scholarly journals Extending the Quality of Secure Service Model to Multi-Hop Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-803
Author(s):  
Paul M. Simon ◽  
Scott Graham
Keyword(s):  
Complex Networks ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Service Model ◽  
End Points ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Gain Access ◽  
Relay Stations

Rarely are communications networks point-to-point. In most cases, transceiver relay stations exist between transmitter and receiver end-points. These relay stations, while essential for controlling cost and adding flexibility to network architectures, reduce the overall security of the respective network. In an effort to quantify that reduction, we extend the Quality of Secure Service (QoSS) model to these complex networks, specifically multi-hop networks. In this approach, the quantification of security is based upon probabilities that adversarial listeners and disruptors gain access to or manipulate transmitted data on one or more of these multi-hop channels. Message fragmentation and duplication across available channels provides a security performance trade-space, with its consequent QoSS. This work explores that trade-space and the corresponding QoSS model to describe it.

scholarly journals Model for Quantifying the Quality of Secure Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
Paul M. Simon ◽  
Scott Graham ◽  
Christopher Talbot ◽  
Micah Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Multiple Channels ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Comprehensive Measurement ◽  
Gain Access

Although not common today, communications networks could adjust security postures based on changing mission security requirements, environmental conditions, or adversarial capability, through the coordinated use of multiple channels. This will require the ability to measure the security of communications networks in a meaningful way. To address this need, in this paper, we introduce the Quality of Secure Service (QoSS) model, a methodology to evaluate how well a system meets its security requirements. This construct enables a repeatable and quantifiable measure of security in a single- or multi-channel network under static configurations. In this approach, the quantification of security is based upon the probabilities that adversarial listeners and disruptors may gain access to or manipulate transmitted data. The initial model development, albeit a snap-shot of the network security, provides insights into what may affect end-to-end security and to what degree. The model was compared against the performance and expected security of several point-to-point networks, and three simplified architectures are presented as examples. Message fragmentation and duplication across the available channels provides a security performance trade-space, with an accompanying comprehensive measurement of the QoSS. The results indicate that security may be improved with message fragmentation across multiple channels when compared to the number of adversarial listeners or disruptors. This, in turn, points to the need, in future work, to build a full simulation environment with specific protocols and networks to validate the initial modeled results.

scholarly journals A useful intraoperative technique for transiliac-transsacral screws: a point-to-point coaxial guide apparatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze-hang Zheng ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Zheng-qiang Luo ◽  
Ye Ren ◽  
Tao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Pelvic Fracture ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Screw Placement ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Average Operative Time ◽  
Free Hand Technique ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Postoperative Fracture

Abstract Background The transiliac-transsacral screw placement is a clinical challenge for surgeons. This study explored a point-to-point coaxial guide apparatus assisting the transiliac-transsacral screw insertion and aimed to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of the guide apparatus in the treatment of posterior ring unstable pelvic fracture compared with a free-hand technique. Methods A retrospective study was performed to evaluate patients treated with transiliac-transsacral screws assisted by the point-to-point coaxial guide apparatus or free-hand technique. The intraoperative data of operative time and radiation exposure times were recorded. Postoperative radiographs and CT scans were performed to scrutinize the accuracy of screws position. The quality of the postoperative fracture reduction was assessed according to Matta radiology criteria. The pelvic function was assessed according to the Majeed scoring criteria at 6 months postoperatively. Results From July 2017 to December 2019, a total of 38 patients were included in this study, 20 from the point-to-point guide apparatus group and 18 from the free-hand group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, injury causes, pelvic fracture type, screws level, and follow-up time (P > 0.05). The average operative time of the guide apparatus group for each screw was significantly less than that in the free-hand group (25.8 ± 4.7 min vs 40.5 ± 5.1, P < 0.001). The radiation exposure times were significantly lower in the guide apparatus group than that in the free-hand group (24.4 ± 6.0 vs 51.6 ± 8.4, P < 0.001). The intraosseous and juxtacortical rate of screw placement (100%) higher than in the free-hand group (94.4%). Conclusion The point-to-point coaxial guide apparatus is feasible for assisting the transiliac-transsacral screw in the treatment of posterior unstable pelvic fractures. It has the advantages of simple operation, reasonable design and no need for expensive equipment, and provides an additional surgical strategy for the insertion of the transiliac-transsacral screw.

scholarly journals They Do Their Best, but Their Best Isn’t Good Enough: How Social Housing Can Support Older Tenants Aging in Place

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
Christine Sheppard ◽  
Andrea Austen ◽  
Sander Hitzig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Service Model ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The City

Abstract Toronto Community Housing (TCH) is the second largest social housing landlord in North America, and is home to over 27,000 older adults, half of whom live in 83 “seniors-designated” buildings. There is inadequate and inconsistent delivery of services in these buildings, negatively impacting tenants’ ability to age in place. We conducted two half-day consultations with service providers (n=74) and tenants (n=100) to identify strategies to improve unit condition, promote stable tenancies (i.e., prevent evictions) and enhance access to health and support services for older adults living in TCH. Through facilitated discussion, participants identified their top two recommendations for each priority area and reflected on the strategies that were hardest and easiest to implement, as well as the ones that would have the most and least impact on quality of life for older tenants. Participants recognized the need for more education as a way to empower older tenants and reduce stigma associated with unit condition issues (e.g., pest problems) and arrears. More frequent touch points with tenants was also recommended as a way to identify older adults at-risk of eviction and work proactively (instead of reactively) to support them. Service providers and tenants believed that system navigators working directly in the buildings would be a key facilitator to building trust and helping older tenants access needed services. Outcomes of the have several program and policy implications for TCH, as they partner with the City of Toronto to design a new integrated service model for the seniors-designated buildings.

Machine Learning for Neurodegenerative Disorder Diagnosis — Survey of Practices and Launch of Benchmark Dataset

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Tagaris ◽  
Dimitrios Kollias ◽  
Andreas Stafylopatis ◽  
Georgios Tagaris ◽  
Stefanos Kollias
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Medical Examinations

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, constitute a major factor in long-term disability and are becoming more and more a serious concern in developed countries. As there are, at present, no effective therapies, early diagnosis along with avoidance of misdiagnosis seem to be critical in ensuring a good quality of life for patients. In this sense, the adoption of computer-aided-diagnosis tools can offer significant assistance to clinicians. In the present paper, we provide in the first place a comprehensive recording of medical examinations relevant to those disorders. Then, a review is conducted concerning the use of Machine Learning techniques in supporting diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, with reference to at times used medical datasets. Special attention has been given to the field of Deep Learning. In addition to that, we communicate the launch of a newly created dataset for Parkinson’s disease, containing epidemiological, clinical and imaging data, which will be publicly available to researchers for benchmarking purposes. To assess the potential of the new dataset, an experimental study in Parkinson’s diagnosis is carried out, based on state-of-the-art Deep Neural Network architectures and yielding very promising accuracy results.

scholarly journals Comparison of Multicast Algorithm Evaluation Results in Low and High Multicast Saturation Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Stachowiak ◽  
Piotr Zwierzykowski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Entire Network

The multicast quality of service-enabled routing is a computationally challenging task. Despite ongoing research efforts, the associated mathematical problems are still considered to be NP-hard. In certain applications, computational complexity of finding the optimal connection between a set of network devices may be a particularly difficult challenge. For example, connecting a small group of participants of a teleconference is not much more complex than setting up a set of mutual point-to-point connections. On the other hand, satisfying the demand for such services as IPTV, with their receivers constituting the majority of the network, requires applying appropriate optimization methods in order to ensure real system execution. In this paper, algorithms solving this class of problems are considered. The notion of multicast saturation is introduced to measure the amount of multicast participants relative to the entire network, and the efficiency of the analyzed algorithms is evaluated for different saturation degrees.

scholarly journals From actors to space, through processes: reflections from co-production and commoning

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. C06
Author(s):  
Paola Alfaro - d'Alençon ◽  
Horacio Torrent
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Space Production ◽  
New Generation

Under new state-led governance models, a new generation of city entrepreneurs seeks to define work and living environments to meet their needs and aspirations in a collaborative way. In this field, international discourses are debating private investors as key players in urban development and the simultaneous withdrawal/absence of the state. This has led to more complex networks of participating actors and conflictive urban development patterns. Strategies are needed to understand the influence of commons-based space production. From the research project DFG-KOPRO-Int, the Authors aim to define learnings from urban development and housing projects, involved actors, processes and material quality of the projects.

scholarly journals Problems with the outcome measures in randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine in treating chronic heart failure caused by coronary heart disease: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Hu ◽  
Ruijin Qiu ◽  
Chengyu Li ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Qianqian Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
End Points ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Surrogate Outcomes

Abstract Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained widespread application in treating chronic heart failure (CHF) secondary to coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the sound clinical evidence is still lacking. Corresponding clinical trials vary considerably in the outcome measures assessing the efficacy of TCM, some that showed the improvement of clinical symptoms are not universally acknowledged. Rational outcome measures are the key to evaluate efficacy and safety of each treatment and significant elements of a convincing clinical trial. We aimed to summarize and analyze outcome measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCM in treating CHF caused by CHD, subsequently identify the present problems and try to put forward solutions. Methods We systematically searched databases including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang from inception to October 8, 2018, to identify eligible RCTs using TCM interventions for treating CHF patients caused by CHD. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) was searched to include Cochrane systematic reviews (CSRs) of CHF. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias of the included RCTs according to the Cochrane Handbook. Outcome measures of each trial were extracted and analyzed those compared with the CSRs. We also evaluated the reporting quality of the outcome measures. Results A total of 31 RCTs were included and the methodology quality of the studies was generally low. Outcome measures in these RCTs were mortality, rehospitalization, efficacy of cardiac function, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6 min’ walk distance (6MWD) and Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), of which mortality and rehospitalization are clinical end points while the others are surrogate outcomes. The reporting rate of mortality and rehospitalization was 12.90% (4/31), the other included studies reported surrogate outcomes. As safety measure, 54.84% of the studies reported adverse drug reactions. Two trials were evaluated as high in reporting quality of outcomes and that of the other 29 studies was poor due to lack of necessary information for reporting. Conclusions The present RCTs of TCM in treating CHF secondary to CHD did not concentrate on the clinical end points of heart failure, which were generally small in size and short in duration. Moreover, these trials lacked adequate safety evaluation, had low quality in reporting outcomes and certain risk of bias in methodology. For objective assessment of the efficacy and safety of TCM in treating CHF secondary to CHD, future research should be rigorous designed, set end points as primary outcome measures and pay more attention to safety evaluation throughout the trial.

scholarly journals Chinese university research ethics construction to build a socialist core values as the carrier

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
College Teachers ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Moral Construction ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Employment Mechanism

Abstract: Theteacher is the engineer of the human soul, and thenoble teacher's morality is the coreprofessional qualityof the teacher.Aiming at the problems existing in theconstruction of teachers' morality in colleges and universities, this paper puts forward theconstruction of college teachers' moralitywith thecore valuesof socialismas the carrier.From improving the conditions for teachers' access, establishing and improving the teacher's morality assessment mechanism, teacher cadre selection and employment mechanism, creating an environment of respecting teachers, educating and educating people, strengthening teachers' moral education and theoretical training, providing scientific research policy environment and solving teachers' actual conditions From the perspective of difficulties and other angles, the core values of socialism are permeated throughout the whole process of the construction of teachers' morality in colleges and universities, from point to point and level,in order to improve the quality of college teachers' moral construction.

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