scholarly journals Investigation of the Dendritic Structure Influence on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties Diversification of the Continuously Casted Copper Strand

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5513
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Zasadzińska ◽  
Tadeusz Knych ◽  
Beata Smyrak ◽  
Paweł Strzępek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Force ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Tensile Direction ◽  
Continuous Casting Mould

The properties of copper in its solid state are strongly affected by the crystallization conditions of the liquid material. ETP grade copper (Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper) contains oxygen, which causes Cu2O oxide to crystallize in the interdendritic spaces during solidification process which due to the shape of continuous casting mould and the feed of liquid copper during the crystallization process in strand casting might cause a high risk of macrosegregation of oxygen in the copper structure. In the current paper the implied interactions of the dendritic structure of the copper strand in terms of homogeneity at the cross-section of its electrical, mechanical and plastic properties determined based on the samples taken parallelly and perpendicularly to the surface of the dendritic boundaries were analysed. The obtained results were confronted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fractures formed during uniaxial tensile test. It has been observed that when the crystallites were arranged perpendicularly to the tensile direction the yield strength (YS) was lower and the fractures were brittle. On the other hand, when the crystallites were arranged parallelly to the tensile direction the fractures were plastic and elongated necking was observed along with the higher YS and total elongation values. The differences in values vary in terms of the applied direction of the tensile force. A characteristic positioning of the Cu2O oxide particles inside the fracture depending on the crystallite alignment and the direction of the applied tensile force has been observed.

Systematic Experimental Investigation of Dielectric Electroactive Polymers Using a Custom-Built Uniaxial Tensile Test Rig

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micah Hodgins ◽  
Alexander York ◽  
Stefan Seelecke
Keyword(s):  
Pure Shear ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Geometry Test

This work presents the design, fabrication and testing of a comprehensive DEAP test station. The tester is designed to perform tensile tests of planar DEAPs while measuring quantities such as tensile force, stretch, film thickness and voltage/current. The work details the specimen preparation and how the specimen is placed in the clamps. While the assembly process is performed by hand features were built-in to the design of the specimen frame and clamps to enable reliable placement and specimen geometry. Test results of the pure-shear specimen demonstrated good performance of the testing device. Although the electrode surface was rough the thickness stretch was evident during the stretching/actuation of the DEAP actuator.

Studies on Post-Yield Behavior of Cortical Bone

2012 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. Sharma ◽  
J. Nayak ◽  
D.K. Sehgal ◽  
R.K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Yield Behavior ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Hierarchical Assembly ◽  
Plastic Modulus ◽  
Stiffness Loss

Complex hierarchical assembly and presence of large amount of organics and water content are responsible for enough amount of plasticity in bone material. Plastic properties are not only important to assess the various changes and fracture risk in bone but also for the development of better bone implants and joint replacements. The present study is focused on the post-yield behavior of cortical bone. The plastic properties of goat femoral and tibiae cortical bone were assessed and compared in terms of plastic modulus (H), tangent modulus (Et), plastic work (Wp) and plastic strain (εp) using uniaxial tensile test. Both femoral and tibiae cortical bone were found to be having similar post-yield behavior and significant stiffness loss was observed in both the bones during plastic deformation. The value of plastic modulus for femoral cortical bone was found to be 1.2 times higher as compared to the corresponding value for tibiae cortical bone. This shows higher hardening rate for femoral cortical bone. It was also observed that femoral bone requires higher energy during plastic deformation until fracture as compared to tibiae cortical bone.

Simulation of the Lattice Strains Developed during a Tensile Test on a Multiphase Steel

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 1627-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Delannay ◽  
M. Melchior ◽  
Pascal J. Jacques ◽  
Paul van Houtte
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Crystal Plasticity ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Element Mesh ◽  
Tensile Direction ◽  
Lattice Strains ◽  
Crystal Plasticity Theory ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Multiphase Steel

This work investigates the micro-mechanics of a multiphase steel sheet during a uniaxial tensile test. Based on crystal plasticity theory, one assesses how the distribution of strain and stress is influenced by the presence of a soft b.c.c. phase and a strong f.c.c. phase. The two phases have been characterized by neutron diffraction. Initial textures are used as input in crystal plasticity simulations. Lattice strains measured in the tensile direction serve to fit hardening parameters. Three modeling hypotheses are tested: the Taylor model assumes uniform strain, the ALAMEL model considers the interaction of pairs of adjacent grains, and a finite element mesh is used to distribute strain and stress over the complete aggregate. The accuracy of each modeling is evaluated based on experimental measurements of the macroscopic stress, the heterogeneity of plastic strain, and the texture development in the two phases.

Effect of Quenching Temperature on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Boron-Nickel-Added Nb-Treated HSLA H-Beams

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Wang Xiao ◽  
Zuo Cheng Wang ◽  
Xie Bin Wang ◽  
Xian Da Li ◽  
Jun Qing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Toughness ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties

To lower the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of Nb-treated HSLA H-beams further, boron-nickel-added Nb-treated HSLA H-beams were tempered after they were quenched at 870, 910 and 950°C respectively. Microstructures and mechanical properties, especially low temperature toughness of the experimental steels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), uniaxial tensile test and Charpy impact test (V-notch). The results indicate that the FATTs of quenched & tempered specimens are all below -70С and that of some specimens is even below -90°С . Tensile strength of all quenched & tempered steels and their total elongation value are above 570 MPa and 21 % respectively. It can be seen that dual-phase microstructure of ferrite and tempered martensite in steels leads to the best low temperature toughness, and carbides along grain boundaries are beneficial to low temperature toughness.

scholarly journals Punching test for estimating tensile strength and total elongation of steel sheets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naotaka Nakamura ◽  
Ken-ichiro Mori ◽  
Hiroki Okada ◽  
Yohei Abe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Sheared Edge

AbstractA punching test for simply estimating the tensile strength and total elongation of steel sheets and formed parts was proposed. The tensile strength and total elongation were estimated from the shear stress at the maximum punching load and percentage of the burnished depth at the sheared edge of the slug measured without cutting, respectively. For a variety of steel sheets with a range of the tensile strength from 360 to 1500 MPa, linear functions for the estimation were experimentally obtained. The correlation of the estimated tensile strength of the steel sheets with the measured one from the uniaxial tensile test was considerably high, and the correlation of the estimated total elongation was high. The distributions of tensile strength and total elongation for hot- and cold-stamped parts were estimated. The proposed punching test is available under not only a laboratory environment but also a factory environment.

Method of Evaluation of the Properties of Thin Steel Sheets by Springback Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 919 ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
Emil Spišák ◽  
Janka Majerníková ◽  
Ľuboš Kaščák
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Test ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Double Reduction ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Thin Steel ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

Production of thin packaging sheets has gone through significant changes in recent years. Thickness of thin packaging sheets has decreased from 0.24mm down to 0.14 – 0.18mm due to the material saving, and the thickness of tin coating layer has decreased as well. Thin packaging sheets with the thickness lower than 0.18mm are produced with so called double reduction. Materials produced with this method possess higher strength properties and lower plastic properties. There exist several tests for examination of strength and plastic properties. Requirements of the processors of these sheets are that these tests are simple, without a complicated production of specimens, and easily repeatable. Exactly because of these reasons, the springback test is used for evaluation of double reduced packaging sheets by many processors from various countries. This contribution compares properties of double reduced thin packaging sheets obtained with the springback test, uniaxial tensile test and biaxial tensile test. Goal of this comparison is to objectify mechanical and plastic properties of packaging sheets obtained with the individual tests.

Investigation of knitted fabrics and the deformation of their assemblies by the Y-shaped specimen method

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (18) ◽  
pp. 2093-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Audzevičiūtė-Liutkienė ◽  
Vitalija Masteikaitė ◽  
Milda Jucienė ◽  
Virginija Sacevičienė ◽  
Vaida Dobilaitė
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Force ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Garment Fit ◽  
Performance Conditions ◽  
Textile Fabric ◽  
Angle Indicator

Textile fabric deformability during garment wear is a very important property as it influences performance conditions, the wearer’s comfort and the aesthetic view of the garment. Deformation of material in the garment depends on the clothing construction, anatomical features and physical activity of the wearer and garment fit. This paper presents an investigation of knitted fabrics and the deformation of their assembly peculiarities, considering the complex behavior of textile materials during wear using the Y-shaped specimen method. The fabric element partially experienced force affects in respective garment areas. In this case, several deformation types appear at the same type. In our research the special shaped specimen of form “Y” was used to performing the uniaxial tensile test to simulate this phenomenon. According to this method, longitudinal, transversal and angular characteristics describing the deformation of textile materials and their stitched systems were determined. It was found that after the extension indicator of angular deformation has changed the most, the amount of change reached up to 70%. In the Y-shaped knitted specimens, the seam significantly influences the size of the tensile force. Also, the changes of angle indicator, when the specimens are joined with seams, are obvious and reach 50%.

Deformation Behaviors of 6061 and 7075 Aluminum Tubes at Elevated Temperatures for Warm Hydroforming

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Dong Woo Suh ◽  
Sung Man Sohn ◽  
Moon Yong Lee ◽  
Sang Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Local Necking ◽  
Aluminum Tubes ◽  
Hydroforming Process ◽  
Deformation Behaviors ◽  
Warm Hydroforming

The deformation behaviors of fully annealed or T6-treated 6061 and 7075 aluminum tubes are investigated at elevated temperature using uniaxial tensile test. Fully annealed 6061 and 7075 tube, and T6-treated 7075 tube do not show sharp local necking with an elongation of 50% at tensile temperature of 300oC, accordingly, it is expected that warm hydroforming process can be applied. The increase of tensile temperature does not significantly affect the total elongation of T6-treated 6061 tube.

scholarly journals Study of Mechanical Properties and Microstructural behaviour of alpha- beta brass at elevated temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01146
Author(s):  
Bandhavi Challa ◽  
Seeram Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Alpha Beta

Deformation behaviour of metal can be analyzed by determining mechanical properties for optimizing workability. In the present investigation hot uniaxial tensile test for alpha - beta brass material have been performed by considering parameters like temperature (RT, 6000C and 7000C), strain rate (0.1/s, 0.01/s and 0.001/s) and orientation (RD, ND and TD). The various material properties such as ultimate tensile strength (σu), yield stress (σy), total elongation(%) have been evaluated over the range of temperatures, strain rates and orientation. It have been observed that changes in material properties with respect to temperature, strain rate than orientation. The material properties has been analyse the mechanical characteristics of the material. The fractured specimens at various temperatures are studied and analyzed the failure modes in the material using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). SEM study confirms carbides and shear band which indicate predominantly ductile fracture in all the cases.

Numerical Study of Mechanical Behaviour of Heterogeneous Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Rui M. Branco ◽  
Pedro Prates ◽  
Marta C. Oliveira ◽  
Nataliya A. Sakharova ◽  
J. Valdemar Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
The Difference

The mechanical behaviour of heterogeneous specimens under uniaxial tensile test is studied using finite element analysis. The difference between mechanical properties of adjacent regions in the heterogeneous specimen creates constraints which alter the strain path relatively to pure tension. A methodology for determining the local stress-strain curves is proposed and successfully tested numerically on the heterogeneous specimen composed by two materials with dissimilar plastic properties. This methodology has recourse to the same type of variables which are usually obtained experimentally with the digital image correlation technique.

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