Deformation Behaviors of 6061 and 7075 Aluminum Tubes at Elevated Temperatures for Warm Hydroforming

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 373-376
Author(s):  
Dong Woo Suh ◽  
Sung Man Sohn ◽  
Moon Yong Lee ◽  
Sang Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Local Necking ◽  
Aluminum Tubes ◽  
Hydroforming Process ◽  
Deformation Behaviors ◽  
Warm Hydroforming

The deformation behaviors of fully annealed or T6-treated 6061 and 7075 aluminum tubes are investigated at elevated temperature using uniaxial tensile test. Fully annealed 6061 and 7075 tube, and T6-treated 7075 tube do not show sharp local necking with an elongation of 50% at tensile temperature of 300oC, accordingly, it is expected that warm hydroforming process can be applied. The increase of tensile temperature does not significantly affect the total elongation of T6-treated 6061 tube.

scholarly journals Cyclic Tension Test of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy at Elevated Temperature Realized in a Miniaturized Uniaxial Tensile Test Setup

2016 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Sebastian Suttner ◽  
Marion Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Hardening Behavior ◽  
Aluminum And Magnesium Alloys

The use of new materials, e.g. aluminum and magnesium alloys, in the automotive and aviation sector is becoming increasingly important to reach the global aim of reduced emissions. Especially magnesium alloys with their low density offer great potential for lightweight design. However, magnesium alloys are almost exclusively formable at elevated temperatures. Therefore, material characterization methods need to be developed for determining the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. In particular, cyclic tests at elevated temperatures are required to identify the isotropic-kinematic hardening behavior, which is important for numerically modeling the springback behavior. In this contribution, a characterization method for determining the cyclic behavior of the magnesium alloy AZ31B at an elevated temperature of 200 °C is presented. The setup consists of a miniaturized tensile specimen and stabilization plates to prevent buckling under compressive load. The temperature in the relevant area is introduced with the help of conductive heating. Moreover, the complex kinematic model according to Chaboche and Rousselier is identified, to map the transient hardening behavior of AZ31B after load reversal, which cannot be modeled with a single Bauschinger coefficient.

Experimental Investigation of Ti-6Al-4V with a Biaxial Tensile Test Setup at Elevated Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Sebastian Suttner ◽  
Adam Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Plastic Yielding ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Biaxial Tensile ◽  
Stress States

The requirement for products to reduce weight while maintaining strength is a major challenge to the development of new advanced materials. Especially in the field of human medicine or aviation and aeronautics new materials are needed to satisfy increasing demands. Therefore the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with its high specific strength and an outstanding corrosion resistance is used for high and reliable performance in sheet metal forming processes as well as in medical applications. Due to a meaningful and accurate numerical process design and to improve the prediction accuracy of the numerical model, advanced material characterization methods are required. To expand the formability and to skillfully use the advantage of Ti-6Al-4V, forming processes are performed at elevated temperatures. Thus the investigation of plastic yielding at different stress states and at an elevated temperature of 400°C is presented in this paper. For this reason biaxial tensile tests with a cruciform shaped specimen are realized at 400°C in addition to uniaxial tensile tests. Moreover the beginning of plastic yielding is analyzed in the first quadrant of the stress space with regard to complex material modeling.

Dynamic Behavior of Metals Under Tensile Impact—Part 1: Elevated Temperature Tests

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Tensile Impact ◽  
Wide Range

The mechanical behavior of metals subjected to uniaxial tensile impact at elevated temperatures is reported. Tests were conducted on annealed 1100 aluminum at 200, 350, 550, and 800 deg F; annealed 2024 aluminum at 200, 450, and 600 deg; and annealed C1010 steel at 430, 700, 1050, and 1400 deg F. The materials exhibit a wide range of dynamic behavior, including some in which the stress required to produce a given level of strain is significantly lowered by dynamic loading. The ratios of the dynamic ultimate stresses to the static are found to range from 0.71–6.0.

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Property and Forming Limit of Magnesium Sheet at Elevated Temperatures

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Huang ◽  
J. Huang ◽  
J. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Dome Height ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Magnesium Sheet

Magnesium alloy sheet has received increasing attention in automotive and aerospace industries. It is widely recognized that magnesium sheet has a poor formability at room temperature. While at elevated temperature, its formability can be dramatically improved. Most of work in the field has been working with the magnesium sheet after annealed around 350°C. In this paper, the as-received commercial magnesium sheet (AZ31B-H24) with thickness of 2mm has been experimentally studied without any special heat treatment. Uniaxial tensile tests at room temperature and elevated temperature were first conducted to have a better understanding of the material properties of magnesium sheet (AZ31B-H24). Then, limit dome height (LDH) tests were conducted to capture forming limits of magnesium sheet (AZ31B-H24) at elevated temperatures. An optical method has been introduced to obtain the stress-strain curve at elevated temperatures. Experimental results of the LDH tests were presented.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Dendritic Structure Influence on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties Diversification of the Continuously Casted Copper Strand

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5513
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Zasadzińska ◽  
Tadeusz Knych ◽  
Beata Smyrak ◽  
Paweł Strzępek
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Force ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Tensile Direction ◽  
Continuous Casting Mould

The properties of copper in its solid state are strongly affected by the crystallization conditions of the liquid material. ETP grade copper (Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper) contains oxygen, which causes Cu2O oxide to crystallize in the interdendritic spaces during solidification process which due to the shape of continuous casting mould and the feed of liquid copper during the crystallization process in strand casting might cause a high risk of macrosegregation of oxygen in the copper structure. In the current paper the implied interactions of the dendritic structure of the copper strand in terms of homogeneity at the cross-section of its electrical, mechanical and plastic properties determined based on the samples taken parallelly and perpendicularly to the surface of the dendritic boundaries were analysed. The obtained results were confronted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the fractures formed during uniaxial tensile test. It has been observed that when the crystallites were arranged perpendicularly to the tensile direction the yield strength (YS) was lower and the fractures were brittle. On the other hand, when the crystallites were arranged parallelly to the tensile direction the fractures were plastic and elongated necking was observed along with the higher YS and total elongation values. The differences in values vary in terms of the applied direction of the tensile force. A characteristic positioning of the Cu2O oxide particles inside the fracture depending on the crystallite alignment and the direction of the applied tensile force has been observed.

Effect of Quenching Temperature on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Boron-Nickel-Added Nb-Treated HSLA H-Beams

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Wang Xiao ◽  
Zuo Cheng Wang ◽  
Xie Bin Wang ◽  
Xian Da Li ◽  
Jun Qing Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature Toughness ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties

To lower the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) of Nb-treated HSLA H-beams further, boron-nickel-added Nb-treated HSLA H-beams were tempered after they were quenched at 870, 910 and 950°C respectively. Microstructures and mechanical properties, especially low temperature toughness of the experimental steels were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), uniaxial tensile test and Charpy impact test (V-notch). The results indicate that the FATTs of quenched & tempered specimens are all below -70С and that of some specimens is even below -90°С . Tensile strength of all quenched & tempered steels and their total elongation value are above 570 MPa and 21 % respectively. It can be seen that dual-phase microstructure of ferrite and tempered martensite in steels leads to the best low temperature toughness, and carbides along grain boundaries are beneficial to low temperature toughness.

scholarly journals Punching test for estimating tensile strength and total elongation of steel sheets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naotaka Nakamura ◽  
Ken-ichiro Mori ◽  
Hiroki Okada ◽  
Yohei Abe
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Sheared Edge

AbstractA punching test for simply estimating the tensile strength and total elongation of steel sheets and formed parts was proposed. The tensile strength and total elongation were estimated from the shear stress at the maximum punching load and percentage of the burnished depth at the sheared edge of the slug measured without cutting, respectively. For a variety of steel sheets with a range of the tensile strength from 360 to 1500 MPa, linear functions for the estimation were experimentally obtained. The correlation of the estimated tensile strength of the steel sheets with the measured one from the uniaxial tensile test was considerably high, and the correlation of the estimated total elongation was high. The distributions of tensile strength and total elongation for hot- and cold-stamped parts were estimated. The proposed punching test is available under not only a laboratory environment but also a factory environment.

Mechanical Response of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy on Deformation at Moderate Temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Hinnerk Hagenah ◽  
Markus Kaupper ◽  
Adam Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Specific Strength

Due to beneficial characteristics such as high specific strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility Ti-6Al-4V alloy has become the most important industrially produced titanium alloy during the last decades. Commonly used for aerospace technology and medical products, nowadays Ti-6Al-4V covers 50% of the worldwide produced titanium alloy parts. Different deformation operations as forging and casting as well as machining are used to shape titanium alloy components. For sheet metals, cost and time of fabrication can be reduced significantly via the near net shape technology sheet metal forming. Materials such as the α + β alloy Ti-6Al-4V with high yield stress and comparatively low elastic modules need to be formed at elevated temperatures to increase their formability. Numerical simulations are applied to calculate the forming behavior during the process and conclude the characteristics of the shaped part. Therefore in this paper the mechanical behavior of this titanium alloy is investigated by uniaxial tensile test within elevated temperatures ranging from 250 to 500 °C. Finally, the experimental results are adapted to models which predict the flow response in order to describe material behavior in finite element analysis of the forming process.

scholarly journals Elevated Temperature Tensile Creep Behavior of Aluminum Borate Whisker-Reinforced Aluminum Alloy Composites (ABOw/Al–12Si)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Yameng Ji ◽  
Yanpeng Yuan ◽  
Weizheng Zhang ◽  
Yunqing Xu ◽  
Yuwei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Unreinforced Alloy ◽  
The Matrix

In order to evaluate the elevated temperature creep performance of the ABOw/Al–12Si composite as a prospective piston crown material, the tensile creep behaviors and creep fracture mechanisms have been investigated in the temperatures range from 250 to 400 °C and the stress range from 50 to 230 MPa using a uniaxial tensile creep test. The creep experimental data can be explained by the creep constitutive equation with stress exponents of 4.03–6.02 and an apparent activation energy of 148.75 kJ/mol. The creep resistance of the ABOw/Al–12Si composite is immensely improved by three orders of magnitude, compared with the unreinforced alloy. The analysis of the ABOw/Al–12Si composite creep data revealed that dislocation climb is the main creep deformation mechanism. The values of the threshold stresses are 37.41, 25.85, and 17.36 at elevated temperatures of 300, 350 and 400 °C, respectively. A load transfer model was introduced to interpret the effect of whiskers on the creep rate of this composite. The creep test data are very close to the predicted values of the model. Finally, the fractographs of the specimens were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the fracture mechanisms of the composites at different temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the fracture characteristic of the ABOw/Al–12Si composite exhibited a macroscale brittle feature range from 300 to 400 °C, but a microscopically ductile fracture was observed at 400 °C. Additionally, at a low tensile creep temperature (300 °C), the plastic flow capacity of the matrix was poor, and the whisker was easy to crack and fracture. However, during tensile creep at a higher temperature (400 °C), the matrix was so softened that the whiskers were easily pulled out and interfacial debonding appeared.

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