scholarly journals Autoimmune Brainstem Encephalitis: An Illustrative Case and a Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2970
Author(s):  
Romy Zoghaib ◽  
Ali Sreij ◽  
Nancy Maalouf ◽  
Joumana Freiha ◽  
Raghid Kikano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Brainstem Encephalitis ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

Autoimmune brainstem encephalitis (BSE) is a rare neurological condition with a wide range of underlying etiologies. It can be subdivided into two broad groups: a primary inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) or a brainstem disorder secondary to systemic diseases where the CNS is only one of many affected organs. Symptoms range from mild to life-threatening manifestations. Most cases respond well to immunotherapy. Therefore, broad and in-depth knowledge of the various inflammatory disorders that target the brainstem is essential for guiding the diagnostic approach and assisting in early initiation of appropriate therapy. We herein report on a case of BSE and provide an overview of the various causes of autoimmune BSE with an emphasis on the clinical manifestations and diagnostic approach.

scholarly journals Dengue infection in mice inoculated by the intracerebral route: neuropathological effects and identification of target cells for virus replication

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. S. Amorim ◽  
A. S. Azevedo ◽  
S. M. Costa ◽  
G. F. Trindade ◽  
C. A. Basílio-de-Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Pia Mater ◽  
Neurological Morbidity ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDengue is an important arboviral infection, causing a broad range symptom that varies from life-threatening mild illness to severe clinical manifestations. Recent studies reported the impairment of the central nervous system (CNS) after dengue infection, a characteristic previously considered as atypical and underreported. However, little is known about the neuropathology associated to dengue. Since animal models are important tools for helping to understand the dengue pathogenesis, including neurological damages, the aim of this work was to investigate the effects of intracerebral inoculation of a neuroadapted dengue serotype 2 virus (DENV2) in immunocompetent BALB/c mice, mimicking some aspects of the viral encephalitis. Mice presented neurological morbidity after the 7th day post infection. At the same time, histopathological analysis revealed that DENV2 led to damages in the CNS, such as hemorrhage, reactive gliosis, hyperplastic and hypertrophied microglia, astrocyte proliferation, Purkinje neurons retraction and cellular infiltration around vessels in the pia mater and in neuropil. Viral tropism and replication were detected in resident cells of the brain and cerebellum, such as neurons, astrocyte, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Results suggest that this classical mice model might be useful for analyzing the neurotropic effect of DENV with similarities to what occurs in human.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Cause of Renal Dysplasia?

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Chan ◽  
Jonathan L. Hecht ◽  
Theonia Boyd ◽  
Seymour Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Multicystic Dysplasia

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the most frequently encountered viral infections of the fetus and induces a wide range of histologic and clinical manifestations. Congenital abnormalities are typically restricted to the central nervous system despite evidence of CMV inclusions occurring in most epithelial cells. Although tissue injury and even glomerulonephritis have been observed in congenital CMV infections, renal multicystic dysplasia has not been reported. Herein, we describe a case of unilateral renal dysplasia in a 19-week fetus with concurrent CMV infection. We believe the present case to be the first description of a virus apparently inducing renal multicystic dysplasia.

scholarly journals Ankle edema after administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kontoangelos ◽  
Marina Ecomomou ◽  
Charalambos Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

Clinical manifestations of drug-induced skin reactions include a wide range of symptoms, from mild drug-induced exanthemas to dangerous and life-threatening generalized systematic reactions. Drug-induced skin reactions to psychotropic medication are usually associated with antiepileptic drugs. However, a significant role can be assigned to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We report a case of a female patient, who after approximately one month therapy with escitalopram developed a bilateral ankle edema, which resolved completely within the first week following its discontinuation. Although serious complications are rare, clinicians should be aware of severe skin complications in patients treated with antidepressants, which necessitate careful clinical monitoring and management. Individualization of pharmacotherapy is crucial, together with regular evaluation of safety and tolerance of the treatment.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of neuropathogenesis and neurological manifestations of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
L.A. Dziak ◽  
O.S. Tsurkalenko ◽  
K.V. Chekha ◽  
V.M. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Coronavirus infection is a systemic pathology resulting in impairment of the nervous system. The involvement of the central nervous system in COVID-19 is diverse by clinical manifestations and main mechanisms. The mechanisms of interrelations between SARS-CoV-2 and the nervous system include a direct virus-induced lesion of the central nervous system, inflammatory-mediated impairment, thrombus burden, and impairment caused by hypoxia and homeostasis. Due to the multi-factor mechanisms (viral, immune, hypoxic, hypercoagulation), the SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause a wide range of neurological disorders involving both the central and peripheral nervous system and end organs. Dizziness, headache, altered level of consciousness, acute cerebrovascular diseases, hypogeusia, hyposmia, peripheral neuropathies, sleep disorders, delirium, neuralgia, myalgia are the most common signs. The structural and functional changes in various organs and systems and many neurological symptoms are determined to persist after COVID-19. Regardless of the numerous clinical reports about the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 as before it is difficult to determine if they are associated with the direct or indirect impact of viral infection or they are secondary to hypoxia, sepsis, cytokine reaction, and multiple organ failure. Penetrated the brain, COVID-19 can impact the other organs and systems and the body in general. Given the mechanisms of impairment, the survivors after COVID-19 with the infection penetrated the brain are more susceptible to more serious diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, cognitive decline, multiple sclerosis, and other autoimmune diseases. Given the multi-factor pathogenesis of COVID-19 resulting in long-term persistence of the clinical symptoms due to impaired neuroplasticity and neurogenesis followed by cholinergic deficiency, the usage of Neuroxon® 1000 mg a day with twice-day dosing for 30 days. Also, a long-term follow-up and control over the COVID-19 patients are recommended for the prophylaxis, timely determination, and correction of long-term complications.

scholarly journals Computed tomography angiography findings of abdominal aortic disease: A review of emergencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
Mirela Jukovic ◽  
Aleksandra Mijatovic ◽  
Ivana Stojic ◽  
Ljiljana Drazetin ◽  
Maja Stankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

Introduction. The aorta is a major blood vessel that supplies all segments of the human body. Acute aortic syndrome is a term that implies a life-threatening aortic disease. Due to the speed of examination and widespread availability, computed tomography angiography is a front-line diagnostic modality for emergencies and diseases of the abdominal aorta. The aim of this study was to provide a wide range of potentially life-threatening abnormalities of the abdominal aorta in daily clinical and radiological practice through a series of computed tomography angiography images and three-dimensional virtual reconstruction. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is defined as a 50% increase in diameter more than the normal arterial diameter. One of the most important complications of an aneurysm is a rupture that can be acute or chronic, presenting with various clinical manifestations. Aortic dissections are caused by abnormality of the tunica media layer, forming an intimal-medial flap and two types of lumen. A penetrating aortic ulcer may erode through the internal elastic lamina of the aortic wall and allow formation of hematoma within the tunica media. Occlusive disease of the abdominal aorta may refer to the late stage of chronic aortoiliac occlusive disease, whereas the acute and/or subacute form occurs due to sudden thrombosis or occlusion. Conclusion. The recognition of specific radiological signs of abdominal aortic disease using computed tomography angiography contributes to optimal treatment of patients and reduces mortality.

scholarly journals Devils and Angels: Ozonetherapy for microcirculation in covid-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tommaso Ranaldi ◽  
Emanuele Rocco Villani ◽  
Laura Franza ◽  
Giulia Motola
Keyword(s):  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severe Respiratory Failure ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Medical Ozone ◽  
Infusion Technique

COVID-19 is the respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by clinical manifestations ranging from mild, flu-like symptoms, to severe respiratory failure and multi-organ failure. Patients with more severe symptoms may require intensive care treatments and have a high risk of mortality. COVID 19 is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response similar to a cytokine storm, which is associated with endothelial dysfunction and microvascular complications. To date, no specific treatments are available for COVID-19 and its potentially life-threatening complications.Ozone therapy is the administration of a mixture of ozone and oxygen, or Medical Ozone (MO), which produces a series of benefits capable of counteracting a wide range of pathologies, in use for over a century as an unconventional medicine practice.The use of Ozone therapy with the large auto-hemo-infusion technique could help oxygenate the tissues better, decrease lung inflammation and regulate the immune response, help slow down viral growth, regulate lung circulation and avoid or slow down vascular hypertrophy and consequent hyperemia, especially in the early stages

scholarly journals ECMO Rescues Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure Related to GPA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjun Wan ◽  
Wenzhe Yang ◽  
Xinhua Ma ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Pinhua Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a subtype of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with a wide range of clinical symptoms related to the systemic involvement of small blood vessels. The respiratory system is one of the most frequently involved, and life-threatening acute respiratory failure could occur due to diffusive alveolar hemorrhage and tracheal stenosis. When maximum mechanical ventilation is unable to maintain oxygenation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) should be considered as the final respiratory supportive method, if available. Here we present a 32-year-old male patient with acute respiratory failure (ARF) related to GPA, who was rescued by winning time for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Additionally, we reviewed more than 60 GPA-related ARF cases on multiple online databases, summarized the clinical manifestations of these patients, and concluded that ECMO plays an important role in further respiratory support for ARF patients with GPA and assists in accurate and timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, thus helping them recuperate.

scholarly journals Problem based review: The patient with recent onset Polyarthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Ernest Suresh ◽  
◽  
Preetha Venugopalan Menon ◽  
May Zin Myint ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acute Polyarthritis

A wide variety of conditions can present as acute polyarthritis, ranging from those that are potentially life threatening, to those that are self-limiting, and those that represent the early stages of a persistent and potentially destructive form of arthritis. In this article, we describe the diagnostic approach and initial management of patients with recent onset polyarthritis, with the aid of an illustrative case vignette.

scholarly journals Mucocutaneous Involvement in Behçet’s Disease: How Systemic Treatment Has Changed in the Last Decades and Future Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Rotondo ◽  
Giuseppe Lopalco ◽  
Florenzo Iannone ◽  
Antonio Vitale ◽  
Rosaria Talarico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behçet’S Disease ◽  
Behcet’S Disease ◽  
Behçet's Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Behcet's Disease ◽  
Current State ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by the “triple symptom complex” consisting of recurrent oral aphthosis, genital ulcers, and chronic relapsing bilateral uveitis. Recurrent mucocutaneous lesions are generally considered the hallmark of the disease, being the most common symptoms presenting at the onset of disease. Although the improvement of knowledge about the pathogenetic mechanism added important changes in the treatment management of BD clinical manifestations, thus avoiding the appearance of serious life-threatening complications which are disease related, the mucocutaneous lesions are still the most nagging clinical manifestations to be treated. In this work we reviewed the current state of knowledge regarding the therapeutic approaches for mucocutaneous lesions of BD mainly based on controlled studies to provide a rational framework for selecting the appropriate therapy for treating these troublesome features of the disease.

Neuro-psychological features of non-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease // Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research No.1(5), 2019/ Chief Editor Thomas Fisher /OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Basel, Switzerland. 24.03.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2018. - PP.24-28.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomiia Bandrivska
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Psychological Features

Parkinson's disease (PD) - is a chronic progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system, the main clinical manifestations of which are hypokinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, postural disorders, which as the disease progresses grow and eventually lead to immobility of patients [Stok V. N., Fedorova N.V., 1997, Jahno N.N., 1995]. Modern anti parkinson therapy is mainly symptomatic and, apparently, does not affect the current degeneration process. Therefore, even with the optimal treatment today, disability of the patient is inevitable in the future. In addition to classical motor disorders, the cause of disability can be a wide range of non-motor disorders (mental , vegetative , sensory).

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