scholarly journals Parameters of Glucose Homeostasis in the Recognition of the Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5635
Author(s):  
Graziano Grugni ◽  
Antonio Fanolla ◽  
Fiorenzo Lupi ◽  
Silvia Longhi ◽  
Antonella Saezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Age Related

To verify the accuracy of different indices of glucose homeostasis in recognizing the metabolic syndrome in a group of adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), 102 PWS patients (53 females/49 males), age ±SD 26.9 ± 7.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI) 35.7 ± 10.7, were studied. The following indices were assessed in each subject during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 1 h (>155 mg/dL) and 2 h (140–199 mg/dL) glucose levels, the oral disposition index (ODI), the insulinogenic index (IGI), the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated at baseline, 1 h and 2 h. Although minor differences among indices were found, according to the ROC analysis, no index performed better in recognizing MetS. Furthermore, the diagnostic threshold levels changed over the years and therefore the age-related thresholds were calculated. The easily calculated HOMA-IR at baseline may be used to accurately diagnose MetS, thus avoiding more complicated procedures.

scholarly journals SIALIC ACID AS A PREDICTOR OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-280
Author(s):  
M. USMAN KHURSHID ◽  
IBRAHIM US
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Inflammatory markers predict type 2 diabetes. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM) predicts type 2 diabetes. Objective: To examine the association of inflammatory markers with GDM, weinvestigated total sialic acid (TSA) in women with and without previous GDM.Design & methods:All women with GDMand a random sample of women from diabetic center of SirGanga Ram Hospital, Lahore were taken after an interview,an oral glucose tolerance test and anthropometry were performed. A total of 46 women with and 50 women withoutprevious GDM completed the protocol. Results: Mean TSA was significantly higher in women with (71.8±11.1 mg/dl)than without (67.5±9.8 mg/dl) previous GDM (P< 0.05). In a linear regression model, TSA was 4 mg/dl (P< 0.05) higherin women with previous GDM, after adjustment for BMI and fasting insulin sensitivity. In a similar model, current 2-hplasma glucose levels were associated with higher TSA levels after adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio and the log oftriglycerides. TSA was strongly correlated with individual components and aggregates (r = 0.55, P< 0.001) of themetabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Increased TSA levels are associated with previous GDM and are strongly linkedto the metabolic syndrome. These findings in young women suggest that a chronic mild systemic inflammatory responseis an early feature of the metabolic syndrome and that GDM may be a window for its investigation.

scholarly journals Association of postprandial and fasting triglycerides with traits of the metabolic syndrome in the Metabolic Intervention Cohort Kiel

2010 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rubin ◽  
Ulf Helwig ◽  
Michael Nothnagel ◽  
Ulrich R Fölsch ◽  
Stefan Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Design And Methods

ObjectivePostprandial (pp) lipid metabolism is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In young men, pp triglycerides (TGs) are more strongly associated with traits of metabolic syndrome (MS) than fasting TGs. We established a cohort of middle-aged men selected for traits of MS and pp lipid metabolism to determine if fasting TGs or pp TGs are more closely related to MS.Research design and methodsA total of 1558 men were characterized for MS. A total of 755 men underwent an oral metabolic tolerance test consisting of a standardized high-fat meal and an oral glucose tolerance test. Blood samples were drawn in the fasting state and hourly until 9 h to determine pp TGs and free fatty acids. Glucose and insulin were analyzed until 5 h pp.ResultsIn the overall cohort, 329 subjects (21.1%) had a complete MS based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and 650 subjects (41.7%) had a complete MS based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The association of pp TGs with MS parameters was not stronger than the association of fasting TGs with them. Pp TGs were independently associated with β-cell function.ConclusionsPp TGs did not show a higher correlation with MS traits than fasting TGs. This finding is probably due to the high incidence of overweight subjects in this middle-aged cohort.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE 1-HOUR ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST AND THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN A HIGH-RISK SAMPLE WITH IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Lizarzaburu-Robles ◽  
Lizardo Torres-Aparcana ◽  
Raúl Mansilla ◽  
José Valera ◽  
Gabriela Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Levels

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (≥155 mg/dL) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample with previous impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods: Three hundred and twenty four Peruvian subjects with a history of IFG ≥100 mg/dL were selected for a cross-sectional study. They underwent a 75 g OGTT and were assigned to different groups according to the result. We evaluated the association between 1-hour OGTT and MS. Results: The mean age was 56.5 ± 12.6 years and 191 (61.5%) were female. During the OGTT, we found 28 (8.6%) subjects with diabetes, 74 (22.8%) with IGT, and 222 (68.5%) with a normal glucose tolerance test with a 2-hour glucose <140 mg/dL (NGT). In the NGT group, 124 (38.3%) had 1-hour glucose levels <155 mg/dL, while 98 (30.2%) had 1-hour glucose levels ≥155 mg/dL. Evaluating the association between the 1-hour value in the OGTT and MS, we found that subjects with a 1-hour glucose ≥155 mg/dL were more than twice as likely to have MS as those with a 1-hour glucose <155 mg/dL (odds ratio = 2.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.52 to 4.57). In addition, body mass index, fasting glycemia, triglycerides, and waist circumferences were significantly higher in subjects with 1-hour glucose levels ≥155 mg/dL compared to those with 1-hour glucose levels <155 mg/dL ( P<.05). Conclusion: Among subjects with IFG, performing an OGTT was helpful to identify subjects with 1-hour glucose levels ≥155 mg/dL and NGT who were significantly more likely to have MS and a worse cardiometabolic risk profile. Abbreviations: AST = aspartate aminotransferase; BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; IFG = impaired fasting glucose; IGT = impaired glucose tolerance; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; MS = metabolic syndrome; NGT = normal glucose tolerance; OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test; OR = odds ratio; T2DM = type 2 diabetes; TG = triglycerides

scholarly journals Postprandial plasma adiponectin decreases after glucose and high fat meal and is independently associated with postprandial triacylglycerols but not with − 11388 promoter polymorphism

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rubin ◽  
Ulf Helwig ◽  
Michael Nothnagel ◽  
Nina Lemke ◽  
Stefan Schreiber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Promoter Polymorphism ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Adiponectin Concentration ◽  
Postprandial Insulin

Adiponectin is discussed to regulate energy balance and insulin sensitivity. Several studies indicated an association of fasting adiponectin with parameters of the metabolic syndrome. We investigated postprandial adiponectin release and its relation to traits of the metabolic syndrome. Serum adiponectin concentration after an oral glucose tolerance test and after ingestion of a standardised mixed, fat-containing meal in 110 male non-diabetic subjects was assessed. Fasting and postprandial adiponectin and the decrease of adiponectin were correlated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Subjects were genotyped for adiponectin − 11 388 G/A promoter single nucleotide polymorphism. Adiponectin slightly decreased after both test meals. A significant decrease was attained 5 and 6 h after the lipid load and 2 h after the glucose load. Particularly, the mixed meal postprandial adiponectin showed stronger correlations with most traits of the metabolic syndrome than fasting adiponectin: postprandial adiponectin with HDL (r 0·30) v. fasting adiponectin with HDL (r 0·23); with postprandial insulin (area under the curve): r − 0·20 v. r − 0·16; with fasting insulin: r 0·10 v. r 0·14; with BMI: r − 0·23 v. r − 0·20; with waist: r − 0·18 v. − 0·16; with systolic blood pressure: r − 0·14 v. r − 0·12; with diastolic blood pressure: r − 0·18 v. r − 0·15. In multivariate analysis, postprandial TAG were the only independent predictor of adiponectin. There was no significant association of adiponectin, NEFA and TAG with − 11 388 G/A adiponectin promoter polymorphism. Our findings favour the interpretation that postprandial adiponectin has the strongest and independent associations to postprandial TAG metabolism.

scholarly journals Insulin Gene Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (INS VNTR) Genotype and Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood Obesity

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 4641-4644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Santoro ◽  
Grazia Cirillo ◽  
Alessandra Amato ◽  
Caterina Luongo ◽  
Paolo Raimondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Ins Vntr ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract Objective: The insulin variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism located in the insulin gene promoter (INS VNTR) has been associated with insulin levels in obese children. Hyperinsulinemia is a pivotal factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, an emerging complication in childhood obesity. With the present study, we aimed to test the associations between INS VNTR and the metabolic syndrome in juvenile-onset obesity. Subjects and Methods: We screened for the INS VNTR in 320 obese children (152 girls; mean age, 11.2 ± 2.3 yr; mean z-score body mass index, 3.6 ± 1.1). All of them underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test; baseline measurements included blood pressure and plasma lipid and fasting insulin levels. By using the data derived from the oral glucose tolerance test, the whole-body insulin sensitivity and the insulinogenic index were calculated. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome reached 39%. No differences in INS VNTR genotype distribution were observed between obese subjects and 200 lean, age- and sex-matched children (P = 0.7). Among obese subjects, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in subjects with the I/I genotype (P = 0.006); the risk for developing the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in subjects carrying the I/I genotype (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–3.9). Obese subjects homozygous for the class I allele showed higher insulin levels and insulinogenic index but lower whole-body insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: We conclude that the I variant of the insulin promoter, when expressed in homozygotes, can predispose obese children to develop the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance and obesity in childhood

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S67-S74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Chiarelli ◽  
Maria Loredana Marcovecchio
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Childhood obesity is a significant health problem that has reached epidemic proportions around the world and is associated with several metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Insulin resistance is a common feature of childhood obesity and is considered to be an important link between adiposity and the associated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also a key component of the metabolic syndrome, and its prevalence in the paediatric population is increasing, particularly among obese children and adolescents. Several factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance, such as increased free fatty acids and many hormones and cytokines released by adipose tissue.Valid and reliable methods are essential to assess the presence and the extent of insulin resistance, the associated risk factors and the effect of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. The two most common tests to assess insulin resistance are the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and the frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test utilizing the minimal model. However, both these tests are not easily accomplished, are time consuming, expensive and invasive. Simpler methods to assess insulin resistance based on surrogate markers derived from an oral glucose tolerance test or from fasting insulin and glucose levels have been validated in children and adolescents and widely used.Given the strong association between obesity, insulin resistance and the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, prevention and treatment of childhood obesity appear to be essential to prevent the development of insulin resistance and the associated complications.

scholarly journals Improving Glucose Homeostasis after Parathyroidectomy for Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Co-Existing Prediabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Spyridon Karras ◽  
Cedric Annweiler ◽  
Dimitris Kiortsis ◽  
Ioannis Koutelidakis ◽  
Kalliopi Kotsa
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

We have previously described increased fasting plasma glucose levels in patients with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) and co-existing prediabetes, compared to prediabetes per se. This study evaluated the effect of parathyroidectomy (PTx) (Group A), versus conservative follow-up (Group B), in a small cohort of patients with co-existing NPHPT and prediabetes. Sixteen patients were categorized in each group. Glycemic parameters (levels of fasting glucose (fGlu), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting insulin (fIns)), the homeostasis model assessment for estimating insulin secretion (HOMA-B) and resistance (HOMA-IR), and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were evaluated at baseline and after 32 weeks for both groups. Measurements at baseline were not significantly different between Groups A and B, respectively: fGlu (119.4 ± 2.8 vs. 118.2 ± 1.8 mg/dL, p = 0.451), HbA1c (5.84 ± 0.3 %vs. 5.86 ± 0.4%, p = 0.411), HOMA-IR (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.2, p = 0.213), HOMA-B (112.9 ± 31.8 vs. 116.9 ± 21.0%, p = 0.312), fIns (11.0 ± 2.3 vs. 12.8 ± 1.4 μIU/mL, p = 0.731), and 2-h post-load glucose concentrations (163.2 ± 3.2 vs. 167.2 ± 3.2 mg/dL, p = 0.371). fGlu levels demonstrated a positive correlation with PTH concentrations for both groups (Group A, rho = 0.374, p = 0.005, and Group B, rho = 0.359, p = 0.008). At the end of follow-up, Group A demonstrated significant improvements after PTx compared to the baseline: fGlu ((119.4 ± 2.8 vs. 111.2 ± 1.9 mg/dL, p = 0.021) (−8.2 ± 0.6 mg/dL)), and 2-h post-load glucose concentrations ((163.2 ± 3.2 vs. 144.4 ± 3.2 mg/dL, p = 0.041), (−18.8 ± 0.3 mg/dL)). For Group B, results demonstrated non-significant differences: fGlu ((118.2 ± 1.8 vs. 117.6 ± 2.3 mg/dL, p = 0.031), (−0.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL)), and 2-h post-load glucose concentrations ((167.2 ± 2.7 vs. 176.2 ± 3.2 mg/dL, p = 0.781), (+9.0 ± 0.8 mg/dL)). We conclude that PTx for individuals with NPHPT and prediabetes may improve their glucose homeostasis when compared with conservative follow-up, after 8 months of follow-up.

scholarly journals Frequency of the metabolic syndrome in obese Spanish pediatric population

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta López-Capapé ◽  
Milagros Alonso ◽  
Esmeralda Colino ◽  
Carmen Mustieles ◽  
José Corbatón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Hdl

Objective: Obesity is associated with insulin-resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors at the early years of life. These features define the so-called metabolic syndrome (MS). Aims: To assess the frequency of the MS among obese pediatric Spanish population and analyse the individual contribution and the predictive potential of individual components to the development of the syndrome. Patients and methods: A total of 429 patients, 220 boys and 209 girls, aged 4–18 years, with a body mass index of > 2 standard deviation scores for Spanish normative charts, were included in the study. Forty-seven percent were prepubertal and ten percent had Hispanic ethnicity. HbA1c, lipids, liver enzymes and uric acid levels were determined from blood and a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test was performed. MS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified by Cook as having at least three features among: obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension (HTA) or impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). We defined IR as homeostatic model assessment of IR index and/or fasting insulin levels> 95th centile of the control population. Results: Almost 18% of the patients had MS, with significantly higher frequency in Hispanic (32%) than in Caucasian (16%) population. There were no differences by sex or pubertal status. Prevalence of low HDL, HTA, hypertriglyceridemia and IGM were 27, 23, 16 and 7% respectively. No silent T2D was identified. According to International Obesity Task Force charts, 22% of the patients were overweight and not obese, but no differences in the frequency of individual features of MS between these two groups were observed. Among IR patients (35% of our population), the frequency of MS reached 28%. IR predicted the presence of MS independently from age and race. Conclusion: MS is present in 18% of our obese pediatric population. IR is closely associated with the components of MS and strongly predicts its development.

scholarly journals Effects of Overexpression of Neurosecretory Protein GL-Precursor Gene on Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4681
Author(s):  
Keisuke Fukumura ◽  
Yuki Narimatsu ◽  
Shogo Moriwaki ◽  
Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena ◽  
Megumi Furumitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increase Food Intake

A high-fat diet (HFD) quickly induces obesity with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. We previously reported that a novel hypothalamic small protein, named neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), stimulates feeding and fat accumulation in mice. However, the effects of NPGL on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis remain unknown. Hence, we subjected NPGL-precursor gene (Npgl)-overexpressing mice to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) under normal chow (NC) and HFD conditions. Npgl overexpression promoted body mass gain and tended to increase food intake of NC-fed mice, whereas it had little effect on HFD-fed mice. The OGTT showed elevated blood glucose and insulin levels in Npgl-overexpressing NC-fed mice 15 min after glucose administration. Both the OGTT and IPITT demonstrated that Npgl overexpression decreased blood glucose levels in HFD-fed mice 60 min after glucose and insulin treatments. Notably, Npgl overexpression increased adipose tissue masses only in NC-fed mice, and it decreased blood glucose and insulin levels in HFD-fed mice at the experimental end point. It also increased the mRNA expression of galanin, one of the feeding and metabolic regulatory neuropeptides, in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed mice. Therefore, NPGL may alleviate HFD-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in mice.

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