scholarly journals An Analysis of the Causes of Deforestation in Malawi: A Case of Mwazisi

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ngwira ◽  
Teiji Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Agriculture Expansion ◽  
Customary Land

Deforestation is recognized as a major driver of the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. It also disturbs natural processes such as biogeochemical, hydrological, and ecological cycles. In Malawi, deforestation is estimated to be responsible for the loss of 33,000 hectares per year, and is mainly attributed to agriculture expansion, tobacco growing, and excessive use of biomass. However, little research has been conducted at either the local level or that of forests located on customary land. This research aimed to identify and analyze the underlying driving factors associated with the proximate factors of agriculture expansion, tobacco growing, and brick burning in Mwazisi. Landsat images for 1991, 2004, and 2017 were downloaded from the United States Geological Survey website and used to analyze changes in forest cover. Interviews with households (n = 399) and Natural Resource Committee members, a focus group discussion with key officers, and observations were conducted during field data collection in 2017. The results of the land cover analysis showed that forest covered 66% of the study area in 1991, and by 2017 it had decreased to 45.8%. Most households depend on wood from customary land forests for tobacco curing (69%) and brick burning (68%). Furthermore, 47.6% of the households have expanded their agriculture land by approximately 0.57 hectares during the past 15 years. The interview survey and the focus group discussion identified that the underlying driving factors towards these anthropogenic activities are: (a) population growth, (b) poverty, (c) expensive alternative building materials, (d) lack of awareness, (e) lack of resources, (f) lack of commitment from the tobacco companies, and (g) market system of the cash crops grown in the area. In conclusion, a set of economic, institutional, social, and demographic factors, which are associated with imbalanced relationship between rural and urban areas, underpin agriculture expansion, tobacco growing, and brick burning, and have thereby contributed to the decline of the forest cover in Mwazisi, Malawi.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Collaborative Governance dalam Pelayanan Komprehensif Berkesinambungan untuk Menanggulangi HIV/AIDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Argyo Demartoto
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Comprehensive Service ◽  
Optimal Coordination ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstrakDi tingkat nasional dan daerah telah terdapat kebijakan publik, program dan kegiatan untuk menanggulangi HIV/AIDS, namun jumlah kasus HIV/AIDS meningkat setiap tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas collaborative governance antarpemangku kepentingan dalam pelayanan komprehensif berkesinambungan untuk menanggulangi HIV/AIDS di Kota Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus jenis exploratory. Informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada 2 Juli – 2 September 2013 dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, focus group discussion, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberi dan penerima layanan berperan dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS sesuai tugas dan fungsinya masing-masing. Program pencegahan dan penjangkauan, layanan kesehatan, reduksi bahaya, dan pemberdayaan belum efektif karena komitmen terhadap tujuan dan sikap saling percaya antarpemangku kepentingan belum optimal, petugas lapangan kurang profesional, terdapat konflik laten antarpemangku kepentingan, kurang optimalnya koordinasi antaranggota Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Daerah Kota Surakarta dan rendahnya anggaran untuk penanggulangan HIV/AIDS karena HIV/AIDS belum menjadi isu prioritas dalam pembangunan daerah. Disimpulkan bahwa kolaborasi governance antarpemangku kepentingan belum efektif. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan efektivitas kolaborasi governance antarpemangku kepentingan, harus ada norma, struktur, dan proses yang jelas dalam menanggulangi HIV/AIDS.AbstractThere have been public policies, programs and activities to cope with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia at national and local level, but number of HIV/AIDScases is increasing every year. This study aimed to determine effectivity ofcollaborative governance between stakeholders in a sustainable comprehensive service to cope with HIV/AIDS in Surakarta City. This study was an exploratory study. Informants were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted on 2 July – 2 September 2013 using in-depth interview, observation, focus group discussion, and documentation. Technique of data analysis was an interactive analysis model. Results showed that service provider and receiver had taken roles in HIV/AIDS coping based on their own duty and function. Prevention and outreach, healthcare service, harm reduction and empowerment programs had not been yet effective because of less optimal commitment to purpose and mutual trust between stakeholders, less professional fieldworkers, latent conflict occurred between stakeholders, less optimal coordination between AIDS Coping Commission of Surakarta City members, and low budget for HIV/AIDS coping as HIV/AIDS is not yet a priority issue in regional development. In brief, collaborative governance between stakeholders is not yet efffective. To improve the quality and the collaborative governance effectivity between stakeholders, there should be any clear norm, structure and process in coping with HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Healing Wounds and Blood Feuds in Exploring Ethiopia the Role of Dem Adraqi Elders in Rural South Wollo Zone of Amhara Regional State

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Healing Wounds

The study explained the roles of dem adraqi elders in avoiding and healing past wounds and blood feuds between conflicting parties in rural Amhara regional states of Ethiopia. Unless healing wounds and blood feud conflict is managed properly, it results in social and economic destruction at both family and community level. The main objective of this study was the role of dem adraqi elders in avoiding blood feud in rural Ethiopia. The most common types of conflict resolved by dem adraqi elders are killing, property looting, theft and land based conflicts. Qualitative research approach was followed with focus group discussion and key informant interview as a tool of data collection. The data was collected from 11key informant respondents and 3 focus group discussion (FGD) through purposive sampling techniques. The finding of the study showed that cost of conflict depends on the type of conflict resolution system that individuals used to settle disagreements. In addition, the practical procedure of dem adraqi elder in healing wounds and blood feuds are painstaking since it is important to avoid conflicts between parties for last without any retaliation after reaching agreements through erigiman (cursing the retaliator). In general, the work of dem adraqi elders depends on the interest and will of disputant parties. To minimize the problem of wounds and blood feud conflicts and encourage dem adraqi elders at the local level, government should make some economic support to satisfy their morality.

scholarly journals A Crisis in Civic Conscience in the United States? Knowledge and Understanding of the U.S. Bill of Rights among a Group of Undergraduate Students Citizens of the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Porter E Coggins ◽  
Janet A. Heuer ◽  
Michael A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Honors Students ◽  
First Year Experience ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bill Of Rights

Three groups of undergraduate student citizens of the United States at a regional public university were surveyed regarding their knowledge of the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of the United States. Additionally, the findings of a focus group discussion of Honors students regarding this same topic are presented and discussed. A fifteen-statement questionnaire was administered to 66 First Year Experience (FYE) undergraduate students, 50 senior students, and nine Honors students. Ten of the statements were quotes from the Bill of Rights amendments and five statements were foils which were not among the Bill of Rights amendments. A focus group discussion with the Honors students revealed several themes including those of rights and responsibility for educational curricula on the Bill of Rights. Analysis of the data indicated that these three groups did not present evidence of deep knowledge of the Bill of Rights by amendment number. We interpret the general lack of knowledge of the Bill of Rights as a warning regarding of the lack of value of the Bill of Rights and citizenship by state and federal governments and raise a concern of the possibility of a growing crisis in civic conscience of the citizenry of our country unless significant educational-policy countermeasures are taken. 

KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN MITIGASI KONFLIK MANUSIA-GAJAH DI RESORT BESITANG, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER (SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND POLICY FOR MITIGATION HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT AT BESITANG RESORT OF GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL P

Inovasi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Kuswanda
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Response Unit

Salah satu habitat gajah yang masih tersisa adalah Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL), terutama di wilayah Besitang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi, kepemilikan lahan, pemetaan wilayah dan mitigasi konflik manusia dengan gajah di Resort Besitang, TNGL. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner, wawancara dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Analisis data menggunakan tabel frekuensi dan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wilayah yang memiliki potensi konflik gajah di Resort Besitang adalah Daerah Halaban, Aras Senapal, Sekundur, Bukit Selamat dan Bukit Mas dengan intensitas konflik rendah sampai tinggi. Penyebab utama konflik manusia dengan gajah adalah fragmentasi kawasan hutan,  ketidakpastian status lahan di daerah penyangga, pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi dan meningkatnya pendatang di wilayah Besitang, perambahan dan ilegal logging yang terus terjadi, minimnya kesadaran masyarakat dan peranan lembaga desa dalam mendukung konservasi gajah. Rekomendasi resolusi mitigasi konflik gajah diantaranya: 1) memperbaiki habitat gajah yang sudah terfragmentasi di dalam kawasan TNGL; 2) meningkatkan peran Tim CRU (Conservation Response Unit); 3) membentuk unit reaksi cepat penanganan konflik gajah dengan melibatkan para pihak; 4) menanam jenis tanaman yang tidak disukai dan dijauhi oleh gajah; 5) mereduksi ketergantungan masyarakat akan sistem pertanian yang membutuhkan lahan yang luas; 6) mengembangkan program untuk membantu peningkatan hasil panen; dan,  7) penyuluhan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman bahwa gajah merupakan bagian dari ekosistem yang harus lestari.   Kata kunci: gajah, konflik, habitat, Besitang, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser

Komunikasi Pembangunan di Era Digital melalui e-Government dalam Pelayanan Publik dan Pemberdayaan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Rili Windiasih
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion

Perkembangan Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi di era globalisasi, demokratisasi dan desentralisasi sudah menjadi kebutuhan sekaligus tantangan khususnya bagi pemerintah daerah dalam komunikasi pembangunan untuk pelayanan publik dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus, dengan pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi, wawancara, pengamatan dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Subjek penelitian dipilih secara purposif yaitu pemerintah daerah di Eks-KaresidenanBanyumas Jawa Tengah, akademisi dan civil society. Penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis interaktif melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpuan dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pentingnya komunikasi pembangunan dengan media teknologi informasi dan komunikasi melalui e-Government untuk meningkatkan pelayanan publik yang baik, cepat dan responsif, adanya partisipasi aktif dari publik dan transparansi baik anggaran serta program pembangunan. (2) Perlunya mengantisipasi adanya kesenjangan teknologi informasisehingga membutuhkan peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia di pemerintahan daerah dan publik, serta memperluas fasilitas akses jaringan informasi.Kata kunci: komunikasi pembangunan, pelayanan publik, partisipasi, teknologi informasi, transparansi 

TINGKAT KEAKURATAN DAN KEBERTERIMAAN TERJEMAHAN KALIMAT YANG MENGAKOMODASI TINDAK TUTUR KOMISIF PADA NOVEL INSURGENT (THE ACCURACY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF TRANSLATION ON THE SENTENCES WHICH ACCOMODATE COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT IN THE INSURGENT NOVEL)

Widyaparwa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
Novita Sumarlin Putri
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects

Tindak tutur komisif merupakan salah satu aspek pragmatik yang harus diperhatikan oleh penerjemah ketika menerjemahkan teks. Hal itu dilakukan agar menghasilkan terjemahan yang berkualitas dari aspek keakuratan dan keberterimaan. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskripsikan tingkat keakuratan dan keberterimaan terjemahan kalimat yang mengakomodasi tindak tutur komisif dengan pendekatan pragmatik. Data yang digunakan ialah tuturan komisif dan hasil penilaian kualitas terjemahan. Data bersumber dari novel Insurgent karya Veronica Roth dan informan. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara analisis dokumen, kuesioner dan Focus Group Discussion. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis dengan cara analisis domain, taksonomi, komponensial, dan tema budaya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjemahan dalam novel Insurgent mempunyai nilai keakuratan dan keberterimaan yang cukup tinggi. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat keakuratan dan keberterimaan pada setiap jenis tindak tutur komisif memiliki dampak terhadap kualitas keseluruhan terjemahan kalimat yang mengandung tindak tutur komisif.Commissive speech act is one of the pragmatic aspects to regard by the translator in translating the text. It aims to produce a qualified translation in regarding accuracy and acceptability aspects. According to the aspects, this research aims to describe accuracy and acceptability of translation in sentences which accommodate commissive speech act using pragmatic approach. The data used is commissive speech and qualitative translation value result. The sources of the data are an Insurgent novel by Veronica Roth and informants. The data were collected through document analysis, questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion then analyzed the domain, taxonomic, componential analysis, and cultural theme. The result shows that translation in the Insurgent novel has high accuracy and acceptability values. This research concludes that the accuracy and acceptability level in each commissive speech act has an impact on quality of whole translated sentences which contain commissive speech act.

Kesiapan Dosen Dalam Pelaksanaan Uji Objective Structured Clinical Examination (Osce) Program Studi D3 Keperawatan

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Bejo Danang Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Constant Comparative

Perencanaan pengembangan uji kompetensi perawat Indonesia akan dikembangkan  dengan metode OSCE.. Pelaksanaan uji OSCE membutuhkan persiapan yang matang, terutama kesiapan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dalam hal ini adalah dosen untuk melaksanakan uji OSCE. Mengetahui kesiapan SDM dalam pengembangan uji OSCE di Prodi D3 Keperawatan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKES) Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Cilacap. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Informan penelitian adalah 6 orang dosen dan Kepala Program Studi D3 keperawatan. Data diperoleh melalui, focus group discussion, wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumentasi. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan constant comparative method. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan dosen tentang OSCE dan kompetensi berdasarkan pendidikan memenuhi persyaratan untuk pengembangan uji OSCE, namun masih membutuhkan pelatihan mengenai OSCE. Uji OSCE dapat diselenggarakan dengan melibatkan dosen dari prodi lain karena jumlah dosen di Prodi D3 Keperawatan  STIKES Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Cilacap belum memenuhi kebutuhan pelaksanaan uji OSCE. Hambatan penyelenggaraan OSCE adalah SDM belum terkoordinasi, belum terlatih dan keterbatasan sarana pendukun. Pengetahuan dan kompetensi dosen berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan memenuhi syarat dalam pengembangan OSCE dan OSCE dapat diselenggarakan dengan melibatkan dosen prodi lain.

Social Media Literacy For Housewives In Kanoman Maguwoharjo Village, Sleman, Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Novianti ◽  
Siti Fatonah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Research Subjects

Social media is a necessity for everyone in communicating and exchanging information. Social media users do not know the boundaries of age, generation, gender, ethnicity, and religion. However, what is interesting is the user among housewives. This study took the research subjects of housewives. Housewives are chosen as research subjects because they are pillars or pillars in a household. If the pillar is strong, then the household will also be healthy. Thus, if we want to build a resilient and robust generation, we will start from the housewives. A healthy household starts from strong mothers too. This study aims to find out the insights of the housewives of Kanoman village regarding the content on smartphones and social media and provide knowledge of social media literacy to housewives. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using participant observation, interviews, focus group discussion (FGD), and documentation. The results of the study showed that previously housewives had not experienced social media literacy. Then the researchers took steps to be able to achieve the desired literacy results. Researchers took several steps to make them become social media literates. They become able to use social media, understand social media, and even produce messages through social media.

KETAHANAN SOSIAL DALAM MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN SOSIAL KOMUNITAS ADAT KAMPUNG PULO DI KABUPATEN GARUT

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia Martina Marwanti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran ketahanan sosial dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial pada komunitas adat Kampung Pulo, yang meliputi profil komunitas, perlindungan sosial, partisipasi komunitas dan penyelesaian konflik terkait dengan perubahan sosial. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, studi dokumentasi dan focus group discussion (FGD). Penentuan sumber data ada 6 informan dilakukan secara purposive. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data, melalui uji kredibilitas dan uji konfirmabilitas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu dengan reduksi data, kategorisasi dan penyajian data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlindungan sosial warga komunitas ini  bersifat tradisional maupun kontemporer. Dalam hal partisipasi, hampir semua warga masyarakat adat ikut berpartisipasi aktif dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial. Konflik yang terjadi diantara warga komunitas adat dalam menghadapi perubahan masih ditemukan, namun tidak sampai ke permukaan dan tidak menimbulkan gejolak. Secara umum komunitas adat Kampung Pulo, memiliki ketahanan sosial yang sudah baik, sehingga mampu menjadi benteng pengamanan bagi perubahan sosial dalam kehidupannya. Kata kunci: ketahanan sosial, komunitas adat, perubahan sosial

KOMUNIKASI KOORDINASI ANTAR INSTANSI DALAM TANGGAP BENCANA: STUDI KASUS PENANGANAN BENCANA DI YOGYAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Author(s):  
Zein Mufarrih Muktaf ◽  
Budi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion

Yogyakarta adalah sebuah wilayah di selatan pulau Jawa yang rawan bencana alam. Maka diperlukan adanya peningkatan kapasitas masyarakat Yogyakarta dalam usaha pengurangan resiko bencana. Permasalahan terjadi saat komunikasi lembaga instansi yang berkaitan dengan penanganan bencana tidak terkoordinasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini mencoba melihat bagaimana komunikasi koordinasi setiap instansi dalam penanganan bencana. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa permasalahan yang terjadi dan bagaimana solusinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan pengambilan data menggunakan pendekatan focus group discussion (FGD). Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah kurangnya komunikasi koordinasi antar instansi dalam tanggap bencana di Yogyakarta, dan perlu meningkatkan komunikasi koordinasi antar instansi.

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