scholarly journals The Role of the CREB Protein Family Members and the Related Transcription Factors in Radioresistance Mechanisms

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1437
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Stati ◽  
Francesca Passaretta ◽  
Florelle Gindraux ◽  
Lucia Centurione ◽  
Roberta Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Solid Tumours ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Creb Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Function

In the framework of space flight, the risk of radiation carcinogenesis is considered a “red” risk due to the high likelihood of occurrence as well as the high potential impact on the quality of life in terms of disease-free survival after space missions. The cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is overexpressed both in haematological malignancies and solid tumours and its expression and function are modulated following irradiation. The CREB protein is a transcription factor and member of the CREB/activating transcription factor (ATF) family. As such, it has an essential role in a wide range of cell processes, including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Among the CREB-related nuclear transcription factors, NF-κB and p53 have a relevant role in cell response to ionising radiation. Their expression and function can decide the fate of the cell by choosing between death or survival. The aim of this review was to define the role of the CREB/ATF family members and the related transcription factors in the response to ionising radiation of human haematological malignancies and solid tumours.

scholarly journals HbxB Is a Key Regulator for Stress Response and β-Glucan Biogenesis in Aspergillus nidulans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Sung-Hun Son ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee ◽  
Ye-Eun Son ◽  
Hee-Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Spore Viability ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trehalose Biosynthesis

Homeobox transcription factors are conserved in eukaryotes and act as multi-functional transcription factors in filamentous fungi. Previously, it was demonstrated that HbxB governs fungal development and spore viability in Aspergillus nidulans. Here, the role of HbxB in A. nidulans was further characterized. RNA-sequencing revealed that HbxB affects the transcriptomic levels of genes associated with trehalose biosynthesis and response to thermal, oxidative, and radiation stresses in asexual spores called conidia. A phenotypic analysis found that hbxB deletion mutant conidia were more sensitive to ultraviolet stress. The loss of hbxB increased the mRNA expression of genes associated with β-glucan degradation and decreased the amount of β-glucan in conidia. In addition, hbxB deletion affected the expression of the sterigmatocystin gene cluster and the amount of sterigmatocystin. Overall, these results indicated that HbxB is a key transcription factor regulating trehalose biosynthesis, stress tolerance, β-glucan degradation, and sterigmatocystin production in A.nidulans conidia.

scholarly journals BRN2 is a non-canonical melanoma tumor-suppressor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hamm ◽  
Pierre Sohier ◽  
Valérie Petit ◽  
Jérémy H. Raymond ◽  
Véronique Delmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pi3k Signaling ◽  
Melanoma Tumor ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Metastatic Colonization ◽  
Pou Domain

AbstractWhile the major drivers of melanoma initiation, including activation of NRAS/BRAF and loss of PTEN or CDKN2A, have been identified, the role of key transcription factors that impose altered transcriptional states in response to deregulated signaling is not well understood. The POU domain transcription factor BRN2 is a key regulator of melanoma invasion, yet its role in melanoma initiation remains unknown. Here, in a BrafV600EPtenF/+ context, we show that BRN2 haplo-insufficiency promotes melanoma initiation and metastasis. However, metastatic colonization is less efficient in the absence of Brn2. Mechanistically, BRN2 directly induces PTEN expression and in consequence represses PI3K signaling. Moreover, MITF, a BRN2 target, represses PTEN transcription. Collectively, our results suggest that on a PTEN heterozygous background somatic deletion of one BRN2 allele and temporal regulation of the other allele elicits melanoma initiation and progression.

scholarly journals How cancer cells remodel lipid metabolism: strategies targeting transcription factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-Won Jeong ◽  
Seulbee Lee ◽  
Yang-Sook Chun
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Potential Strategy

AbstractReprogramming of lipid metabolism has received increasing recognition as a hallmark of cancer cells because lipid dysregulation and the alteration of related enzyme profiles are closely correlated with oncogenic signals and malignant phenotypes, such as metastasis and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we describe recent findings that support the importance of lipids, as well as the transcription factors involved in cancer lipid metabolism. With recent advances in transcription factor analysis, including computer-modeling techniques, transcription factors are emerging as central players in cancer biology. Considering the limited number and the crucial role of transcription factors associated with lipid rewiring in cancers, transcription factor targeting is a promising potential strategy for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Expression Characterization of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway Genes and Transcription Factors in Peanut Under Water Deficit Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Kubra ◽  
Maryam Khan ◽  
Faiza Munir ◽  
Alvina Gul ◽  
Tariq Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Drought is one of the hostile environmental stresses that limit the yield production of crop plants by modulating their growth and development. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) has a wide range of adaptations to arid and semi-arid climates, but its yield is prone to loss due to drought. Other than beneficial fatty acids and micronutrients, peanut harbors various bioactive compounds including flavonoids that hold a prominent position as antioxidants in plants and protect them from oxidative stress. In this study, understanding of the biosynthesis of flavonoids in peanut under water deficit conditions was developed through expression analysis and correlational analysis and determining the accumulation pattern of phenols, flavonols, and anthocyanins. Six peanut varieties (BARD479, BARI2011, BARI2000, GOLDEN, PG1102, and PG1265) having variable responses against drought stress have been selected. Higher water retention and flavonoid accumulation have been observed in BARI2011 but downregulation has been observed in the expression of genes and transcription factors (TFs) which indicated the maintenance of normal homeostasis. ANOVA revealed that the expression of flavonoid genes and TFs is highly dependent upon the genotype of peanut in a spatiotemporal manner. Correlation analysis between expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes and TFs indicated the role of AhMYB111 and AhMYB7 as an inhibitor for AhF3H and AhFLS, respectively, and AhMYB7, AhTTG1, and AhCSU2 as a positive regulator for the expression of Ah4CL, AhCHS, and AhF3H, respectively. However, AhbHLH and AhGL3 revealed nil-to-little relation with the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway genes. Correlational analysis between the expression of TFs related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and the accumulation of phenolics, flavonols, and anthocyanins indicated coregulation of flavonoid synthesis by TFs under water deficit conditions in peanut. This study would provide insight into the role of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in drought response in peanut and would aid to develop drought-tolerant varieties of peanut.

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular Changes and Neurodegeneration Related to Hyperlipidemia: Characteristics of the Human ApoB-100 Transgenic Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 1486-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda E. Tóth ◽  
Brigitta Dukay ◽  
Zsófia Hoyk ◽  
Miklós Sántha
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Models ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Function

Serum lipid levels are closely related to the structure and function of blood vessels. Chronic hyperlipidemia may lead to damage in both the cardio- and the cerebrovascular systems. Vascular dysfunctions, including impairments of the blood-brain barrier, are known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. A growing number of evidence suggests that cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, may increase the likelihood of developing dementia. Due to differences in lipoprotein metabolism, wild-type mice are protected against dietinduced hypercholesterolemia, and their serum lipid profile is different from that observed in humans. Therefore, several transgenic mouse models have been established to study the role of different apolipoproteins and their receptors in lipid metabolism, as well as the complications related to pathological lipoprotein levels. This minireview focused on a transgenic mouse model overexpressing an apolipoprotein, the human ApoB-100. We discussed literature data and current advancements on the understanding of ApoB-100 induced cardio- and cerebrovascular lesions in order to demonstrate the involvement of this type of apolipoprotein in a wide range of pathologies, and a link between hyperlipidemia and neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals Is the Secret of VDAC Isoforms in Their Gene Regulation? Characterization of Human VDAC Genes Expression Profile, Promoter Activity, and Transcriptional Regulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7388
Author(s):  
Federica Zinghirino ◽  
Xena Giada Pappalardo ◽  
Angela Messina ◽  
Francesca Guarino ◽  
Vito De Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
General Role ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factor ◽  
Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1

VDACs (voltage-dependent anion-selective channels) are pore-forming proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane, whose permeability is primarily due to VDACs’ presence. In higher eukaryotes, three isoforms are raised during the evolution: they have the same exon–intron organization, and the proteins show the same channel-forming activity. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the three human VDAC genes (VDAC1–3), their expression profiles, promoter activity, and potential transcriptional regulators. VDAC isoforms are broadly but also specifically expressed in various human tissues at different levels, with a predominance of VDAC1 and VDAC2 over VDAC3. However, an RNA-seq cap analysis gene expression (CAGE) approach revealed a higher level of transcription activation of VDAC3 gene. We experimentally confirmed this information by reporter assay of VDACs promoter activity. Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) distribution in the promoters were investigated. The main regulators common to the three VDAC genes were identified as E2F-myc activator/cell cycle (E2FF), Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), Krueppel-like transcription factors (KLFS), E-box binding factors (EBOX) transcription factor family members. All of them are involved in cell cycle and growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism. More transcription factors specific for each VDAC gene isoform were identified, supporting the results in the literature, indicating a general role of VDAC1, as an actor of apoptosis for VDAC2, and the involvement in sex determination and development of VDAC3. For the first time, we propose a comparative analysis of human VDAC promoters to investigate their specific biological functions. Bioinformatics and experimental results confirm the essential role of the VDAC protein family in mitochondrial functionality. Moreover, insights about a specialized function and different regulation mechanisms arise for the three isoform gene.

scholarly journals The role of Hath6, a newly identified shear-stress-responsive transcription factor, in endothelial cell differentiation and function

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (7) ◽  
pp. 1428-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fang ◽  
S. M. Wasserman ◽  
J. Torres-Vazquez ◽  
B. Weinstein ◽  
F. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Endothelial Cell Differentiation ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Transcription Factors Regulate a Wide Range of Functions in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7152
Author(s):  
Yaqi Hao ◽  
Xiumei Zong ◽  
Pan Ren ◽  
Yuqi Qian ◽  
Aigen Fu
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is one of the largest transcription factor gene families in Arabidopsis thaliana, and contains a bHLH motif that is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic organisms. Members of this family have two conserved motifs, a basic DNA binding region and a helix-loop-helix (HLH) region. These proteins containing bHLH domain usually act as homo- or heterodimers to regulate the expression of their target genes, which are involved in many physiological processes and have a broad range of functions in biosynthesis, metabolism and transduction of plant hormones. Although there are a number of articles on different aspects to provide detailed information on this family in plants, an overall summary is not available. In this review, we summarize various aspects of related studies that provide an overview of insights into the pleiotropic regulatory roles of these transcription factors in plant growth and development, stress response, biochemical functions and the web of signaling networks. We then provide an overview of the functional profile of the bHLH family and the regulatory mechanisms of other proteins.

scholarly journals The Three Clades of the Telomere-AssociatedTLOGene Family of Candida albicans Have Different Splicing, Localization, and Expression Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Z. Anderson ◽  
Joshua A. Baller ◽  
Keely Dulmage ◽  
Lauren Wigen ◽  
Judith Berman
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Transcription Regulation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
N Terminus

ABSTRACTCandida albicansgrows within a wide range of host niches, and this adaptability enhances its success as a commensal and as a pathogen. The telomere-associatedTLOgene family underwent a recent expansion from one or two copies in other CUG clade members to 14 expressed copies inC. albicans. This correlates with increased virulence and clinical prevalence relative to those of otherCandidaclade species. The 14 expressedTLOgene family members have a conserved Med2 domain at the N terminus, suggesting a role in general transcription. The C-terminal half is more divergent, distinguishing three clades: clade α and clade β have no introns and encode proteins that localize primarily to the nucleus; clade γ sometimes undergoes splicing, and the gene products localize within the mitochondria as well as the nuclei. Additionally,TLOα genes are generally expressed at much higher levels than areTLOγ genes. We propose that expansion of theTLOgene family and the predicted role of Tlo proteins in transcription regulation provideC. albicanswith the ability to adapt rapidly to the broad range of different environmental niches within the human host.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document