scholarly journals Antioxidant Bioactivity of Extracts from Beach Cast Leaves of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Concetta Maria Messina ◽  
Rosaria Arena ◽  
Simona Manuguerra ◽  
Yann Pericot ◽  
Eleonora Curcuraci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Beach Cast

The marine environment is a generous source of biologically active compounds useful for human health. In 50 years, about 25,000 bioactive marine compounds have been identified, with an increase of 5% per year. Peculiar feature of algae and plants is the production of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, synthesized as a form of adaptation to environmental stress. Posidonia oceanica is a Mediterranean endemic and dominant seagrass and represents a biologically, ecologically and geologically important marine ecosystem. Within this study, methanolic and ethanolic extracts were generated from fresh and dried Posidonia oceanica leaves, with the aim to employ and valorize the beach cast leaves. The best yield and antioxidant activity (polyphenols content equal to 19.712 ± 0.496 mg GAE/g and DPPH IC50 of 0.090 µg/µL.) were recorded in 70% ethanol extracts (Gd-E4) obtained from leaves dried for two days at 60 °C and ground four times. HPLC analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols compounds (the most abundant of which was chicoric acid) with antioxidant and beneficial properties. Bioactive properties of the Gd-E4 extracts were evaluated in vitro using fibroblast cells line (HS-68), subjected to UV induced oxidative stress. Pre-treatment of cells with Gd-E4 extracts led to significant protection against oxidative stress and mortality associated with UV exposure, thus highlighting the beneficial properties of antioxidants compounds produced by these marine plants against photo damage, free radicals and associated negative cellular effects. Beach cast leaves selection, processing and extraction procedures, and the in vitro assay results suggested the potentiality of a sustainable approach for the biotechnological exploitation of this resource and could serve a model for other marine resources.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Oxidative Stress in Dental Pulp Cells Following 4-Hexylresorcinol Administration in a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3637
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Chang ◽  
Dae-Won Kim ◽  
Seong-Gon Kim ◽  
Tae-Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Pre Treatment

Damaged dental pulp undergoes oxidative stress and 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) is a well-known antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a 4HR ointment on damaged dental pulp. Pulp cells from rat mandibular incisor were cultured and treated with 4HR or resveratrol (1–100 μM). These treatments (10–100 μM) exerted a protective effect during subsequent hydrogen peroxide treatments. The total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly increased following 4HR or resveratrol treatment (p < 0.05), while the expression levels of TNF-α and IL1β were decreased following the exposure to 4HR pre-treatment in an in vitro model. Additionally, the application of 4HR ointment in an exposed dental pulp model significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL1β (p < 0.05). Conclusively, 4HR exerted protective effects against oxidative stress in dental pulp tissues through downregulating TNF-α and IL1β.

scholarly journals An in-vitro assay using human spermatozoa to detect toxicity of biologically active substances

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Vollmer ◽  
Börje Ljungberg ◽  
Vera Jankowski ◽  
Joachim Jankowski ◽  
Griet Glorieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Cellular Behavior ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Identifying the key toxic players within an in-vivo toxic syndrome is crucial to develop targeted therapies. Here, we established a novel method that characterizes the effect of single substances by means of an ex-vivo incubation set-up. We found that primary human spermatozoa elicit a distinct motile response on a (uremic) toxic milieu. Specifically, this approach describes the influence of a bulk toxic environment (uremia) as well as single substances (uremic toxins) by real-time analyzing motile cellular behavior. We established the human spermatozoa-based toxicity testing (HSTT) for detecting single substance-induced toxicity to be used as a screening tool to identify in-vivo toxins. Further, we propose an application of the HSTT as a method of clinical use to evaluate toxin-removing interventions (hemodialysis).

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidase (Rboh) Activity is Up Regulated during Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit Ripening

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Chu-Puga ◽  
Salvador González-Gordo ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
José M. Palma ◽  
Francisco J. Corpas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

In plants, NADPH oxidase (NOX) is also known as a respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh). This highly important enzyme, one of the main enzymatic sources of superoxide radicals (O2•−), is involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which is active in the non-climacteric pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit. We used sweet pepper fruits at two ripening stages (green and red) to biochemically analyze the O2•−-generating Rboh activity and the number of isozymes during this physiological process. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an oxidative stress marker, was also assayed as an index of lipid peroxidation. In red fruits, MDA was observed to increase 2-fold accompanied by a 5.3-fold increase in total Rboh activity. Using in-gel assays of Rboh activity, we identified a total of seven CaRboh isozymes (I–VII) which were differentially modulated during ripening. CaRboh-III and CaRboh-I were the most prominent isozymes in green and red fruits, respectively. An in vitro assay showed that CaRboh activity is inhibited in the presence of nitric oxide (NO) donors, peroxynitrite (ONOO−) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that CaRboh can undergo S-nitrosation, Tyr-nitration, and glutathionylation, respectively. In summary, this study provides a basic biochemical characterization of CaRboh activity in pepper fruits and indicates that this O2•−-generating Rboh is involved in nitro-oxidative stress associated with sweet pepper fruit ripening.

scholarly journals Development of an oxidative stress in vitro assay in zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell lines

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lungu-Mitea ◽  
Agneta Oskarsson ◽  
Johan Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Assay

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization of Pyrano-[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles Derivatives and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Boutaina Addoum ◽  
◽  
Bouchra El khalfi ◽  
Mohamed Idiken ◽  
Souraya Sakoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Nitrative Stress

Background: Antioxidants are developed to assist the immune system and overcome oxidative stress, the aggression of cellular constituents due to imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the inner antioxidant system. The main objective of this study was to search for new and potent antioxidants to protect humans against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Methods: In this study, three pyrano-[2,3-c]-pyrazole derivatives were synthesized via Multicomponent Reaction (MCR) approach and were characterized, using a melting point, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and spectroscopic analyses (IR; 1H-NMR; 13C-NMR). All of the generated compounds were screened for their antioxidant properties in vivo, using ciliate “Tetrahymena” as a model organism exposed to oxidative and nitrative stress. They were then studied in vitro by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Results: The results demonstrated that the three compounds (5a, b, c) are biologically active and possess potent antioxidant activities, especially the 5a and 5b derivatives. On the other hand, the in vitro bioassays revealed that the 5a derivative possessed a significant antioxidant activity much greater than ascorbic acid. Accordingly, the in silico data are consistent with the experimental data. Conclusion: These findings confirmed the potent antioxidant property of the synthesized compounds, providing us with new inspiration and challenges to design a library of pharmaceutical compounds with strong activity and low toxicity in the future.

scholarly journals Chitosan-sodium alginate-fatty acid nanocarrier composite: lutein bioavailability, absorption pharmacokinetics in diabetic rat and protection of retinal cells against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeresh B Toragall ◽  
Baskarn V
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Retinal Cells ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Aiming to enhance therapeutic efficiency of lutein, lutein loaded chitosan-sodium alginate (CS-SA) based nanocarrier composite (LNCs) were prepared and evaluated for lutein bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in diabetic rats in comparison to micellar lutein (control). Further, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and protective activity against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells were studied. Results revealed that LNCs displayed maximal lutein AUC in plasma, liver and eye respectively in normal (3.1, 2.7 and 5.2 folds) and diabetic (7.3, 3.4 and 2.8 folds) rats. Lutein from LNCs exhibited a higher half-life time, mean residence time and slow clearance from the plasma, indicating prolonged circulation compared to control. In ARPE-19 cells, pre-treatment with LNCs (10 µM) have significantly attenuated H2O2 induced cell death, intracellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential compared to control. In conclusion, LNCs improve the lutein bioavailability in conditions like diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and cataract to curtail oxidative stress in retinal cells.

White rice ethanol extract is qualitatively, but not quantitatively, equivalent to that of brown rice as an antioxidant source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Wu ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
Yingnan Guo ◽  
Miho Hirooka ◽  
Gongliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rice ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare the potentials to exhibit biologically-active antioxidant actions between white rice (WR) and brown rice (BR) in in vitro assays and a cellular model. The Trolox equivalent (TE) per 1 mg ethanol extract of WR for the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay was slightly higher than that of BR, whereas the TE per 1 g whole WR was much lower than that for BR. This tendency was very comparable to those for the oxygen radical absorbance capacity and total polyphenol content. Both of the ethanol extracts also similarly suppressed the hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and enhanced the gene expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Based on the αT quantity, its contribution to the cytoprotective effect of the rice extracts is very limited. Taken together, the ethanol extract of WR might be a qualitatively, but not quantitatively, equivalent source of antioxidative phytochemicals to that of BR.

The Neuroprotective Effect of Picroside II from Hu-Huang-Lian against Oxidative Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Li ◽  
Jian-Wen Liu ◽  
Xiao-Dong Zhang ◽  
Ming-Chuan Guo ◽  
Guang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Picroside Ii ◽  
Pre Treatment

Picroside II is an active constituent extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Hu-Huang-Lian. To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of picroside II, PC12 cells were treated with glutamate in vitro and male ICR mice were treated with AlCl 3in vivo. Pre-treatment of PC12 cells with picroside II could enhance the cell viability and decrease the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by glutamate. By DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry assay, picroside II (1.2 mg/ml) significantly prevented glutamate-induced cell apoptosis. In the animal study, amnesia was induced in mice by AlCl 3 (100 mg/kg/d, i.v.). Pricroside II, at the dose of 20 and 40 mg/kg/d (i.g.), markedly ameliorated AlCl 3-induced learning and memory dysfunctions and attenuated AlCl 3-induced histological changes. This was associated with the significant increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the brain of experimental mice. All these results indicated that picroside II possessed the therapeutic potential in protecting against neurological injuries damaged by oxidative stress.

Evaluation of an In Vitro Bioassay for the Detection of Purified Ricin and Castor Bean in Beverages and Liquid Food Matrices

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2377-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER L. BRZEZINSKI ◽  
DAVID L. CRAFT
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Jurkat Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Vitro Assay

The potential use of ricin as a biological weapon in food highlights the necessity for the development of food-specific detection methods. Current methods for the detection of ricin consist of various immunoassays, which detect only one subunit of the ricin toxin and therefore may not be indicative of a biologically active molecule. An in vivo assay, such as a mouse bioassay, can indicate the biological activity of the toxin; however, this method is not feasible for laboratories that do not have animal testing facilities. The purpose of this study was to develop an in vitro assay for the detection of biologically active ricin in beverages and liquid foods. Acidic and high-protein beverages were spiked with either purified ricin or ground castor beans and added to cultured human Jurkat cells. After an overnight incubation, the supernatant was tested for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity with a colorimetric assay. LDH was released from the cytosol upon cell damage and was positively correlated with cell death. Ricin was detectable in all the matrices tested, with a sensitivity of 10 to 100 pg/ml. Biologically active ricin was detectable in all the matrices incubated with ground castor bean material. This method provides a confirmatory way to detect biologically active ricin that can be utilized by laboratories lacking animal facilities.

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