scholarly journals Screen Printed Antennas on Fiber-Based Substrates for Sustainable HF RFID Assisted E-Fulfilment Smart Packaging

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5500
Author(s):  
Jarne Machiels ◽  
Raf Appeltans ◽  
Dieter Klaus Bauer ◽  
Elien Segers ◽  
Zander Henckens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Printed Antennas ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Smart Packaging ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Screen Printed

Intelligent packaging is an emerging technology, aiming to improve the standard communication function of packaging. Radio frequency identification (RFID) assisted smart packaging is of high interest, but the uptake is limited as the market needs cost-efficient and sustainable applications. The integration of screen printed antennas and RFID chips as smart labels in reusable cardboard packaging could offer a solution. Although paper is an interesting and recyclable material, printing on this substrate is challenging as the ink conductivity is highly influenced by the paper properties. In this study, the best paper/functional silver ink combinations were first selected out of 76 paper substrates based on the paper surface roughness, air permeance, sheet resistance and SEM characterization. Next, a flexible high frequency RFID chip (13.56 MHz) was connected on top of screen printed antennas with a conductive adhesive. Functional RFID labels were integrated in cardboard packaging and its potential application as reusable smart box for third party logistics was tested. In parallel, a web-based software application mimicking its functional abilities in the logistic cycle was developed. This multidisciplinary approach to developing an easy-scalable screen printed antenna and RFID-assisted smart packaging application is a good example for future implementation of hybrid electronics in sustainable smart packaging.

scholarly journals Printed antennas: from theory to praxis, challenges and applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zichner ◽  
R. R. Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Multiple Antenna ◽  
Printed Antennas ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Miniaturized, highly integrated wireless communication systems are used in many fields like logistics and mobile communications. Often multiple antenna structures are integrated in a single product. To achieve such a high level of integration the antenna structures are manufactured e.g. from flexible boards or via LDS (laser direct structuring) which allows the production of complex monopole or dipole antennas with three-dimensionally curved shapes. Main drawbacks are the sophisticated production process steps and their costs. The additive deposition of metallic inks or pastes by a printing process is an alternative manufacturing method with reduced cost. To implement such printed antennas we investigated in the fields of antenna design, simulation, printing technology and characterization. The chosen example of use was a customized dipole antenna for a Radio Frequency Identification application. The results prove the intended functionality of the printed dipole in regard to a highly cost efficient printing manufacturing.

Design and characterization of novel fabric-based multi-resonators for wearable chipless RFID applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752198978
Author(s):  
Huating Tu ◽  
Yaya Zhang ◽  
Hong Hong ◽  
Jiyong Hu ◽  
Xin Ding
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Screen Printed

Nowadays, the chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is attracting significant attention owing to its immense potential in tracking. However, most of the chipless tags are fabricated on hard printed circuit boards, and the wearable fabric-based chipless tag is still in the research stage. In this paper, a symmetrical 3rd L-shaped multi-resonator wearable chipless RFID tag is designed and screen-printed onto fabric. In order to investigate the influence of the non-uniform conductive layer on the signal transmission at high frequency, the surface and cross-sectional topographies of the printed conductive film are analyzed and the frequency response characteristics are simulated and measured. The obtained results show that the common fabric can be used as the substrate to screen print the L-shaped multi-resonators of the chipless RFID tag, and the quality of the screen printed line, especially a narrow line, significantly affects the radio frequency performance. For the screen-printed 3rd L-shaped stub resonators, the relative frequency shift compared with the simulation results are 0.99%, 0.88% and 2.26%, respectively. Generally, the surface morphology of fabric and screen-printed precision are critical in improving the performance of L-shaped multi-resonators.

spaceAPPS – A modular approach for on-board software

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Herpel ◽  
Friedrich Schoen ◽  
Harald Selegrad
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ground Testing ◽  
Modular Concept ◽  
Failure Propagation ◽  
Software Modularity ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Space Separation ◽  
Target Platform ◽  
Efficient Software

Abstract Software modularity and partial qualification capabilities are key enablers to produce cost efficient software in highly regulated domains. The modular concept (called spaceAPPS) described in this paper has been developed in the frame of the OPS-SAT project aiming at missions where flexibility is one of the success factors. spaceAPPS implements a novel software architecture for satellites inspired by the Apps concept of modern smartphones. In the European space domain the operation of a satellite is based on a set of 18 services. Accordingly, in spaceApps these services are mapped to individual Apps. This is not a one-to-one mapping which means that one App implements one or more services. During OPS-SAT ground testing it was demonstrated that functionality could be easily added through a new App or updated through replacing an existing App. Also during OPS-SAT ground testing it could be shown that a failing UserApp did not impact the basic apps to operate the satellite. Thus, it is possible to run applications of different criticality on the same platform. With operating systems supporting time and space separation the risk of failure propagation can be further reduced. The implementation of a partial validation approach, i. e. testing of third-party Apps in a representative environment and not running the validation on the target platform is feasible but was not demonstrated.

Reliability evaluation of wearable radio frequency identification tags: Design and fabrication of a two-part textile antenna

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Chen ◽  
Leena Ukkonen ◽  
Johanna Virkki
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Moist Environment ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Identification Tags ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The One

Passive radio frequency identification-based technology is a convincing approach to the achievement of versatile energy- and cost-efficient wireless platforms for future wearable applications. By using two-part antenna structures, the antenna-electronics interconnections can remain non-stressed, which can significantly improve the reliability of the textile-embedded wireless components. In this article, we describe fabrication of two-part stretchable and non-stretchable passive ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification textile tags using electro-textile and embroidered antennas, and test their reliability when immersed as well as under cyclic strain. The results are compared to tags with traditional one-part dipole antennas fabricated from electro-textiles and by embroidery. Based on the results achieved, the initial read ranges of the two-part antenna tags, around 5 m, were only slightly shorter than those of the one-part antenna tags. In addition, the tag with two-part antennas can maintain high performance in a moist environment and during continuous stretching, unlike the one-part antenna tag where the antenna-integrated circuit attachment is under stress.

Retained-Key Encryption

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
David Crowe ◽  
Wasim Al-Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
User Authentication ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Trusted Third Party ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Private Key ◽  
Alternative Means

This paper presents a synchronous encryption key management model that does not require the sender to disclose the encryption key in order to effect decryption. This eliminates the need for key exchange mechanisms, giving the sender improved control over their keys. The retained-key model is presented as being a software application that handles the initiation of a secure communication channel between sender and receiver, and facilitates user authentication by a trusted third party—presumably, the software’s vendor. This model is not intended to replace public/private key-based mechanisms, as they serve an important role in message signing and authentication. Rather, it seeks to provide an alternative means of decrypting messages in a secure fashion while allowing the sender to avoid the need to disclose the message’s key.

scholarly journals Review of RFID-based sensing in monitoring physical stimuli in smart packaging for food-freshness applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharindu Athauda ◽  
Nemai Chandra Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Smart Packaging ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Food Freshness

AbstractThe changes in physical environmental parameters have severe impacts on food safety and security. Therefore, it is important to understand micro-level physical parameter changes occurring inside food packages to ensure food safety and security. The emergence of smart packaging has helped to track and inform the specific changes such as a change in humidity, temperature, and pH taken place in the microenvironment in the food package. Moreover, these key physical parameters help determine the freshness of the food as well. Radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based sensors are an emerging technology that has been used in smart packaging to detect changes in the physical stimuli in order to determine food freshness. This review looks at the key environmental factors that are responsible for food safety and food freshness, the role of smart packaging with sensors that can measure changes in physical stimuli in the microclimate and the detailed review of RFID-based sensors used in smart packaging for food-freshness applications and their existing limitations.

scholarly journals Freshness Monitoring of Packaged Vegetables

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7937
Author(s):  
Heba Beshai ◽  
Gursimran Sarabha ◽  
Pranali Rathi ◽  
Arif Alam ◽  
M. Deen
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Smart Packaging ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Commercial Applications

Smart packaging is an emerging technology that has a great potential in solving conventional food packaging problems and in meeting the evolving packaged vegetables market needs. The advantages of using such a system lies in extending the shelf life of products, ensuring the safety and the compliance of these packages while reducing the food waste; hence, lessening the negative environmental impacts. Many new concepts were developed to serve this purpose, especially in the meat and fish industry with less focus on fruits and vegetables. However, making use of these evolving technologies in packaging of vegetables will yield in many positive outcomes. In this review, we discuss the new technologies and approaches used, or have the potential to be used, in smart packaging of vegetables. We describe the technical aspects and the commercial applications of the techniques used to monitor the quality and the freshness of vegetables. Factors affecting the freshness and the spoilage of vegetables are summarized. Then, some of the technologies used in smart packaging such as sensors, indicators, and data carriers that are integrated with sensors, to monitor and provide a dynamic output about the quality and safety of the packaged produce are discussed. Comparison between various intelligent systems is provided followed by a brief review of active packaging systems. Finally, challenges, legal aspects, and limitations facing this smart packaging industry are discussed together with outlook and future improvements.

scholarly journals Printable Stretchable Silver Ink and Application to Printed RFID Tags for Wearable Electronics

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhong ◽  
Ning Jin ◽  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Chunshan Zhou ◽  
Weibing Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Bulk Silver ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Small Cracks

A printable elastic silver ink has been developed, which was made of silver flakes, dispersant, and a fluorine rubber and could be sintered at a low temperature. The printed elastic conductors showed low resistivity at 21 μΩ·cm, which is about 13.2 times of bulk silver (1.59 μΩ·cm). Their mechanical properties were investigated by bending, stretching, and cyclic endurance tests. It was found that upon stretching the resistance of printed conductors increased due to deformation and small cracks appeared in the conductor, but was almost reversible when the strain was removed, and the recovery of conductivity was found to be time dependent. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags were fabricated by screen printing the stretchable silver ink on a stretchable fabric (lycra). High performance of tag was maintained even with 1000 cycles of stretching. As a practical example of wearable electronics, an RFID tag was printed directly onto a T-shirt, which demonstrated its normal working order in a wearing state.

Tamper Detection in RFID Tags Using Zero-Watermarks

2014 ◽  
Vol 511-512 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Yao ◽  
Hong Yu Chen ◽  
Hong Lei Li ◽  
Xiao Yi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Database System ◽  
Tamper Detection ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Watermark Scheme ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Middleware

Recently data integrity issues of applications based on radio frequency identification (RFID) have drawn great concerns worldwide and many watermarking-based schemes have been proposed. While those schemes can effectively verify if the protected tag data be modified, they also expose both the protected data and the watermark to any adversaries. In this paper, we present a zero-watermark scheme, which stores the watermark not in part of the data fields of RFID tags but in the back-end database system or that of a trusted third party without any modification of the original RFID data. The novelty of this zero-watermark scheme lies in the fact that we extend the zero-watermark technology to the RFID tags and the use of data tampering from the limited applications of copyright protection of digital works. We term this scheme ZMark-TamDetect because it is a tamper detection solution using zero-watermarks, which is so designed that it can be easily plugged into existing RFID middleware applications. This proposal is one of the first works that integrates zero-watermark and RFID technologies together and it provides a detailed theoretical foundation for the ZMark-TamDetect.

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