scholarly journals Early Diagnostics and Early Intervention in Neurodevelopmental Disorders—Age-Dependent Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Mijna Hadders-Algra
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

This review discusses early diagnostics and early intervention in developmental disorders in the light of brain development. The best instruments for early detection of cerebral palsy (CP) with or without intellectual disability are neonatal magnetic resonance imaging, general movements assessment at 2–4 months and from 2–4 months onwards, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment. Early detection of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is difficult; its first signs emerge at the end of the first year. Prediction with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and Infant Toddler Checklist is possible to some extent and improves during the second year, especially in children at familial risk of ASD. Thus, prediction improves substantially when transient brain structures have been replaced by permanent circuitries. At around 3 months the cortical subplate has dissolved in primary motor and sensory cortices; around 12 months the cortical subplate in prefrontal and parieto-temporal cortices and cerebellar external granular layer have disappeared. This review stresses that families are pivotal in early intervention. It summarizes evidence on the effectiveness of early intervention in medically fragile neonates, infants at low to moderate risk, infants with or at high risk of CP and with or at high risk of ASD.

scholarly journals LA ACTUACION SANITARIA EN ATENCIÓN TEMPRANA PARA PERSONAS CON TRASTORNO DE ESPECTRO AUTISTA (TEA): UNA EXPERIENCIA EN ANDALUCÍA

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Mª Araceli Sánchez Raya
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Theoretical Interest ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract.It is undeniable the importance of early detection in all developmental disorders, in children with ASD as well, for an early intervention in children and their families. An early intervention is a very important predictor in their functional recovery. That, put together with the growing incidence and prevalence of this kind of disorders, makes of our study field a matter of an increasing scientific and theoretical interest. In the current paper we deal with earlydetection, evaluation and intervention in children between 0 and 6 years with autism spectrum disorders in andalusian health care system.Resumen.Es innegable la importancia que tiene la detección precoz de cualquier trastorno del desarrollo –y por ende del TEA- para la intervención temprana con los menores y sus familias. Una intervención temprana constituye un importante predictor en la recuperación funcional de estos menores, y esto unido a la creciente incidencia y prevalencia de estos trastornos, hace de nuestro objeto de estudio un tema creciente de gran interés científico y teórico. En la presente comunicación abordamos el circuito de detección, evaluación e intervención temprana en niñas y niños de 0 a 6 años con trastorno del espectro autista en la sanidad andaluza.

The Performance of the First Year Inventory (FYI) Screening on a Sample of High-Risk 12-Month-Olds Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 36 Months

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 4957-4973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Y. Lee ◽  
Cheryl Vigen ◽  
Lonnie Zwaigenbaum ◽  
Susan Bryson ◽  
Isabel Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
First Year

scholarly journals Development of attention from birth to 5 months in infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Bradshaw ◽  
Ami Klin ◽  
Lindsey Evans ◽  
Cheryl Klaiman ◽  
Celine Saulnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

AbstractSocial-communication skills emerge within the context of rich social interactions, facilitated by an infant's capacity to attend to people and objects in the environment. Disruption in this early neurobehavioral process may decrease the frequency and quality of social interactions and learning opportunities, potentially leading to downstream deleterious effects on social development. This study examined early attention in infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who are at risk for social and communication delays. Visual and auditory attention was mapped from age 1 week to 5 months in infants at familial risk for ASD (high risk; N = 41) and low-risk typically developing infants (low risk; N = 39). At 12 months, a subset of participants (N = 40) was administered assessments of social communication and nonverbal cognitive skills. Results revealed that high-risk infants performed lower on attention tasks at 2 and 3 months of age compared to low-risk infants. A significant association between overall attention at 3 months and developmental outcome at 12 months was observed for both groups. These results provide evidence for early vulnerabilities in visual attention for infants at risk for ASD during a period of important neurodevelopmental transition (between 2 and 3 months) when attention has significant implications for social communication and cognitive development.

scholarly journals Use of Empirical Mode Decomposition in ERP Analysis to Classify Familial Risk and Diagnostic Outcomes for Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Lina Abou-Abbas ◽  
Stefon van Noordt ◽  
James A. Desjardins ◽  
Mike Cichonski ◽  
Mayada Elsabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Mode Decomposition

Event-related potentials (ERPs) activated by faces and gaze processing are found in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the early stages of their development and may serve as a putative biomarker to supplement behavioral diagnosis. We present a novel approach to the classification of visual ERPs collected from 6-month-old infants using intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) derived from empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Selected features were used as inputs to two machine learning methods (support vector machines and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN)) using nested cross validation. Different runs were executed for the modelling and classification of the participants in the control and high-risk (HR) groups and the classification of diagnosis outcome within the high-risk group: HR-ASD and HR-noASD. The highest accuracy in the classification of familial risk was 88.44%, achieved using a support vector machine (SVM). A maximum accuracy of 74.00% for classifying infants at risk who go on to develop ASD vs. those who do not was achieved through k-NN. IMF-based extracted features were highly effective in classifying infants by risk status, but less effective by diagnostic outcome. Advanced signal analysis of ERPs integrated with machine learning may be considered a first step toward the development of an early biomarker for ASD.

scholarly journals Developing a Comprehensive Evidence-Based Service Package for Toddlers with Autism in a Low Resource Setting: Early Detection, Early Intervention, and Care Coordination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Zarafshan ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Farid Abolhassani ◽  
Seyed Abbas Motevalian ◽  
Vandad Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Care Coordination ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Resource Setting

Objective: The number of children with autism, who have many unmet needs, is increasing dramatically. However, the existing evidence shows that early identification and intervention are effective in reducing the later costs and burdens of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, the present study aimed to develop evidence-based services for children with autism in Iran to reduce its impacts on the affected children and their families and to decrease its burden on the society. Method: A 3-step study was conducted based on a modification of the Replicating Effective Programs (REP) framework (step 1: need assessment and situation analysis; step 2: identifying current evidence-based services; step 3: designing the first draft of the package and its core elements). Each step was conducted by a specific methodology. Results: By considering the obtained data, it was found that a package of services with 4 core components to respond to the perceived needs in Iran was needed: (1) early detection of at-risk children; (2) care coordination and facilitation of access to current services; (3) implementation of an evidence-based early intervention program; and (4) training interventionists using an effective educational framework based on evidence-based material. Conclusion: REP framework was used in the present study, which has been shown to be effective in adapting and implementing health care services. By considering the preconditions of REP, a comprehensive package of services, with 4 components was designed for toddlers with autism in Iran. The next step will be to study this package using a multicenter hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized control trial.

scholarly journals Difference in Visual Social Predispositions Between Newborns at Low- and High-risk for Autism

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Di Giorgio ◽  
◽  
Elisa Frasnelli ◽  
Orsola Rosa Salva ◽  
Maria Luisa Scattoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Visual Preferences ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
First Time

Abstract Some key behavioural traits of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have been hypothesized to be due to impairments in the early activation of subcortical orienting mechanisms, which in typical development bias newborns to orient to relevant social visual stimuli. A challenge to testing this hypothesis is that autism is usually not diagnosed until a child is at least 3 years old. Here, we circumvented this difficulty by studying for the very first time, the predispositions to pay attention to social stimuli in newborns with a high familial risk of autism. Results showed that visual preferences to social stimuli strikingly differed between high-risk and low-risk newborns. Significant predictors for high-risk newborns were obtained and an accurate biomarker was identified. The results revealed early behavioural characteristics of newborns with familial risk for ASD, allowing for a prospective approach to the emergence of autism in early infancy.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental outcome of high risk newborns discharged from special care baby units in a rural district in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita Chattopadhyay ◽  
Kaninika Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Developmental Screening ◽  
Perinatal Factors

<em>Background</em>. High risk newborns are most vulnerable to develop neuro-developmental delay (NDD). Early detection of delay in this group and identification of associated perinatal factors and their prevention can prevent disability in later life. <br /><em>Design and methods.</em> Observational cohort study. Field based tracking and neuro-developmental screening of high risk newborns discharged between January 2010 to June 2012 from a district Hospital in India was conducted by a team of developmental specialists, using standardized tools like Denver Developmental Screening Tool II, Trivandrum Developmental Screening Chart and Amiel-Tison method of tone assessment. Associated perinatal factors were identified. Early intervention was initiated on those detected with NDD. <br /><em>Results</em>. Developmental delay was detected in 31.6% of study population. Prevalence of NDD was significantly higher in low birth weight (LBW, &gt;2 kg), preterm (&lt;36 weeks) and twins. Neonatal sepsis/meningitis and convulsions also showed significant association with NDD. Of the 134 with developmental delay, 61 were preterm, 80 LBW, with h/o sepsis in 52, convulsion in 14, birth asphyxia in 39 and jaundice in 14 neonates. <br /><em>Conclusions</em>. Incidence of NDD among high risk newborns is significantly high with LBW, prematurity and neonatal illnesses are major contributors. Most NDDs go undetected in the early years of life. Improved perinatal care, early detection and early intervention at the grass root level will bring down incidence of developmental challenges in this vulnerable group.

Approaches of Early Detection of Autism Spectrum Disorders

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Elpis Papaefstathiou
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Due to the heterogeneity of ASD population, many difficulties emerge when it comes to diagnosis of the disorder and even more difficulties regarding early detection. Specifically, early detection enables diagnosis to be made before the span of 24-30 months, the age where the official diagnosis is usually made. As it is known, earlier diagnosis is very crucial as children with ASD can benefit more from programs of early intervention. Taking all these into account, a brief review of the most popular approaches for early detection of ASD would be elaborated in order to raise awareness to health care professionals, clinicians, and parents. Moreover, in this chapter, the pros and the cons of each approach would be elaborated, and in the final part, some recommendations would be made concerning the process of early detection.

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