scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Fish Skin Collagen Material Modified with β-Glucan as Potential Wound Dressing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Marta Michalska-Sionkowska ◽  
Oliwia Warżyńska ◽  
Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska ◽  
Krzysztof Łukowicz ◽  
Anna Maria Osyczka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies ◽  
Skin Collagen

Collagen possesses unique properties, e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. However, collagen material degrades too quickly and has low mechanical properties. One of the methods of polymers’ modification is mixing them to obtain blends. In this study, the influence of β-glucan for collagen material was analyzed. The interaction between the functional groups of the polymer was analyzed by ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy. The influence of β-glucan on mechanical properties was evaluated. The surface properties of materials were assessed using contact angle measurements and the topography of materials was evaluated by AFM (atomic force microscope). The structure of materials was analyzed according to SEM (scanning electron microscopy) pictures. Moreover, the DPPH-free radicals’ scavenging ability and biocompatibility against erythrocytes and HaCaT cells were evaluated. Collagen and β-glucan were bound together by a hydrogen bond. β-glucan addition increased the roughness of the surface of the film and resulted in a more rigid character of the materials. A small addition of β-glucan to collagen provided a more hydrophilic character. All the materials could swell in in vitro conditions and showed antioxidant activity. Materials do not cause erythrocyte hemolysis. Finely, our cytotoxicity studies indicated that β-glucan can be safely added at small (10% or less) quantity to collagen matrix, they sufficiently support cell growth, and the degradation products of such matrices may actually provide some beneficial effects to the surrounding cells/tissues.

scholarly journals Effects of Xylo-Oligosaccharides on Broiler Chicken Performance and Microbiota

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 5880-5888 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Maesschalck ◽  
V. Eeckhaut ◽  
L. Maertens ◽  
L. De Lange ◽  
L. Marchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coa Transferase

ABSTRACTIn broiler chickens, feed additives, including prebiotics, are widely used to improve gut health and to stimulate performance. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are hydrolytic degradation products of arabinoxylans that can be fermented by the gut microbiota. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the prebiotic properties of XOS when added to the broiler diet. Administration of XOS to chickens, in addition to a wheat-rye-based diet, significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. XOS significantly increased villus length in the ileum. It also significantly increased numbers of lactobacilli in the colon andClostridiumcluster XIVa in the ceca. Moreover, the number of gene copies encoding the key bacterial enzyme for butyrate production, butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA):acetate CoA transferase, was significantly increased in the ceca of chickens administered XOS. In this group of chickens, at the species level,Lactobacillus crispatusandAnaerostipes butyraticuswere significantly increased in abundance in the colon and cecum, respectively.In vitrofermentation of XOS revealed cross-feeding betweenL. crispatusandA. butyraticus. Lactate, produced byL. crispatusduring XOS fermentation, was utilized by the butyrate-producingAnaerostipesspecies. These data show the beneficial effects of XOS on broiler performance when added to the feed, which potentially can be explained by stimulation of butyrate-producing bacteria through cross-feeding of lactate and subsequent effects of butyrate on gastrointestinal function.

scholarly journals Nanostructural and mechanical changes in the sclera following proteoglycan depletion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Zhuola Zhuola ◽  
Steve Barrett ◽  
Yalda Ashraf Kharaz ◽  
Riaz Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Ocular Tissues ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Nanomechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Fibril Morphology

The mechanical properties of ocular tissues, such as the sclera, have a major impact on healthy eye function, and are governed by the properties and composition of the microstructural components. For example, biomechanical degradation associated with myopia occurs alongside a reduction of proteoglycans (PGs). In this study, the role of PG degradation in the nanomechanical properties of the porcine sclera is explored. In-vitro enzymatic degradation of PGs was conducted with α-amylase and chondroitinase ABC enzymes. Collagen fibril morphology and nanomechanical stiffness were measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The elastic modulus of the tissue was reduced in all enzyme-treated samples relative to controls. In addition, collagen fibril organization was disrupted by PG depletion. Our data demonstrate that PGs play an important role in determining not only the mechanical properties at these length scales, but also collagen fibril arrangement.

scholarly journals Poly(furfuryl alcohol)-Polycaprolactone Blends

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Nanni ◽  
José A. Heredia-Guerrero ◽  
Uttam C. Paul ◽  
Silvia Dante ◽  
Gianvito Caputo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) is a bioresin synthesized from furfuryl alcohol (FA) that is derived from renewable saccharide-rich biomass. In this study, we compounded this bioresin with polycaprolactone (PCL) for the first time, introducing new functional polymer blends. Although PCL is biodegradable, its production relies on petroleum precursors such as cyclohexanone oils. With the method proposed herein, this dependence on petroleum-derived precursors/monomers is reduced by using PFA without significantly modifying some important properties of the PCL. Polymer blend films were produced by simple solvent casting. The blends were characterized in terms of surface topography by atomic force microscopy (AFM), chemical interactions between PCL and PFA by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), crystallinity by XRD, thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical properties by tensile tests and biocompatibility by direct and indirect toxicity tests. PFA was found to improve the gas barrier properties of PCL without compromising its mechanical properties, and it demonstrated sustained antioxidant effect with excellent biocompatibility. Our results indicate that these new blends can be potentially used in diverse applications ranging from food packing to biomedical devices.

The Influence of the Operating Parameters of Titanium Electropolishing to Obtain Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1638-1642
Author(s):  
Leonardo Marasca Antonini ◽  
Rafael Gomes Mielczarski ◽  
Caroline Pigatto ◽  
Iduvirges Lourdes Müller ◽  
Célia de Fraga Malfatti
Keyword(s):  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Nanostructured Titanium ◽  
Nanostructured Surfaces ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

Titanium and Ti alloys have been widely used as biomaterial due to their mechanical properties and high in vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility. Studies have showed that the acceleration of the osseointegration process is associated to the modification of the surface morphology. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the operating parameters of titanium electropolishing to obtain nanostructured titanium surfaces. The titanium electropolishing was carried out with different temperatures (7°C, 18°C and 25°C), current density of 0.19 A/cm2 and electropolishing time of 8 minutes. After the electropolishing process the titanium samples were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy, profilometry (mechanical profilometer) and contact angle measurements. Preliminary results showed that the Ti nanostructured surfaces formation, strongly depends on the control of operating parameters.

scholarly journals In Vitro Degradation of Poly(caprolactone)/nHA Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza Díaz ◽  
Iban Sandonis ◽  
María Blanca Valle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Poly Caprolactone

The degradation behavior and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone/nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds are studied in phosphate buffered solution (PBS), at 37°C, over 16 weeks. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was observed that the longer the porous scaffolds remained in the PBS, the more significant the thickening of the pore walls of the scaffold morphology was. A decrease in the compressive properties, such as the modulus and the strength of the PCL/nHA composite scaffolds, was observed as the degradation experiment progressed. Samples with high nHA concentrations degraded more significantly in comparison to those with a lower content. Pure PCL retained its mechanical properties comparatively well in the study over the period of degradation. After the twelfth week, the results obtained by GPC analysis indicated a significant reduction in their molecular weight. The addition of nHA particles to the scaffolds accelerated the weight loss of the composites and increased their capacity to absorb water during the initial degradation process. The addition of these particles also affected the degradation behavior of the composite scaffolds, although they were not effective at compensating the decrease in pH prompted by the degradation products of the PCL.

scholarly journals In vitro Performance of Nano-heterogeneous Dentin Adhesive

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 829-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Ye ◽  
J.G. Park ◽  
E. Topp ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
A. Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Image ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Dentin Adhesives ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Nanophase Separation ◽  
High Degree

Water is ubiquitous in the mouths of healthy individuals and routinely interferes with efforts to bond restorations to dental tissues. Our previous studies using tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM) have shown that nanophase separation is a general feature of cross-linked polymethacrylates photocured in the presence of water. To explore the relationship between nanophase separation in dentin adhesives and their long-term mechanical properties, we evaluated model adhesives after 3 months of aqueous storage. The degree of contrast in the TMAFM phase image depended on the formulations used, ranging from ‘not observable’ to ‘very strong’. Correspondingly, the mechanical properties of these model adhesives varied from ‘minimal change’ to ‘significant depreciation’. The results support the hypothesis that a high degree of heterogeneity at the nano-scale is associated with poor mechanical durability in these model adhesives.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte cytoskeleton reorganization caused by a short-term action of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) on the blood in vitro

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
A. N. Shklyarova ◽  
E. V. Tsukanova ◽  
M. N. Starodubtseva ◽  
I. A. Cheshik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
System Component ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Extremely Low Frequency ◽  
Atomic Force

Objective: to detect changes in the parameters of the structure and mechanical properties of the surface layer of lymphocytes in the blood of a rat after a single action (30 min and 2 h) of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) on the rat`s whole blood in vitro.Material and methods. We exposed the whole blood of a Wistar rat (4.5 months) to the effect of ELF EMF (50 Hz, B = 0.79 mT), generated by an experimental setup based on a Helmholtz coil. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood using the Histopaque-1077 density gradient sedimentation method, then were placed on the surface of glass slides and fixed with glutaraldehyde, and finally were dried. We performed atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the atomic force microscope Bioscope Resolve in the PeakForce QMN mode in air.Results. On the basis of the results of the analysis of the AFM images, we classified the lymphocytes into several morphological types depending on the size of the lamellopodium. We analyzed the mechanical properties of the surface areas sized 250 nm × 250 nm for lymphocytes with the lamellopodium sized 400–1100 nm. The analysis found an rise in the elastic modulus of the lymphocyte surface after a short-term action (30 min) of ELF EMF. When the time of the ELF EMF exposure was increased up to 2 hours, the elastic (elastic modulus) and adhesive properties (the adhesion force between the AFM probe tip and cell surface) of the lymphocytes were significantly weakened.Conclusion. For the first time using the AFM method we have detected nanoscale changes in the structure and mechanical properties of the surface of the rat`s lymphocytes after a short-term action of ELF EMF (50 Hz, 0.79 mT, 30 min), which are indicative of the activation of the functions of lymphocytes as an immune system component in response to the short-term exposure of ELF EMF.

Fibronectin modified TiO2 nanotubes modulate endothelial cell behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyang Jin ◽  
Xufeng Yan ◽  
Guiyong Liu ◽  
Min Lai
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Substrate Surfaces ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Cardiovascular disease has become a great threat to the health of mankind; current titanium (Ti) stents fail due to late stent thrombosis caused by the lack of re-endothelialization of the Ti stent. The objective of this study was to design a novel cardiovascular Ti implant with improved surface biocompatibility. TiO2 nanotubes with a diameter of 110 nm were anodized at a constant voltage of 30 V, and fibronectin was immobilized onto the TiO2 nanotubes using polydopamine. The element composition, morphology, and wettability of the different substrate surfaces were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements, respectively, confirming the successful immobilization of fibronectin. In vitro experiments including immunofluorescence staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) release demonstrate that fibronectin modified TiO2 nanotubes supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and normal cellular functions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These methodologies can be applied for future fabrication of cardiovascular stents.

Delapril and Manidipine Main Degradation Products: LC-UV and LC-ESI-MS Evaluations, Decay Kinetic, and in vitro Cytotoxicity Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (13) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítor Todeschini ◽  
Maximiliano da Silva Sangoi ◽  
Gustavo Krumel Goelzer ◽  
Juliana Maria de Mello Andrade ◽  
Nadia Maria Volpato
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Decay Kinetic ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

scholarly journals In vitro beneficial effects of a flax extract on papillary fibroblasts define it as an anti-aging candidate

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 032-040
Author(s):  
Hervé PAGEON ◽  
Hélène ZUCCHI ◽  
Sylvie RICOIS ◽  
Philippe BASTIEN ◽  
Daniel ASSELINEAU
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Papillary Dermis ◽  
Reticular Dermis ◽  
Laminin 5 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reconstructed Skin

Objective: During aging, skin undergoes structural, cellular and molecular changes, which not only alter skin mechanical properties but also biological and physiological functions. Structurally the epidermis becomes thinner, the dermal epidermal junction flattens and the extra-cellular matrix component of the dermis is disorganized and degraded. The dermis is composed of two compartments: The Reticular dermis is the deepest and thickest part while the upper layer, the papillary dermis, which is much thinner and is in close contact with epidermis, plays an important role in the structure and function of the skin. We have recently shown that the papillary dermis was preferentially affected by skin aging because the activity of fibroblasts in this region was especially altered as a function of age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capacity of a flax extract as anti-aging component. Method: We investigated the capacity of a flax extract to stimulate or restore the activity of papillary fibroblasts from young and old donors in cultured monolayers and in reconstructed skin. Several biological markers of extracellular matrix homeostasis and mechanical properties were investigated. Results: The tested flax extract seemed to improve parameters known to change with age: I/ In monolayers after treatment the number of aged fibroblasts increased II/ In reconstructed skin the flax extract appears to positively regulate some biological activities; particularly in aged fibroblasts where the deposition of laminin 5, fibrillin 1, procollagen I were increased in the dermis and the secretion of specific soluble factors like MMP1, MMP3 and KGF were regulated to levels similar to those observed in young fibroblasts III/ Mechanical properties were improved particularly for elastics parameters (R5, R2 and R7). Conclusion: The flax extract is a promising anti-aging compound. The treatment of aged papillary fibroblasts resulted in a return to a younger-like profile for some of the studied parameters.

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