Assessment of Titanate Nanolayers in Terms of Their Physicochemical and Biological Properties

The surface modification of titanium substrates and its alloys in order to improve their osseointegration properties is one of widely studied issues related to the design and production of modern orthopedic and dental implants. In this paper, we discuss the results concerning Ti6Al4V substrate surface modification by (a) alkaline treatment with a 7 M NaOH solution, and (b) production of a porous coating (anodic oxidation with the use of potential U = 5 V) and then treating its surface in the abovementioned alkaline solution. We compared the apatite-forming ability of unmodified and surface-modified titanium alloy in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1–4 weeks. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns of synthesized coatings allowed their structure characterization before and after immersing in SBF. The obtained nanolayers were studied using Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Elemental analysis was carried out using X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM EDX). Wettability and biointegration activity (on the basis of the degree of integration of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, L929 fibroblasts, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro on the sample surface) were also evaluated. The obtained results proved that the surfaces of Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V covered by TiO2 nanoporous coatings, which were modified by titanate layers, promote apatite formation in the environment of body fluids and possess optimal biointegration properties for fibroblasts and osteoblasts.

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Bone-like growth of hydroxyapatite in the biomimetic coating of Ti-6Al-4V alloy pretreated with protein at 25 °C

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2009.0250 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 2145-2153 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jui Chakraborty ◽

Matjaz Mazaj ◽

Renu Kapoor ◽

S. Pavana Gouri ◽

Nina Daneu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substrate Surface ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Physical Structure ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

X Ray ◽

Biomimetic Coating ◽

Periodic Replacement ◽

Nih 3T3

Commercial-grade dense Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate was mechanically roughened, cleaned, and treated with a globular protein [bovine serum albumin (BSA)] for 4 h. Biomimetic calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coating was applied onto the above-treated substrate by immersion into simulated body fluid (SBF) at 25 °C for a period of 4 days, with periodic replacement by freshly prepared SBF at 48-h intervals. After 4 days, branched micron-sized fibers of hydroxyapatite (HAp), resembling the structure of bone, were obtained, connecting the clusters of HAp crystal plates in the coating (thickness ∼200 μm) on the substrate surface. Structural and compositional characterization of the coating was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis unit (EDX) facility, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data. In vitro cytotoxicity (ISO 10993-5, 1999), cell adhesion assays, and phase contrast microscopy were performed using NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines to ascertain the bioactivity of the coated substrates, with and without protein treatment. Based on our study, we propose a correlation between a specific physical structure of the HAp coating and its biological properties.

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Effect of Sr on the Bioactivity of Sol-Gel Derived New Silicate Bioglass S55P4

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.613 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1010 ◽

pp. 613-619

Author(s):

Thet Swe Thet ◽

Hasmaliza M. Mohamad ◽

Khairul Anuar Shariff

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Low Crystalline ◽

Crystalline Peak ◽

Scanning Electron

Strontium (Sr) stimulates osteoblast and inhibits osteoclast activities in-vitro and is used clinically as a treatment for osteoporosis. In this research, the effect of Sr substitution on the apatite formation of sol-gel derived bioactive glass (BG) (55.90SiO2-1.72P2O5 -21.67Na2O - (20.69-x) CaO -x SrO) (x=0, 5 and 8 mol. %) were investigated. The synthesized Sr doped BG samples were treated in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) for 14 days to study the bioactivity. The achieved samples were evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). In XRD, the hydroxyapatite (HA) crystalline peak for 8% Sr-BG is less compared with others. When Sr amount is increased to 8%, the low crystalline peaks of HA were detected although the same soaking duration. FTIR spectra supported the delay precipitation of calcium phosphate (CaP), especially for the specimen containing 8% Sr. After 14 days soaking, SEM images confirmed the bioactivity of the synthesized samples by the formation of apatite on the glass surface.

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In Vitro Apatite Formation on Surface-Modified Titanium Coatings Prepared by Reactive Plasma Spraying

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.255 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 284-286 ◽

pp. 255-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Masahiko Inagaki ◽

Yoshiyuki Yokogawa ◽

Tetsuya Kameyama

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Plasma Spraying ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Gaseous Species ◽

X Ray ◽

Reactive Plasma Spraying ◽

Reactive Plasma ◽

Ti Particles ◽

Surface Modified

In vitro nucleation of apatite was studied over surface-modified Ti coatings prepared by reactive plasma spraying (RPS). An in-situ surface-modification of Ti particles is conducted by making use of plasma-enhanced reactions between the Ti particles and the reactive gaseous species in the plasma flame during plasma spraying. Surface-modified Ti coatings were deposited on Ti substrates by radio-frequency (rf)-RPS using a thermal plasma of Ar gas containing 1-6% N2 and/or 1-6% O2 at an input power of 16 kW. As a means of surface modification, Ti powders impregnated with 0.05-0.2 mol% Ca were also sprayed. Compositional changes in the coatings' surface after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thin film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD). The Ti coatings prepared with Ar-O2 and Ar-N2-O2 plasma formed apatite after 3 days of soaking in SBF. On the other hand, no compositional change was observed in the surface of the Ti coatings sprayed with Ar-N2 plasma, even after 7 days of soaking in SBF. In SBF tests, we observed a retardation of apatite deposition for the Ca-added Ti coatings prepared with Ar-O2 and Ar-N2-O2 plasmas. Analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the Ca impregnated in the RPS-Ti coatings formed a Ca-O compound.

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Gradient Chitosan Hydrogels Modified with Graphene Derivatives and Hydroxyapatite: Physiochemical Properties and Initial Cytocompatibility Evaluation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21144888 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (14) ◽

pp. 4888

Author(s):

Karolina Kosowska ◽

Patrycja Domalik-Pyzik ◽

Małgorzata Sekuła-Stryjewska ◽

Sylwia Noga ◽

Joanna Jagiełło ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Human Umbilical Cord ◽

Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽

X Ray ◽

Chitosan Matrix ◽

Graphene Derivatives

In this study, we investigated preparation of gradient chitosan-matrix hydrogels through a novel freezing–gelling–thawing method. The influence of three types of graphene family materials (GFM), i.e., graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and poly(ethylene glycol) grafted graphene oxide (GO-PEG), as well as hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the physicochemical and biological properties of the composite hydrogels was examined in view of their potential applicability as tissue engineering scaffolds. The substrates and the hydrogel samples were thoroughly characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, digital and scanning electron microscopy, rheological and mechanical analysis, in vitro chemical stability and bioactivity assays, as well as initial cytocompatibility evaluation with human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs). We followed the green-chemistry approach and avoided toxic cross-linking agents, using instead specific interactions of our polymer matrix with tannic acid, non-toxic physical cross-linker, and graphene derivatives. It was shown that the most promising are the gradient hydrogels modified with GO-PEG and HAp.

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A droplet reactor on a super-hydrophobic surface allows control and characterization of amyloid fibril growth

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-020-01187-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Peng Zhang ◽

Manola Moretti ◽

Marco Allione ◽

Yuansi Tian ◽

Javier Ordonez-Loza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amyloid Fibrils ◽

Hydrophobic Surface ◽

Light Sheet ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Structure Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

Light Sheet Microscopy ◽

Protein Fibrils ◽

Dynamics Simulations

AbstractMethods to produce protein amyloid fibrils, in vitro, and in situ structure characterization, are of primary importance in biology, medicine, and pharmacology. We first demonstrated the droplet on a super-hydrophobic substrate as the reactor to produce protein amyloid fibrils with real-time monitoring of the growth process by using combined light-sheet microscopy and thermal imaging. The molecular structures were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray scattering. We demonstrated that the convective flow induced by the temperature gradient of the sample is the main driving force in the growth of well-ordered protein fibrils. Particular attention was devoted to PHF6 peptide and full-length Tau441 protein to form amyloid fibrils. By a combined experimental with the molecular dynamics simulations, the conformational polymorphism of these amyloid fibrils were characterized. The study provided a feasible procedure to optimize the amyloid fibrils formation and characterizations of other types of proteins in future studies.

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Biological Properties of Ti-Nb-Zr-O Nanostructures Grown on Ti35Nb5Zr Alloy

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2012/834042 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhaohui Li ◽

Congqin Ning ◽

Dongyan Ding ◽

Hegang Liu ◽

Lin Huang

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Prolonged Release ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Release Process ◽

Oxide Nanostructures ◽

Implant Alloys

Surface modification of low modulus implant alloys with oxide nanostructures is one of the important ways to achieve favorable biological behaviors. In the present work, amorphous Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures were grown on a peak-aged Ti35Nb5Zr alloy through anodization. Biological properties of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures were investigated throughin vitrobioactivity testings, stem cell interactions, and drug release experiments. The Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures demonstrated a good capability of inducing apatite formation after immersion in simulated body fluids (SBFs). Drug delivery experiment based on gentamicin and the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures indicated that a high drug loading content could result in a prolonged release process and a higher quantity of drug residues in the oxide nanostructures after drug release. Quick stem cell adhesion and spreading, as well as fast formation of extracellular matrix materials on the surfaces of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructures, were found. These findings make it possible to further explore the biomedical applications of the Ti-Nb-Zr-O nanostructure modified alloys especially clinical operation of orthopaedics by utilizing the nanostructures-based drug-release system.

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Evaluation of surface modification techniques on the ability of apatite formation and corrosion behavior in synthetic body fluid: An in vitro study

Surfaces and Interfaces ◽

10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 100866

Author(s):

Cosmin M. Cotrut ◽

Ionut C. Ionescu ◽

Elena Ungureanu ◽

Andrei Berbecaru ◽

Raluca I. Zamfir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Body Fluid ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Surface Modification Techniques

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Efficacy of silver and gold nanoparticles obtained from vermiwash: In vitro study on antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v13i4.3036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1317-1325

Author(s):

Latha Rathinam ◽

S. P. Sevarkodiyone ◽

J. Pandiarajan

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Assay Method ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Vitro Effect

Emerging nanobiotechnology has provided innovative techniques to synthesize nanoparticles through biological methods to explore the potentialities of biological sources like phytoextracts, microbes, animal secretions and excretion. This research studies the potential of vermiwash to synthesize the silver and gold nanoparticles and evaluate its in vitro effect of antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities. The characterization of the nanoparticles was analyzed through various techniques. Ultraviolet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy showed the maximum absorption spectrum at 413 nm for silver and 541 nm for gold nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the reducing agent involved in nanoparticles synthesis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed the size of the silver and gold nanoparticles as 24 nm and 50 nm, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis revealed the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles that displayed the preferential orientation of the crystals toward the (111) plane. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the resazurin assay method. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 7.8 µg was observed in Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the antifungal activity, MIC at 250 µg was noted in Mucor sp. and Candida albicans. Antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. IC50 of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity of the silver nanoparticles was noted as 218 and 221 µg/mL, respectively. IC 50 value for the enzymatic assay dose-dependently confirmed the effect. Conclusively biosynthesized nanoparticles from vermiwash showed potential efficiency of antibacterial, antifungal and antidiabetic activities.

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Surface Modification of 316L SS Implants by Applying Bioglass/Gelatin/Polycaprolactone Composite Coatings for Biomedical Applications

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10121220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1220

Author(s):

Behzad Mojarad Shafiee ◽

Reza Torkaman ◽

Mohammad Mahmoudi ◽

Rahmatollah Emadi ◽

Maryam Derakhshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Viability ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

X Ray ◽

Vitro Test ◽

Mtt Tests ◽

Good Agreement

In this study, various composites of bioglass/gelatin/polycaprolactone (BG/GE/PCL) were produced and coated on the surface of 316L stainless steel (SS) to improve its bioactivity. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to characterize the specimens. The results showed that bioglass particles were distributed uniformly in the coating. By increasing the wt.% of bioglass in the nanocomposite coatings, the surface roughness and adhesion strength increased. The corrosion behavior of GE/PCL (PCL-10 wt.% gelatin coated on 316L SS) and 3BG/GE/PCL (GE/PCL including 3 wt.% bioglass coated on 316L SS) samples were studied in PBS solution. The results demonstrated that 3BG/GE/PCL sample improved the corrosion resistance drastically compared to the GE/PCL specimen. In vitro bioactivity of samples was examined after soaking the specimens for 7, 14 and 28 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results showed a significant apatite formation on the surface of 3BG/GE/PCL samples. The cell viability evaluation was performed using 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) tests which confirmed the enhanced cell viability on the surface of 3BG/GE/PCL samples. The in vivo behavior of specimens illustrated no toxicity and inflammatory response and was in a good agreement with the results obtained from the in vitro test.

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Porous hydroxyapatite ceramics coated with biomimetic peptides for induced osteogenesis

Materials Express ◽

10.1166/mex.2020.1764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1524-1530

Author(s):

Jing-Bo Xu ◽

Fei Peng ◽

Youlu Che ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Changyun Quan

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Physical Adsorption ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽

Interfacial Activity ◽

Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽

Before And After ◽

Effective Role

Biomimetic peptide has attracted extensive attention in bone tissue repairing owing to its excellent biocompatibility and stability. Hydroxyapatite ceramics (HAP) possess both excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. To study the effects of bionic peptide D9KIPKAS(pSer)VPTELSAISRGDS on the interfacial activity and biological properties of hydroxyapatite ceramics, porous HAP ceramics were prepared using ammonium carbonate as a pore-forming agent. To explore the influence of surface modification on the interfacial activity of porous HAP ceramics when applying different methods, surface modification was carried out using physical adsorption (HAP-p-PP2) and a chemically grafted polypeptide (HAP-c-PP2). X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the crystal morphology of the porous HAP ceramics before and after sintering. The results of FTIR and XPS showed that bionic peptides were successfully grafted onto the surface of a porous HAP ceramic. An SEM graph shows the adhesion and spread of BMSCs on the materials. Meanwhile, the results of in vitro cell experiments showed that HAP-c-PP2 can better promote BMSC proliferation. In conclusion, bionic peptide D9KIPKAS(pSer)VPTELSAISRGDS with multifunctional functional groups is more conducive to the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs which can make it play an effective role in osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering.

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