scholarly journals A New Environmentally-Friendly System for Extracting Cellulose from Corn Straw: The Low Temperature Laccase System

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heming Song ◽  
Hongge Jia ◽  
Qingji Wang ◽  
Xinyi Zhao ◽  
Guoxing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time ◽  
New System

Corn straw is an agricultural waste. The system for extracting cellulose from corn straw at a high temperature has been widely reported by researchers. However, the system for extracting cellulose from corn straw at a low temperature has been rarely reported. In this paper, a new system for extracting cellulose from corn straw at a low temperature was reported for the first time. This new system is designated as the low temperature laccase system (LTLS). Cellulose was successfully extracted from corn straw by the LTLS, and the used solution could be recycled. Therefore, the low temperature laccase system is an environmentally-friendly system. The cellulose content in corn straw is 30–40%. The yield of cellulose extracted by LTLS was 33%. The obtained cellulose product was creamy white. The extracted cellulose samples were characterized by using infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetry (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results were consistent with that of standard cellulose. We confirmed that the LTLS extracted cellulose from corn straw with high purity.

scholarly journals Production of Acetyl Cellulose from Agricultural Waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 2725-2728
Author(s):  
S.D. Yuwono ◽  
D.A. Iryani ◽  
C. Gusti ◽  
Suharto ◽  
Buhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

In Indonesia especially in Lampung Province, there are a lot of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) as an organic material waste. OPEFB is relatively inexpensive lignocellulose material as raw material of cellulose acetate or acetyl cellulose. In a business to bigger added value out of these natural renewable materials, the production of the acetyl cellulose was performed well by the acetylation of cellulose from OPEFB using different methods. These were extensively characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that the acetyl cellulose resulted showed similar properties to cotton acetyl cellulose. Degree of substitution of the resultant acetyl cellulose from different methods was improved from 1.86 to 2.60.

Reichenbachite from Cornwall and Portugal

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (392) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. W. Braithwaite ◽  
G. Ryback
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
World Wide ◽  
British Isles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy is a rapid method of distinguishing between pseudomalachite and its polymorphs reichenbachite and ludjibaite. This technique, backed by X-ray diffraction has shown that a number of specimens labelled ‘pseudomalachite’ from Cornwall, in particular from Old Gunnislake mine, are of reichenbachite, thus identified for the first time from the British Isles. Reichenbachite has also been identified with pseudomalachite from Miguel Vacas mine, Vila Viçosa, Evora, Portugal. Identification of pseudomalachite from a number of other localities world-wide has been confirmed, and some specimens have been shown to be arsenatian.

scholarly journals Utilization of cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) twigs and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse agricultural waste for cellulose acetate production by environmentally friendly approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Maryana ◽  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Eka Triwahyuni ◽  
Oktaviani Oktaviani ◽  
Hafiizh Prasetia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the extraction of cellulose acetate (CA) from cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) twigs and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse using an environmentally friendly method. At first, cellulose was extracted from cajuput twigs (CT) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) through prehydrolysis followed by soda (NaOH) pulping and elementary chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching. Later, the extracted cellulose was acetylated using iodine (I) as a catalyst. The obtained CA was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. FTIR and NMR analysis proved the replacement of free OH (hydroxyl) groups by acetyl groups. The degree of substitution (DS) showed the acetylation capability of cellulose extracted from CT and SB as well. The cellulose diameter and its crystallinity index were measured by SEM and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal gravimetric analysis showed that CA extracted from CT and SB was thermal resistance. Therefore, CT and SB could be potential alternative resources for CA production using the mentioned method.

scholarly journals Низкотемпературный синтез стеклокерамики с кристаллитами YNbO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- : Eu-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=-

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
В.А. Кравец ◽  
Е.В. Иванова ◽  
К.Н. Орехова ◽  
Г.А. Гусев ◽  
В.В. Васькевич ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
First Time

The main purpose of this work was to carry out a low-temperature synthesis of glass ceramics containing YNbO4:Eu3+ crystallites and to study the structural and luminescent properties of the obtained samples. Within the framework of this work, the inclusions that crystallized under the conditions of low-temperature synthesis in the systems of SiO2-Na2O-K2O-Y2O3-Nb2O5-Eu2O3 (SiNaK) and B2O5-Na2O-Y2O3-Nb2O5-Eu2O3 (BNa) were investigated for the first time. It was shown that YNbO4: Eu3+ crystallized in both considered systems. In the SiNaK system the crystallization of SiO2 also occurred (quartz, crisstabolite, and tridymite) under the selected conditions. The BNa system proved to be the most promising for the synthesis of activated glass-ceramics with YNbO4, since the required crystallites crystallized only in ithis system. The luminescent properties of crystalline inclusions were investigated using the local cathodoluminescence technique. The composition and structure of glass ceramics were studied by electron-probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction phase analysis.

Incommensurate density modulation in a Na-rich plagioclase feldspar:Z-contrast imaging and single-crystal X-ray diffraction study

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Xu ◽  
Shiyun Jin ◽  
Bruce C. Noll
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Slow Cooling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Modulation ◽  
First Time

Plagioclase feldspars are the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Intermediate plagioclase feldspars commonly display incommensurately modulated or aperiodic structures.Z-contrast images show both Ca–Na ordering and density modulation. The local structure of lamellae domains hasI1-like symmetry. The neighboring lamellae domains are in an inversion twinning relationship. With a state-of-the-art X-ray diffraction unit, second-order satellite reflections (f-reflections) are observed for the first time in andesine (An45), a Na-riche-plagioclase. Thef-reflections indicate a structure with a density modulation which is close to a Ca-riche-plagioclase. The similarity between thise-andesine structure and previously solvede-labradorite structure is confirmed. Refinement of the structure shows density modulation of ∼ 7 mol % in compositional variation of the anorthite (An) component. The results fromZ-contrast imaging and low-temperature single X-ray diffraction (XRD) provide a structure consistent with density modulation. The discovery off-reflections in Na-riche-plagioclase extends the composition range ofe1 structure with density modulation to as low as at least An45, which is the lower end of the composition range of Bøggild intergrowth. The new result supports the loop-shaped solvus for Bøggild intergrowth, below which is a homogenous stable area fore1 structure in the phase diagram. The phase transition betweene2 structure without density modulation ande1 structure with density modulation should happen at low temperature. There is a change in modulation period accompanying the phase transition, as well as higher occupancy of Al in theT1o site. The andesine with density modulation also indicates extremely slow cooling of its host rock.

An Unusual Chain Structure of Decavanadates V10O28 Linked by Zn(en)2 Units

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Pang ◽  
Xin Meng ◽  
Huiyuan Ma ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Shaobin Li
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Structural Feature ◽  
Transition Metal Complexes ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
A Chain ◽  
First Time

A new decavanadate [Zn(en)2]3[V10O28] 5H2O (1), (en=ethylenediamine) has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It is a structural feature of compound 1 that each [V10O28]6- cluster provides four bridging oxygen atoms of two pairs of opposite [VO6] octahedra to graft four [Zn(en)2]2+ complexes, observed for the first time for the [V10O28]6- cluster. The resulting array represents the second example of a chain based on these decavanadates linked by transition metal complexes

Growth and Structure of Tungsten Carbide-Transition Metal Superlattices

1987 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Moustakas ◽  
J. Y. Koo ◽  
A. Ozekcin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nanoscale Range ◽  
Low Temperature Process

ABSTRACTSuperlattices between ceramic materials, such as tungsten carbide, and transition metals have been synthesized for the first time. The growth and structure of these superlattices were investigated by low angle X-ray diffraction and TEM lattice imaging and microdiffraction. The data show that the low temperature process of forming these two dimensional composites leads to unique crystal structures and morphology in the nanoscale range.

The Preparation, Physical Properties, and Structure of Oxotetrachloroaquorhenium(VI), ReOCl4(OH2)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1811-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Frais ◽  
C. J. L. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Full Matrix ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time

Oxotetrachloroaquorhenium(VI), ReOCl4•H2O, has been prepared and characterized for the first time by analysis, infrared spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals were orthorhombic, a = 10.834(8), b = 11.089(8), c = 5.517(4) Å, Pn21a, Z = 4. Intensity data were recorded by integrating film methods and measured with a Joyce–Loebl microdensitometer, and 624 observable of the 704 measured independent reflections were given non-zero weight in the final cycle of full matrix least-squares refinement where R1 = 0.0572 and R2 = 0.0687. The molecular structure is based on a very distorted octahedron with a strongly bonded oxo-group (Re—O, 1.63(2) Å) trans (177(2)°) to a weakly bonded aquo-group (Re—O, 2.27 (2) Å). The Re—Cl distances do not differ significantly (2.29(1) Å av). The chlorine atoms are bent away from the oxo-group (angles vary from (94–102°(1)).

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