scholarly journals Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surface Fabrication for Innovative Cranial and Maxillofacial Surgery

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5391
Author(s):  
Simona Cavalu ◽  
Iulian Vasile Antoniac ◽  
Aurel Mohan ◽  
Florian Bodog ◽  
Cristian Doicin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Cranial Implant ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Surface Fabrication ◽  
Modification Of Titanium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A novel strategy to improve the success of soft and hard tissue integration of titanium implants is the use of nanoparticles coatings made from basically any type of biocompatible substance, which can advantageously enhance the properties of the material, as compared to its similar bulk material. So, most of the physical methods approaches involve the compaction of nanoparticles versus micron-level particles to yield surfaces with nanoscale grain boundaries, simultaneously preserving the chemistry of the surface among different topographies. At the same time, nanoparticles have been known as one of the most effective antibacterial agents and can be used as effective growth inhibitors of various microorganisms as an alternative to antibiotics. In this paper, based on literature research, we present a comprehensive review of the mechanical, physical, and chemical methods for creating nano-structured titanium surfaces along with the main nanoparticles used for the surface modification of titanium implants, the fabrication methods, their main features, and the purpose of use. We also present two patented solutions which involve nanoparticles to be used in cranioplasty, i.e., a cranial endoprosthesis with a sliding system to repair the traumatic defects of the skull, and a cranial implant based on titanium mesh with osteointegrating structures and functional nanoparticles. The main outcomes of the patented solutions are: (a) a novel geometry of the implant that allow both flexible adaptation of the implant to the specific anatomy of the patient and the promotion of regeneration of the bone tissue; (b) porous structure and favorable geometry for the absorption of impregnated active substances and cells proliferation; (c) the new implant model fit 100% on the structure of the cranial defect without inducing mechanical stress; (d) allows all kinds of radiological examinations and rapid osteointegration, along with the patient recover in a shorter time.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and Characterisation of Robot Assisted Microplasma Multilayer Coating of Titanium Implants : Biocompatible coatings for medical implants with improved density and crystallinity

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Alontseva ◽  
E. Ghassemieh ◽  
S. Voinarovych ◽  
O. Kyslytsia ◽  
Y. Polovetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Tissue Integration

This study focuses on new technologies for the production of medical implants using a combination of robotics and microplasma coatings. This involves robot assisted microplasma spraying (MPS) of a multilayer surface structure on a biomedical implant. The robot motion design provides a consistent and customised plasma coating operation. Based on the analytical model results, certain spraying modes were chosen to form the optimised composition and structure of the titanium/hydroxyapatite (HA) multilayer coatings. It is desirable that the Ti coated lower layer offer a dense layer to provide the implant with suitable structural integrity and the Ti porous layer and HA top layer present biocompatible layers which are suitable for implant and tissue integration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyse the structure of the coatings. The new robot assisted MPS technique resulting from this research provides a promising solution for medical implant technology.

scholarly journals Selected Physicochemical Properties of Diamond Like Carbon (DLC) Coating on Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy Used for Blood Contacting Implants

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5077
Author(s):  
Magdalena Antonowicz ◽  
Roksana Kurpanik ◽  
Witold Walke ◽  
Marcin Basiaga ◽  
Jozef Sondor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Dlc Coating ◽  
13Zr Alloy ◽  
Artificial Plasma ◽  
Modification Of Titanium

Despite high interest in the issues of hemocompatibility of titanium implants, particularly those made of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy, the applied methods of surface modification still do not always guarantee the physicochemical properties required for their safe operation. The factors that reduce the efficiency of the application of titanium alloys in the treatment of conditions of the cardiovascular system include blood coagulation and fibrous proliferation within the vessel’s internal walls. They result from their surfaces’ physicochemical properties not being fully adapted to the specifics of the circulatory system. Until now, the generation and development mechanics of these adverse processes are not fully known. Thus, the fundamental problem in this work is to determine the correlation between the physicochemical properties of the diamond like carbon (DLC) coating (shaped by the technological conditions of the process) applied onto the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy designed for contact with blood and its hemocompatibility. In the paper, microscopic metallographic, surface roughness, wettability, free surface energy, hardness, coating adhesion to the substrate, impendence, and potentiodynamic studies in artificial plasma were carried out. The surface layer with the DLC coating ensures the required surface roughness and hydrophobic character and sufficient pitting corrosion resistance in artificial plasma. On the other hand, the proposed CrN interlayer results in better adhesion of the coating to the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. This type of coating is an alternative to the modification of titanium alloy surfaces using various elements to improve the blood environment’s hemocompatibility.

scholarly journals Ceramic 3D-Printed Titanium Cranioplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Maurice Y. Mommaerts ◽  
Paul R. Depauw ◽  
Erik Nout
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Cranial Implant ◽  
3D Printed

Study Design: Inlay cranioplasties following partial craniectomy in tumor or trauma cases and onlay cranioplasties for reconstructions of residual developmental skull anomalies are frequently performed using CAD-CAM techniques. Objective: In this case series, we present a novel cranial implant design, being a combination of 3D-printed titanium grade 23 and calcium phosphate paste (CeTi). Methods: The titanium patient-specific implant, manufactured using selective laser melting, has a latticed border with interconnected micropores. The cranioplasty is miniscrew fixed and its border zone subsequently partially filled with calcium phosphate paste to promote osteoinduction and osteoconduction. From April 2017 to April 2019, 8 patients have been treated with such a CeTi implant. The inlay cranioplasties were each time revision surgeries of complicated cases. Results: All implants were successful after a limited follow-up time (range 18-42 months). There were no dehiscences and no infections, and no complaints of thermal conduction. Conclusions: The proposed CeTi cranial implant combines the strength of titanium implants with the biological integration potential of ceramic implants and seems particularly resistant to infection, probably due to the biofunctionalized titanium surface and the antimicrobial activity of elevated intracellular free calcium levels.

scholarly journals Clinical Longevity of Zirconia Implants with the Focus on Biomechanical and Biological Outcome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-351
Author(s):  
Ralf-Joachim Kohal ◽  
David K. Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Zirconia Ceramic ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Meta Review ◽  
Ceramic Implants ◽  
Zirconia Implants

Abstract Purpose of Review The goal of the present review is to update the reader on the scientific background of zirconia ceramic implants. Clinical investigations using zirconia ceramic implants over the last couple of years have brought up some new developments and questions. Can we be confident in placing zirconia ceramic implants given the recently published data? Is there a difference in the application of one- and two-piece implants? Recent Findings Systematic reviews on preclinical investigations of zirconia implants revealed that one-piece zirconia implants (> 4 mm) are sufficiently stable for clinical use. The same is true for some clinically available two-piece implant systems. Osseointegration and soft tissue integration are, according to the reviews, similar between titanium and zirconia implants with similar surface topographies. Regarding the clinical outcome, a meta-review exists evaluating systematic reviews. The findings of the systematic reviews and the meta-review are that there are good short-term clinical results for one-piece zirconia implants. However, the data for two-piece implants is not robust. Summary In certain applications (single tooth restorations and small bridges), the results of zirconia implants are comparable with titanium implants in short-term studies. Some mid-term investigations support the short-term results. However, according to the current scientific data available, zirconia implants cannot yet be considered an alternative to titanium implants because there are many areas where there is a lack of clinical studies on zirconia implants. Currently, they are an addendum to the titanium implant armamentarium for situations where they are useful (patient request, known hypersensitivity to titanium, or questions of esthetics when titanium might appear inappropriate for a certain situation/condition), but long-term studies are needed. Without a doubt, there is a need for two-piece zirconia implants, but limited research exists to support their clinical use at the moment.

scholarly journals Antibacterial surface modification of titanium implants in orthopaedics

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 204173141878983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wich Orapiriyakul ◽  
Peter S Young ◽  
Laila Damiati ◽  
Penelope M Tsimbouri
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Implant Design ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Bacterial Interaction ◽  
Biomaterial Surface ◽  
Antibacterial Surface ◽  
Production Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Modification Of Titanium ◽  
Review Current

The use of biomaterials in orthopaedics for joint replacement, fracture healing and bone regeneration is a rapidly expanding field. Infection of these biomaterials is a major healthcare burden, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the cost to healthcare systems is increasing dramatically. With advances in implant design and production, research has predominately focussed on osseointegration; however, modification of implant material, surface topography and chemistry can also provide antibacterial activity. With the increasing burden of infection, it is vitally important that we consider the bacterial interaction with the biomaterial and the host when designing and manufacturing future implants. During this review, we will elucidate the interaction between patient, biomaterial surface and bacteria. We aim to review current and developing surface modifications with a view towards antibacterial orthopaedic implants for clinical applications.

Controlled implant/soft tissue interaction by nanoscale surface modifications of 3D porous titanium implants

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 9908-9918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Rieger ◽  
Agnès Dupret-Bories ◽  
Laetitia Salou ◽  
Marie-Helene Metz-Boutigue ◽  
Pierre Layrolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Soft Tissue Response ◽  
Modification Of Titanium

Nanoscale surface modification of titanium microbeads can control the soft tissue response in vitro and in vivo.

Characterization of Anatase Phase on Calcinated Titanium-V Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Hamilton ◽  
A. Butt ◽  
S. Patel ◽  
C. Sukotjo ◽  
C.G. Takoudis
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Thermal Oxidation ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Tio2 Layer ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Modification Of Titanium

Surface modification of titanium implants has been a large focus of recent research. Thermal oxidation is a technique used to diffuse oxygen into the surface of a material to form an oxide layer. By varying the temperature of thermal oxidation, the crystal structure of the TiO2 layer can be changed from anatase to rutile in the range 300 to 600 °C. The crystal structure of anatase has been shown to resemble hydroxyapatite, a mineral that is involved in bone growth. FTIR, an Ellipsometer, and a Geoniometer are used to analyse the anatase concentrations created at 24, 300, 375, and 450 °C. It was found that hydrophilicity increases on rough samples as oxidation temperature increases. Also, a peak shift from anatase to rutile is seen as annealing temperatures increase in the range of 300 to 600 °C. Greater relative anatase formation is seen at 300 and 375 °C. The shift to rutile begins to occur at 450 °C and continues to 600 °C.

scholarly journals Features of Bone Regeneration of the Jaws Alveolar Ridge Using Hydroxyapatite-Based Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
A. Y. Drobyshev ◽  
N. A. Redko ◽  
E. G. Sviridov ◽  
R. V. Deev
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Regeneration Of Bone Tissue ◽  
The Stability

Background. Currently, using of osteointegrated titanium implants has become a key component for restoring lost function in various areas of clinical medicine. The actual issue remains preservation or reconstruction of bone tissue for optimal use of titanium implants in traumatology and orthopedics, as well as in maxillofacial surgery. One of the most common grafts are hydroxyapatite-based material with various inclusions, for example, an antibiotic.The aim of the study is to characterize the regeneration of bone tissue of the jaws alveolar ridge using the hydroxyapatite-based material “Collapan-L” in clinical practice.Material and Methods. The study of the material “Collapan-L” (Intermedapatit, Russia) using involved 30 patients with a diagnosis “chronic periodontitis of the tooth”. Patients underwent complex surgical and orthopedic treatment to restore masticatory function. At the first stage, teeth were removed with the “Collapan-L” material used to preserve the alveolus. 4 months after extraction, dental implantation was performed with simultaneous trephine biopsy from the augmentation zone for histomorphometric analysis. At the stage of implant placement and before prosthetics the stability dynamics was measured.Results. The study involved 42 tissue samples obtained at periods from 9 to 32 weeks after removal. The morphological assessment of bone tissue from the implantation zone determined that after 4 months trabeculae from the newly formed bone, including small fragments of biomaterial, were revealed; at the same time, there were signs of biodegradation of the implanted material fragments, there was no inflammatory infiltrate. After 6 months in a significant part of cases the granules of bone material were not found, which indicates a pronounced osseointegration of the material. In its structure, the formed bone tissue differences barely noticeable from the native one, which allows us to conclude that by the time of 24 weeks, the processes of reparative osteogenesis in the alveolus are completed.Conclusion. Histological examination and assessment of changes in the stability showed that using of bone replacement material after tooth extraction can increase the regenerative potential of bone tissue, avoid additional surgical interventions to increase the volume of bone tissue in the area of future implantation, and the formed bone tissue is close in its structure to the native one.

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