Patterns of Periodontal Destruction among Smokeless Tobacco Users in a Central Indian Population

Background: Findings of studies testing the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and periodontal health have shown varying results in different populations. Considering the high prevalence of SLT use in India, the present study was conducted to understand the pattern of periodontal destruction within different areas of the dentition among SLT users. Methods: Age, gender, oral hygiene habits, the frequency and duration of SLT consumption, the type of SLT product used, and the site of retention of the SLT product in the oral cavity were recorded among 90 SLT users. Probing depth (PD), recession (REC), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at SLT-associated and non SLT-associated teeth of the mandibular arch were compared based on the site of retention of the SLT product, the type of product used, and the duration of the habit. Results: REC and CAL were significantly higher at the SLT-associated zones compared to non SLT-associated zones and at both interproximal and mid-buccal sites of SLT-associated teeth. Among individuals who had the habit for more than 5 years and also among those who had the habit for 5–10 years, PD, REC, and CAL were significantly higher at SLT-associated teeth than at non SLT-associated teeth. Significantly greater periodontal destruction was observed at SLT-associated teeth among khaini users and gutkha users. Conclusions: Smokeless tobacco consumption resulted in greater destruction of periodontal tissues. The severity of periodontal destruction at SLT-associated sites differed depending on the type of smokeless tobacco used, the site of retention of the SLT, and the duration of the habit.

Download Full-text

Patterns of Periodontal Destruction among Smokeless Tobacco Users in a Central Indian Population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-149577/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pradeep Anand ◽

Supriya Mishra ◽

Deepti Nagle ◽

Namitha Kamath ◽

Kavitha Kamath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Indian Population ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Depth ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Periodontal Destruction ◽

Different Populations ◽

Oral Hygiene Habits

Abstract Background: Findings of studies testing the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and periodontal health have shown varying results in different populations. Considering the high prevalence of SLT use in India, the present study was conducted to understand the pattern of periodontal destruction within different areas of the dentition among SLT users. Methods: Age, gender, oral hygiene habits, the frequency and duration of SLT consumption, the type of SLT product used, and the site of retention of the SLT product in the oral cavity were recorded among 90 SLT users. Mean probing depth (PD), recession (REC), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at SLT-associated and non SLT-associated teeth of the mandibular arch were compared based on the site of retention of the SLT product, the type of product used, and the duration of the habit. Results: Mean REC and CAL were significantly higher at the SLT-associated zones compared to non SLT-associated zones and at both inter-proximal and mid-buccal sites of SLT-associated teeth. Among individuals who had the habit for >5 years and also among those who had the habit for 5-10 years, mean PD, REC, and CAL were significantly higher at SLT-associated teeth than at non SLT-associated teeth. Significantly greater periodontal destruction was observed at SLT-associated teeth among khaini users and gutkha users. Conclusion: Patterns of periodontal destruction among SLT users varied significantly between SLT-associated and non-SLT-associated sites, and the severity of periodontal destruction at SLT-associated sites differed among individuals depending upon the type of SLT product used, the site of retention of the SLT product, and the duration of the habit.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Smokeless Tobacco Consumption among women of Rural Telangana

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214041 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Murali Lingala ◽

Sneha Simon ◽

Bhagath . ◽

Kavitha .

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Second Hand Smoke ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

The Social ◽

High Prevalence

Background: Tobacco kills approximately 1 million people annually in India and is responsible for almost half of all cancers in men and quarter of all cancers in women. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is one such form that is culturally and socially acceptable by women especially in rural India. The study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption among women, prevalence of exposure to second hand smoke and to determine the factors associated with it.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done among 190 women in the rural field practice area of department of community medicine of Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal during the period of October 2019 to December 2019. Data was collected using simple random sampling. A semi structured questionnaire was prepared with the help of global adult tobacco survey proforma. The data was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 20.00.Results: Prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption was 57% and the most common form of tobacco being consumed was tobacco with pan (40.3%). The prevalence of exposure to second hand smoke at home was 61%. The most common reason for initiation was peer pressure. High prevalence of consumption of smokeless tobacco was seen in unemployed and illiterate women.Conclusions: The prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption is higher among women in this study and this indicates the lack of awareness and the need for better strategies to reduce the burden.

Download Full-text

Arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402008000400006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 318-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Narda Téllez ◽

Natalia Aguilera ◽

Belkis Quiñónez ◽

Elizabeth Silva ◽

Luis Enrique González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Measure Concentration ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Glutamate Concentration ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Post Hoc

The objectives of this study were to determine arginine and glutamate levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adult chronic periodontitis patients versus periodontally healthy controls, and to compare two kinds of microdialysis probes: normal and U-shaped probes. The analysis of GCF components was developed to improve the diagnosis of periodontal disease (PD). Proteolysis in the periodontal tissues increases the concentration of amino acids (aa) in the GCF and the levels of these aa may reveal PD features and stages. GCF samples were collected by microdialysis in situ from 5 periodontally affected sites (probing depth >5 mm, clinical attachment loss >3 mm) in 14 adult chronic periodontitis patients and from 14 adult periodontally healthy controls. Capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to laser induced fluorescence detection was used to measure concentration of arginine and glutamate in the GCF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (?=0.05). Arginine concentration was increased (p<0.001) and glutamate concentration was decreased (p<0.001) in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls. There were no significant differences (p=0.069) between the normal and U-shaped probes. In conclusion, the increase of arginine and decrease of glutamate concentration in GCF were associated to the presence of periodontitis, and might be used as markers to recognize periodontally susceptible subjects as well as to evaluate the treatment course.

Download Full-text

Association between Chewable Tobacco Consumption and Oral Hygiene Habits on Periodontal Health

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i43b32531 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107-113

Author(s):

Moomal Memon ◽

Shazia Shaikh ◽

Muhammad Ilyas Siddiqui ◽

Sikander Munir Memon ◽

Aosaf Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

University Hospital ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Chewing Tobacco ◽

Health Maintenance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chewable Tobacco ◽

Oral Hygiene Habits

Aims: To determine the pattern of chewable tobacco habits, to assess the oral hygiene habits among patients visiting dental OPD and to determine the association of oral health maintenance and chewable tobacco with severity of periodontal disease. Study Design: It was a comparative cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Dental Outpatient Department, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad and Jamshoro for six months from 1st February 2020 to 31st July 2020. Methodology: A total of 362 subjects were selected by non-probability sampling technique. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect the data. Questionnaire forms was close and open ended. The investigator checked the patients, under the supervision of the OPD specialist and classified the periodontal health status. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS v.22) was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 362 subjects, (84.5%) male and (15.5%) females were included in the study with the mean age 34.9 and SD ± 11.7. A highly significant association was found between chewable tobacco consumption and oral hygiene habits on periodontal health (p=<0.001) and statistically significant difference was found between the scores of measure of probing depth and loss of attachment for male and females (p=<0.001). Conclusion: Periodontal diseases and poor oral hygiene have been diagnosed in all consumers of chewable tobacco. Usage of various types of chewing tobacco has been found to exacerbate the condition by developing pocket formation, bleeding on the probe, and inducing gingival recession as well.

Download Full-text

Medical and Periodontal Clinical Parameters in Patients at Different Levels of Chronic Renal Failure

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2017/9858073 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Caroline Perozini ◽

Gilson Fernandes Ruivo ◽

Lucilene Hernandes Ricardo ◽

Larissa Avance Pavesi ◽

Yeon Jung Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Early Stage ◽

Renal Involvement ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Systemic Health ◽

Different Levels

Aim. To assess the clinical periodontal and medical parameters in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) at different levels of renal disease.Background. CRF is a progressive and irreversible loss of renal function associated with a decline in the glomerular filtration rate. Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory disease affecting periodontal tissues that shows high prevalence in patients with CRF.Materials and Methods. 102 CRF patients were included and divided into an early stage group (EG), predialysis group (PDG), and hemodialysis group (HDG). The medical parameters were taken from the patients’ records.Results. Periodontal clinical condition differed among the CRF groups. Clinical attachment loss was greater in the HDG and PDG group compared to the EG (p=0.0364); the same was observed in the Plaque Index (p=0.0296); the others periodontal parameters did not show any differences. Ferritin levels were significantly higher in the HDG when compared to the EG and PGD (p<0.0001), and fibrinogen was higher in PDG compared with the others (p<0.0001); the triglycerides also showed higher values in the HDG compared with the other groups (p<0.0001).Conclusion. The patients with renal involvement should have a multidisciplinary approach to an improvement in their oral and systemic health.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the effect of smokeless tobacco on periodontal health and oral hygiene status

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1708696 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (01) ◽

pp. 052-056

Author(s):

Madhura Ramnath ◽

Nina Shenoy ◽

Reema M. Rao ◽

Roshni Jaiswal

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Gingival Recession ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Number Of Teeth ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Study Population ◽

Attachment Level

Abstract Background and objectives: Studies on effects of smokeless tobacco (ST) use on the periodontium are limited and have, received less attention. The aim of the present split mouth study is to evaluate the periodontal parameters and oral hygiene status of sites associated with smokeless tobacco (ST) placement and compares the corresponding parameters on the contralateral site, where smokeless tobacco is not placed (NST). Methods: Study population: 25 subjects were selected from A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore. Written informed consent was taken from all the participants. Oral cavity of each subject was divided into two sites Smokeless tobacco (ST) site and Non-smokeless tobacco (NST) site.Screening examination included: Clinical examination of ST keratosis: the location, size, and specific teeth adjacent to the ST keratosis were recorded. Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Gingival Index. Periodontal parameters-Probing depth (PD), Clinical attachment level, total number of teeth present in the mouth and number of teeth with attrition were recorded. Results: Of the 25 subjects, mean OHI-S and gingival index was 2.76 and 1.36 respectively. Mean clinical attachment level was 2.78 (p- <0.001), number of teeth with recession and attrition was 3.36 and 3.04 respectively, all in favour of the ST site. Interpretation and Conclusion: The smokeless tobacco site showed significantly greater gingival recession, attachment loss and periodontal deterioration when compared to nonsmokeless tobacco site.

Download Full-text

Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults: an updated analysis of data from 127 countries

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-020-01677-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kamran Siddiqi ◽

Scheherazade Husain ◽

Aishwarya Vidyasagaran ◽

Anne Readshaw ◽

Masuma Pervin Mishu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Global Burden Of Disease ◽

Global Burden

Download Full-text

DENTAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-5-22-28 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

Sultanshina A.R. ◽

Kabirova M.F. ◽

Bashirova T.V.

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Main Group ◽

Dental Status ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Destructive Processes

With diabetes, there is a violation of the microvasculature, a violation of the immune status, an increase in destructive processes in the bone tissue, which leads to the development and / or intensification of pathological processes. In the oral cavity, the most frequently diagnosed inflammatory periodontal diseases, chronic injuries of the oral mucosa (COP), recurrent aphthous stomatitis, COP candidiasis. The aim of our study was to study the dental status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A descriptive evaluative epidemiologically controlled, non-randomized study was conducted to determine the effect of type 2 diabetes on dental status. The main group (“case”) consisted of 68 patients with type 2 diabetes in the compensation phase (IA) and 56 patients in the subcompensation phase (IB). The comparison group included 60 patients without somatic pathology. All patients underwent a comprehensive dental examination, bacteriological and microscopic examination to identify fungi of the genus Candida. Results: in patients with subcompensated form of type 2 diabetes, there was an increase in the frequency of complaints of plaque on the tongue, burning sensation in the COP, dryness and changes in taste. Periodontal indices indicate that the patients of the main group have a high prevalence of inflammatory and destructive processes in the periodontal tissues (indices of PMA, KPI, Mullemann indices) with poor oral hygiene (OHI-S = 3.5 ± 0.4), which confirms the Friedman criterion (χ2 = 116.27; p = 0.0000) based on the calculation of Kendall's concordance coefficient (0.743). The diagnosis of oral mucosa candidiasis was confirmed in 74.6% of patients in the main group by bacteriological examination.

Download Full-text

Periodontal conditions of teeth presenting pathologic migration

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242004000400005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 301-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maurício Ribeiro Costa ◽

Karina Gonzales Silvério ◽

Carlos Rossa Júnior ◽

Joni Augusto Cirelli

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Frequent Type ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Periodontal Destruction

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the periodontal conditions of anterior teeth that presented pathologic migration in patients with chronic periodontitis and to compare periodontal destruction in migrated versus non-migrated teeth. The sample included 32 patients of both sexes (mean age: 46.0 ± 11.6 years) diagnosed with generalized chronic periodontitis and selected on the basis of the presence of pathologic migration in one or more anterior teeth. This migration was classified according to the following categories: facial flaring, diastema, proximal tilting, rotation or extrusion. The periodontal parameters recorded were clinical attachment loss (CAL) and percentage of radiographic bone loss (BL). Mean CAL of 5.50 ± 2.20 mm and mean BL of 41.90 ± 15.40% were found in 115 teeth assessed. The most frequent type of migration was facial flaring (34.80%), followed by diastema (27.00%). Extrusion was hardly observed in the sample (4.30%). However, greater severity of BL and CAL were observed in teeth with this type of migration (59.44% and 8.42 mm, respectively), and in teeth with facial flaring (45.17% of BL and 6.07 mm of CAL). Kruskal-Wallis test indicated that BL presented by teeth with extrusion or facial flaring was greater than that observed in rotated or tilted teeth (p < 0.05), while there was no difference between groups regarding CAL (p = 0.11). It was observed that anterior teeth with pathologic migration presented greater CAL and BL (5.1 mm and 40%) than non-migrated teeth (4.1 and 31%). The study indicated that the most prevalent kind of pathologic migration is facial flaring, which was associated to higher level of bone loss.

Download Full-text