Fatigue-Induced Evolution of AISI 310S Steel Microstructure after Electron Beam Treatment

Research was carried out to explore the effect of pulsed electron beam irradiation on the behavior of structure and phase state in AISI 310S steel exposed to high-cycle fatigue. A 2.2 times increase in the fatigue life of samples irradiated by electron beams was revealed. The outcomes of scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies suggest the most probable reason for the fracture of steel samples irradiated by a high-intensity electron beam to be microcraters originating on a treated surface and acting as stress risers initiating the propagation of microcracks. The irradiation with a pulsed electron beam causes extremely fast melting of the surface. As a result of the subsequent rapid crystallization, a polycrystalline structure nearly twice as small as an average grain in the untreated steel is formed. Since a surface layer crystallizes rapidly, crystallization cells ranging from 120 to 170 nm develop in the volume of grains. The fatigue testing is shown to be associated with a martensite transformation γ ⇒ ε in the surface layer. One option to intensify a fatigue life increase of the steel in focus is supposed to be the neutralization of crater-forming on a surface treated by electron beams.

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Pulsed Electron Beam Melting of Fe

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-4-407 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Knapp ◽

D. M. Follstaedt

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Electron Beam Melting ◽

Electron Beams ◽

Sample Surface ◽

Pulse Treatment ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam ◽

Density Of Dislocations ◽

Slip Traces

ABSTRACTPulsed (50 nsec) electron beams with deposited energies of 1.1 2.4 J/cm2 have been used to rapidly melt a surface layer of Fe. Calculations show that this range of energies produces melt depths from 0.4–1.2 μm and melt times of 100–500 nsec. Optical microscopy and SEM of pulse treated polycrystalline foils show slip traces, as well as a general smoothing of surface features which shows that melting has occurred. TEM shows that the resolidified material is bcc, and that the material within a grain is epitaxial with the substrate. TEM also shows slip traces of {110} planes, as well as a high density of dislocations, both extended and loop. At the highest energy, subgrain boundaries are observed. Some samples were implanted with 1×1016 Sn/cm2 at 150 keV. After pulse treatment, the Sn depth profile was observed to have broadened, consistent with liquid phase diffusion. The Sn had the unexpected effect of suppressing slip at the sample surface.

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Improvements of glycol methacrylate. I. Its use as an embedding medium for electron microscopic studies.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/25.3.839061 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 163-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R C Spaur ◽

G C Moriarty

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Glycol Methacrylate ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Tissue Morphology ◽

Methacrylate Monomer ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Embedding Medium

The technique for using the water-soluble embedding medium glycol methacrylate has been improved for ultrastructural studies by the simplification of the method of formation of prepolymers used in embedding the tissue, by the addition of a cross-linking agent so that sections are stable in the electron beam, and by improving the softness of the blocks by the addition of a plasticizing agent. The preservation of tissue morphology has been improved by complete dehydration in glycol methacrylate monomer prior to infiltration with the prepolymer. Preservations of tissue morphology is further enhanced by complete dehydration in ethanols and embedding in the improved glycol methacrylate medium.

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A Study of Electrically Active Defects Induced by Pulsed Electron Beam Annealing In (100) N-Type Virgin Silicon

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-35-287 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.S. Doghmane ◽

D. Barbier ◽

A. Laugier

Keyword(s):

Surface Layer ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Schottky Contacts ◽

Probable Mechanism ◽

Electron Trap ◽

Melting Layer ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam ◽

Depth Profiles ◽

Electron Beam Pulse

ABSTRACTAu/Si Schottky contacts have been used as test structures to investigate defects induced in virgin C.Z (100) N-type silicon after irradiation with a 12 to 20 KeV mean energy electron beam pulse. A thin and highly damaged surface layer was observed from a fluence threshold of 1 J/cm2. In addition electron traps were detected in the PEBA induced melting layer with concentrations in the 1012-1013 cm-3 range. Their depth profiles have been related to the PEBA induced melting layer thickness. Quenching of multidefect complexes is the most probable mechanism for electron trap generation in the processed layer.

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The structure and phase condition's evolution in the silicon carbide ceramics surface layer under the electron-beam treatment

NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES) ◽

10.17073/1683-4518-2018-6-24-28 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Yu. F. Ivanov ◽

O. L. Khasanov ◽

M. S. Petyukevich ◽

V. V. Polisadova ◽

Z. G. Bikbaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silicon Carbide ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Electron Beam Treatment ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam ◽

Sic Ceramics ◽

Treatment Conditions ◽

Carbide Ceramics ◽

Silicon Carbide Ceramics ◽

Beam Characteristics

The elemental constituents, phase composition and substructural evolution were investigated in the article in the silicon carbide ceramics surface layer which was subjected to the intense pulsed electron beam the density of the electron beam being varied. It was shown that the ceramic layer surface's structure and phase conditions were controlled by the electron beam characteristics. The SiC-ceramics surface layer nanostructuring was detected and the electron beam treatment conditions which lead to this effect were defined.

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Microstructure Analysis of HPb59-1 Brass Induced by High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2015-0030 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 715-721

Author(s):

Jike Lyu ◽

Bo Gao ◽

Liang Hu ◽

Shuaidan Lu ◽

Ganfeng Tu

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Surface Properties ◽

Microstructure Evolution ◽

High Current ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam ◽

Β Phase ◽

Nanocrystalline Structures ◽

Two Phases

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) on the microstructure evolution of casting HPb59-1 (Cu 57.1 mass%, Pb 1.7 mass% and Zn balance) alloy were investigated. The results showed a “wavy” surface which was formed with Pb element existing in the forms of stacking block and microparticles on the top surface layer after treatment. Nanocrystalline structures including Pb grains and two phases (α and β) were formed on the top remelted layer and their sizes were all less than 100 nm. The disordered β phase was generated in the surface layer after HCPEB treatment, which is beneficial for the improvement of surface properties. Meanwhile, there was a large residual stress on the alloy surface, along with the appearance of microcracks, and the preferred orientations of grains also changed.

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Surface Treatment of Materials with High Current Pulsed Electron Beam

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3959 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 475-479 ◽

pp. 3959-3962 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sheng Zhi Hao ◽

B. Gao ◽

Ai Min Wu ◽

Jian Xin Zou ◽

Ying Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Short Pulse ◽

Research Work ◽

High Current ◽

Near Surface ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam ◽

Dynamic Stress Field

High current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) is now becoming a promising energetic source for the surface treatment of materials. When the concentrated electron flux transferring its energy into a very thin surface layer within a short pulse time, superfast processes such as heating, melting, evaporation and consequent solidification, as well as dynamic stress field induced by an abrupt thermal distribution in the interactive zone impart surface layer with improved physicochemical and mechanical properties. The present paper reports mainly our experimental research work on this new-style technique. Investigations performed with a variety of constructional materials (aluminum, carbon and mold steel, magnesium alloys) have shown that the most pronounced changes of composition, microstructure and properties occur in the near-surface layers, while the thickness of the modified layer with improved mechanical properties (several hundreds of micrometers) is significantly greater than that of the heat-affected zone due to the propagation of stress wave. The surfaces treated with either simply several pulses of bombardment or complex techniques, such as rapid alloying by HCPEB can exhibit improved mechanical and physicochemical properties to some extent.

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Multi-cycle of AISI 5135 steel modification by irradiation of the “film (Si (0.2 μm) + Nb (0.2 μm))/(AISI 5135 steel) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2064 (1) ◽

pp. 012041

Author(s):

N N Koval ◽

Yu F Ivanov ◽

V V Shugurov ◽

A D Teresov ◽

E A Petrikova

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Electron Beam ◽

High Speed ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

High Hardness ◽

High Strength ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam ◽

Impact Area ◽

Steel Aisi

Abstract Steel AISI 5135 surface layer modification carried out by high-cycle high-speed melting of the “film (Si + Nb)/(steel AISI 5135) substrate” system with an intense pulsed electron beam with an impact area of several square centimeters, have been implemented in a single vacuum cycle on the “COMPLEX” setup. The regime of the system “film (Si (0.2 μm) + Nb (0.2 μm))/(steel AISI 5135) substrate” irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam (20 J/cm2, 200 μs, 3 pulses, 3 cycles) which makes it possible to form a surface layer with high thermal stability have been revealed. This layer is characterized by high hardness, more than 3 times higher than the hardness of AISI 5135 steel in the original (ferrite-pearlite structure) and wear resistance, more than 90 times higher than the wear resistance of the initial AISI 5135 steel. It is shown that the high strength and tribological properties of steel are due to the formation of the hardening phase particles (niobium silicide of Nb5Si3 composition).

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Structure and properties of high-chromium steel irradiated with a pulsed electron beam and nitrided in a low-pressure gas discharge plasma

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2064 (1) ◽

pp. 012043

Author(s):

Y Ivanov ◽

E Petrikova ◽

A Teresov ◽

S Lykov ◽

O Tolkachev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Electron Beam ◽

Low Pressure ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Gas Discharge ◽

Iron Nitride ◽

Complex Method ◽

Two Phase ◽

Pulsed Electron Beam

Abstract Ion-plasma saturation of the surface of machine parts and mechanisms with gas elements (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon) is currently one of the most effective and widely used methods of surface hardening of metal products for various purposes in the industry of developed countries. The aim of this research is to develop a complex method for modifying the surface layer of AISI 310 steel, combining irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam and subsequent nitriding in the plasma of a low-pressure gas discharge. As a result of the studies performed, the optimal parameters of modification were revealed, which make it possible to increase the hardness of the surface layer of steel by more than 11 times, relative to the hardness of the initial material, and 8 times, relative to the hardness of steel irradiated with a pulsed electron beam. In this case, the wear resistance of the steel exceeds the wear resistance of the original and irradiated material by more than 100 times. It has been established that the high strength and tribological properties of the modified steel are due to the formation of a two-phase (iron nitride and chromium nitride) layered nanoscale structure in the surface layer.

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