Evaluation of Ultrasound, Microwave, Ultrasound–Microwave, Hydrothermal and High Pressure Assisted Extraction Technologies for the Recovery of Phytochemicals and Antioxidants from Brown Macroalgae

This study aims to explore novel extraction technologies (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound–microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), hydrothermal-assisted extraction (HAE) and high-pressure-assisted extraction (HPAE)) and extraction time post-treatment (0 and 24 h) for the recovery of phytochemicals and associated antioxidant properties from Fucus vesiculosus and Pelvetia canaliculata. When using fixed extraction conditions (solvent: 50% ethanol; extraction time: 10 min; algae/solvent ratio: 1/10) for all the novel technologies, UAE generated extracts with the highest phytochemical contents from both macroalgae. The highest yields of compounds extracted from F. vesiculosus using UAE were: total phenolic content (445.0 ± 4.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), total phlorotannin content (362.9 ± 3.7 mg phloroglucinol equivalents/g), total flavonoid content (286.3 ± 7.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g) and total tannin content (189.1 ± 4.4 mg catechin equivalents/g). In the case of the antioxidant activities, the highest DPPH activities were achieved by UAE and UMAE from both macroalgae, while no clear pattern was recorded in the case of FRAP activities. The highest DPPH scavenging activities (112.5 ± 0.7 mg trolox equivalents/g) and FRAP activities (284.8 ± 2.2 mg trolox equivalents/g) were achieved from F. vesiculosus. Following the extraction treatment, an additional storage post-extraction (24 h) did not improve the yields of phytochemicals or antioxidant properties of the extracts.

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Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Moringa oleifera seed as anti-biofouling agents in membrane processes

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201820403003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 204 ◽

pp. 03003 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ni'matul Izza ◽

Shinta Rosalia Dewi ◽

Ashried Setyanda ◽

Agung Sukoyo ◽

Panggulu Utoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Purification Process ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Moringa Oleifera Seed

Moringa seed has known as a coagulant in the water purification process. It is because of the large amount of anti-microbial compounds contained in it. Phenol is one of the most common anti-microbial compounds found in natural materials. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC) of Moringa seed which was extracted by Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). Moringa seeds were characterized by FTIR and showed that it contained phenol compounds confirmed by specific peak in some areas. Moringa seeds were characterized by FTIR before extracted. Therefore, MAE was performed by variation of solvent ratios (1: 4, 1: 6, 1: 8) and extraction time (2, 3, 4 min). The highest TPC of 41.78 mg GAE / g dw was reached at 1: 8 solvent ratio and 3-min extraction time.

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Ekstraksi Senyawa Fenolik Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) menggunakan Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE)

Rona Teknik Pertanian ◽

10.17969/rtp.v11i1.9580 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 59-70

Author(s):

Angky Wahyu Putranto ◽

Shinta Rosalia Dewi ◽

Ni'matul Izza ◽

Dian Rahmat Yuneri ◽

Maria Yeniaska S. Dachi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Cosmos Caudatus ◽

Assisted Extraction

Abstrak. Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) adalah tanaman yang sering dimanfaatkan daunnya untuk bahan pangan maupun juga sebagai obat-obatan karena memiliki kandungan senyawa fenolik yang cukup tinggi. Ekstraksi senyawa fenol menggunakan metode konvensional masih memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama dan jumlah pelarut yang banyak. Sehingga perlu dicari alternatif metode ekstraksi yang memiliki waktu ekstraksi dan kebutuhan pelarut yang relatif rendah seperti menggunakan Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan ekstraksi senyawa fenolik dari daun kenikir dengan metode MAE terhadap total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu rasio pelarut terhadap kenikir segar yaitu 1:4, 1:6, dan 1:8 (b/v) dan waktu ekstraksi 2, 3 dan 4 menit. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa nilai total fenol tertinggi (17,162 ± 0,11 mg GAE/g berat segar) diperoleh pada perlakuan rasio pelarut 1:8 (b/v), sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi (4,203 ± 0,26 mg/ml) pada perlakuan rasio pelarut 1:4 (b/v). Waktu perlakuan 3 menit menunjukkan hasil yang optimal untuk nilai total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil tersebut juga menunjukkan nilai yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional baik dengan maserasi biasa dan maserasi dengan waterbath. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Cosmos caudatus using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Abstract. Cosmos caudatus, a plant commonly used its leaves for food and also as a medicine since it contains high phenolic compounds. The extraction of phenolic compounds using conventional methods still require more extraction time and need much more of solvent. Therefore, it was necessary to find an alternative extraction method that has a rapid extraction time and a few solvent need such as using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). The aim of this study is to extract of phenolic compounds from Cosmos caudatus with MAE method of total phenol and antioxidant activity. This study using 2 treatment factors, the sampel-solvent ratio of 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8 (w/v) and the extraction time of 2, 3 and 4 minutes. This study explained that the highest total phenolic compounds (17.162 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g fw) and antioxidant activity (4.203 ± 0.26 mg/ml) were obtained at 1:8 and 1:4 (w/v) of sampel-solvent ratio, respectively. The extraction time of 3 minutes was the optimal condition for total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. These results also showed the highest parameter value when compared with both conventional methods: maceration and maceration with waterbath.

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Microwave-assisted extraction of non-polar compounds from pistachio hull and characterization of extracts

Grasas y Aceites ◽

10.3989/gya.0217181 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. N. Özbek ◽

D. Koçak Yanık ◽

S. Fadıloğlu ◽

H. Keskin Çavdar ◽

F. Göğüş

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Polar Compounds ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Tocopherol Content ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) methods were used to obtain non-polar compounds from pistachio hull. MAE parameters (liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time) were studied to obtain maximum extraction yield. The optimal conditions were found to be liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 (v/w), microwave power of 250 W and extraction time of 12.5 min. The extraction yields were 9.81 and 9.50% for MAE and Soxhlet methods, respectively. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and tocopherol content of the extract obtained by MAE was found to be significantly higher than those of the Soxhlet extract (p < 0.05). The results showed that the extract contained α-tocopherols (567.65 mg/kg) and oleic acid (48.46%) as the major tocopherols and fatty acids. These findings propose that hull extracts can be considered as a good source of natural bioactive compounds and MAE can be a good alternative to the traditional Soxhlet method.

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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants from Bamboo Shoots of Phyllostachys pubescens

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25010215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 215 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gualtiero Milani ◽

Francesca Curci ◽

Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi ◽

Pasquale Crupi ◽

Isabella Pisano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Bamboo Shoots ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Time And Energy

Bamboo is a well-known medicinal plant in Southeast Asia that recently has attracted attention for its high polyphenol content and its medical and nutraceutical applications. In this work, polyphenols have been recovered for the first time by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) from an unusual Italian cultivar of Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo shoots. The effects of three independent variables, such as extraction time, temperature, and solid/liquid ratio, on polyphenol recovery yield were investigated and successfully optimized through the response surface methodology. We demonstrated that MAE is an excellent polyphenols extraction technique from bamboo shoots because the total phenolic content obtained under microwave irradiation optimal conditions (4 min at 105 °C with 6.25 mg/mL ratio) was about eight-fold higher than that obtained with the conventional extraction method. Furthermore, higher total flavonoid content was also obtained under MAE. Consistent with these results, MAE enhanced the extract antioxidant properties with significant improved DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP scavenging ability. Therefore, this innovative extraction process enhances the recovery of biologically active compounds from Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo shoots with a dramatic reduction of time and energy consumption, which paves the way for its industrial application in functional food production.

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EKSTRAKSI TANIN DARI KULIT KAYU AKASIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE: PENGARUH DAYA MICROWAVE, WAKTU EKSTRAKSI DAN JENIS PELARUT

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v6i3.1590 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 52-57

Author(s):

Iriany ◽

Florentina Pandiangan ◽

Christina Eka P

Keyword(s):

Atomic Absorption ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Polar Solvent ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Power Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

Tannin is one of complex polyphenol compound which soluble in polar solvent. Tannin could be extracted from acacia bark. This study aims to examine microwave-assisted extraction of tannins under influence of microwave power, extraction time, and solvent and its application to adsorb Cd and Cu. Tannin was extracted from acacia bark with feed-to-solvent ratio (1:20 g/ml). Power of microwave was adjusted 100 W, 180 W, 300 W, 450 W, and 600 W for 1 minute, 3 minutes and 5 minutes respectively using aquadest and ethanol as the solvent. The extracts were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the extract with the highest yield of tannins are used as the adsorbent. The concentration of Cd and cu were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The result showed the highest yield of tannin 26.606 mg/g at 100 W and 3 minutes extraction time using ethanol as the solvent. The result showed that the adsorption capacity of adsorbent from tannin was 3.81 mg/g and 2.26 mg/g for Cd and Cu respectively.

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Alpha-Mangostin-Rich Extracts from Mangosteen Pericarp: Optimization of Green Extraction Protocol and Evaluation of Biological Activity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23081852 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1852 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ali Ghasemzadeh ◽

Hawa Jaafar ◽

Ali Baghdadi ◽

Amin Tayebi-Meigooni

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Main Compound ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ic50 Values

Since α-mangostin in mangosteen fruits was reported to be the main compound able to provide natural antioxidants, the microwave-assisted extraction process to obtain high-quality α-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) was optimized using a central composite design and response surface methodology. The parameters examined included extraction time, microwave power, and solvent percentage. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of optimized and non-optimized extracts was evaluated. Ethyl acetate as a green solvent exhibited the highest concentration of α-mangostin, followed by dichloromethane, ethanol, and water. The highest α-mangostin concentration in mangosteen pericarp of 121.01 mg/g dry matter (DM) was predicted at 3.16 min, 189.20 W, and 72.40% (v/v). The verification of experimental results under these optimized conditions showed that the α-mangostin value for the mangosteen pericarp was 120.68 mg/g DM. The predicted models were successfully developed to extract α-mangostin from the mangosteen pericarp. No significant differences were observed between the predicted and the experimental α-mangostin values, indicating that the developed models are accurate. The analysis of the extracts for secondary metabolites showed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) increased significantly in the optimized extracts (OE) compared to the non-optimized extracts (NOE). Additionally, trans-ferulic acid and catechin were abundant among the compounds identified. In addition, the optimized extract of mangosteen pericarp with its higher α-mangostin and secondary metabolite concentrations exhibited higher antioxidant activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 20.64 µg/mL compared to those of the NOE (28.50 µg/mL). The OE exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the microwave-assisted extraction process of α-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp was successfully optimized, indicating the accuracy of the models developed, which will be usable in a larger-scale extraction process.

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Dried Waste Grape Skins

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2015-0009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 359-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Miguel A. Pedroza ◽

Danila Amendola ◽

Luana Maggi ◽

Amaya Zalacain ◽

Dante M. De Faveri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Large Scale ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Energetic Efficiency ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Grape Skins

Abstract Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was investigated for recovering of total phenolic compounds from dried waste grape skins using a domestic microwave oven. Influence of vessel geometry, irradiation cycles, irradiation power and time was investigated. The results in terms of phenolics yield, antioxidant capacity and energy consumption were compared with a reference solid–liquid extraction (SLE) carried out for 2 h at 60°C. Equivalent yield of total phenolics as in SLE was achieved with a MAE extraction time of 1,033 sec (corresponding to 83 sec of irradiation at 900 W, 83% saving in extraction time compared to SLE and with a 70% energetic efficiency). Pre-maceration of samples and solvent pre-heating are proposed for large-scale industrial processes to enhance phenolics extraction and process efficiency.

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Extraction of Anthocyanins and Total Phenolic Compounds from Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Using an Experimental Design Methodology. Part 3: Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

María José Aliaño-González ◽

Marta Ferreiro-González ◽

Estrella Espada-Bellido ◽

Ceferino Carrera ◽

Miguel Palma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Euterpe Oleracea ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Real Samples ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Relative Standard

In this work, two methods based on microwave-assisted extraction techniques for the extraction of both anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from açai have been developed. For that, a full factorial design (Box-Behnken design) has been used to optimize the following four variables: solvent composition (25–75% methanol in water), temperature (50–100 °C), pH (2–7), and sample/solvent ratio (0.5 g: 10 mL–0.5 g: 20 mL). The anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds content have been determined by ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. The optimum conditions for the extraction of anthocyanins were 38% MeOH in water, 99.63 °C, pH 3.00, at 0.5 g: 10 mL of ratio, while for the extraction of total phenolic compounds they were 74.16% MeOH in water, 99.14 °C, pH 5.46, at 0.5 g: 20 mL of ratio. Both methods have shown a high repeatability and intermediate precision with a relative standard deviation lower than 5%. Furthermore, an extraction kinetics study was carried out using extraction periods ranging from 2 min until 25 min. The optimized methods have been applied to açai-containing real samples. The results with such real samples have confirmed that both methods are suitable for a rapid and reliable extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds.

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Curcuma longa L. Oil: Optimization, Chemical Structure and Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Comparison with Conventional Soxhlet Extraction

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1516

Author(s):

Rut Fernández-Marín ◽

Susana C. M. Fernandes ◽

María A. Andrés ◽

Jalel Labidi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

Curcuma root (Curcuma longa L.) is a very important plant in gastronomy and medicine for its unique antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Conventional methods for the extraction of curcuma oil require long extraction times and high temperatures that can degrade the active substances. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were: (i) first, to optimize the extraction yield of curcuma oil by applying a Box-Behnken experimental design using surface response methodology to the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique (the independent variables studied were reaction time (10–30 min), microwave power (150–200 W) and curcuma powder/ethanol ratio (1:5–1:20; w/v); and, (ii) second, to assess the total phenolic content (TPC) and their antioxidant activity of the oil (at the optimum conditions point) and compare with the conventional Soxhlet technique. The optimum conditions for the MAE were found to be 29.99 min, 160 W and 1:20 w/v to obtain an optimum yield of 10.32%. Interestingly, the oil extracted by microwave-assisted extraction showed higher TPC and better antioxidant properties than the oil extracted with conventional Soxhlet technique. Thus, it was demonstrated that the method applied for extraction influences the final properties of the extracted Curcuma longa L. oil.

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Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) Process of Tannin from Mangrove Propagules Waste as Natural Dye for Coloring Batik tulis

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.805.128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 805 ◽

pp. 128-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Prima A. Handayani ◽

Achmad Chafidz ◽

Nur Salsabilah Ramadani ◽

Dewi Kartika

Keyword(s):

Natural Dye ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ft Ir

Mangrove propagule waste is one of the biomass wastes that decays fast, hence it can pollute the environment. Mangrove propagule contains 30.43% tannin, and thus it has high potential to be used as a natural dye for coloringBatik Tulis. Unfortunately, this raw material has not been utilized optimally. The objective of this study is to extract tannin substances from mangrove propagules by using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method. The effects of solvent types (i.e. ethanol and distilled water), material-solvent ratio, extraction time and temperature on the yield of tannin obtained have also been investigated. The extraction results were analyzed by FT-IR to determine the presence of tannin contained in the dyes. The extraction results showed that the optimum yield of etanol solvent was 27.5%, which occured at material-solvent ratio of 0.04 g/ml, extraction time of 30 minutes, and temperature of 60°C. Whereas, the distilled water produced 22.7% yield of tannin, which also occured at material and solvent ratio 0.04 g/ml, extraction time of 30 minutes, and temperature of 80°C. Additionally, FT-IR analysis of tannin extract from mangrove propagules with etanol and distilled water showed the presence of hydroxyl groups (O-H), groups (C-H), C = C groups, and C-O groups.

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