papais Alvarenga ◽  
Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to lower walking speed in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. The study participants were 120 consecutive PwMS, who were able to walk, even with device assistance. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Walking speed was measured in 10 m walk test. Possible factors were assessed: disability, fatigue, visual functioning, balance confidence, physical activity level, walking impact, cognitive interference, and motor planning. A forward linear multiple regression analysis examined the correlation with lower speed.Results. Lower walking speed was observed in 85% of the patients. Fatigue (41%), recurrent falls (30%), and balance problems were also present, even with mild disability (averageEDSS=2.68). A good level of physical activity was noted in most of the subjects. Dual-task procedure revealed 11.58% of walking speed reduction. Many participants (69.57%) imagined greater walking speed than motor execution (mean ≥ 28.42%). Physical activity level was the only characteristic that demonstrated no significant difference between the groups (lower versus normal walking speed). Many mobility measures were correlated with walking speed; however, disability, balance confidence, and motor planning were the most significant.Conclusions. Disability, balance confidence, and motor planning were correlated with lower walking speed.

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