White rice ethanol extract is qualitatively, but not quantitatively, equivalent to that of brown rice as an antioxidant source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Wu ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
Yingnan Guo ◽  
Miho Hirooka ◽  
Gongliang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rice ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Abstract The purpose of this study is to compare the potentials to exhibit biologically-active antioxidant actions between white rice (WR) and brown rice (BR) in in vitro assays and a cellular model. The Trolox equivalent (TE) per 1 mg ethanol extract of WR for the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay was slightly higher than that of BR, whereas the TE per 1 g whole WR was much lower than that for BR. This tendency was very comparable to those for the oxygen radical absorbance capacity and total polyphenol content. Both of the ethanol extracts also similarly suppressed the hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and enhanced the gene expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Based on the αT quantity, its contribution to the cytoprotective effect of the rice extracts is very limited. Taken together, the ethanol extract of WR might be a qualitatively, but not quantitatively, equivalent source of antioxidative phytochemicals to that of BR.

scholarly journals Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Elecampane (Inula helenium) Roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Petkova ◽  
Ivan Ivanov ◽  
Radka Vrancheva ◽  
Panteley Denev ◽  
Atanas Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Inula Helenium ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The aim of the current research was to perform two “green chemistry” extractions (ultrasound and microwave irradiation) with methanol, 70% (v/v) ethanol and water for extraction of biologically active substances from elecampane ( Inula helenium L.) roots and to compare their contents in all extracts. The presence of carbohydrates (sugars, fructooligosaccharides and inulin), total phenols and flavonoids were established. In vitro antioxidant potential was also evaluated by four assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC). Water extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) showed the highest value of inulin (38 g/100 g dry weight plant material). The highest antioxidant activity was possessed by the 70% (v/v) ethanol extracts obtained by UAE: DPPH – 107.2 mM TE/g dw, ABTS – 86.0 mM TE/g dw, FRAP – 67.0 mM TE/g dw and CUPRAC −173.0 mM TE/g dw, respectively. The reason for this probably depended on the highest content of total phenols in the 70% UAE ethanol extract {7.9 mg GAE/g dw, phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, sinapic and ferulic acids)}, especially chlorogenic acid (1.84 mg/g) and flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and catechin; 26.4 mg QE/g dw). UAE was evaluated as a promising approach for the simultaneous extraction of bioactive compounds (dietary fibers and antioxidants) from elecampane roots in comparison with microwave irradiation.

Evaluation of Snake Venom’s PhospholipaseA2 Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Cyphostemma adenocoule

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Atul Kaushik ◽  
Teamrat S. Tesfai ◽  
Daniel K. Barkh ◽  
Furtuna K. Ghebremeskel ◽  
Habtom G. Zerihun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background: A snake bite is fundamentally an injury often resulting in puncture wounds meted out by the animal's fangs and occasionally resulting in envenomation. Rate of snake bites around 5,400,000 bites per year leads to over 2,500,000 envenomings and around 125,000 fatal cases annually. Snake venom enzymes are rich in metalloproteinases, phospholipaseA2, proteinases, acetylcholinesterases and hyaluronidases. Objective: Cyphostemma adenocoule is traditionally being used for the treatment of snake bites in Eritrea. The present research was aimed at evaluating the snake venom enzyme inhibition activity of C. adenocoule against puff adder venom and developing a base for the traditional use of the plant against snakebites in Eritrea. Methods: The anti-venom activity of C. adenocoule was assessed in-vitro through phospholipaseA2 enzyme inhibition assay using egg yolk as a cell. The ethanol and chloroform extracts of C. adenocoule showed in vitro anti phospholipase A2 activity, whereas the water extracts of the plant showed no activity. Results: Among the extracts of C. adenocoule, the highest percentage of inhibition was obtained from chloroform extract (95.55% at 100mg/ml). The extract showed prominent activity at different concentrations (34.7% at10mg/ml, 48.8% at 20mg/ml, 54.8% at 40mg/ml, 60.9% at 60mg/ml, 80.5% at 80mg /ml). The ethanol extract also showed certain activity at various concentrations (25.22% at10mg/ml, 14.78% at 20mg/ml, 2.6% at40mg/ml). The activity of the chloroform extracts increases as concentration increases, whereas the activity of the ethanol extracts decreases as concentration increases. The aqueous extract of C. adenocoule did not show any activity at all concentrations. Conclusion: In this study, the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the plant inhibited the enzyme of interest and thus proved the efficacy of anti-snake venom activity of the plant.

scholarly journals Reduced bioavailability of cyclosporine A in rats by mung bean seed coat extract

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597
Author(s):  
Xiping Li ◽  
Ping Gao ◽  
Chengliang Zhang ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Yanjiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cyclosporine A ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Bean Seed ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
T Values

Mung bean seed coat (MBSC) is a healthcare product in Asian countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an MBSC ethanol extract on the bioavailability of cyclosporine A (CsA) in rats. Rats were orally dosed with CsA alone or in combination with MBSC ethanol extracts (500 mg/kg, p.o.). The blood levels of CsA were assayed by liquid chromatography with an electrospray ionization source and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The everted rat intestinal sac technique was used to determine the influence of MBSC on the absorption of CsA. The results reveal that combined CsA intake with MBSC decreased the Cmax, AUC0-t, t1/2z and MRT0-t values of CsA by 24.96%, 47.28%, 34.73% and 23.58%, respectively (P<0.05), and significantly raised the CL/F by 51.97% (P<0.01). The in vitro results demonstrated that significantly less CsA was absorbed (P<0.05). The overall results indicate that after being concomitantly ingested, MBSC reduced the bioavailability of CsA, at least partially, in the absorption phase.

scholarly journals Kisspeptin-10 Inhibits Angiogenesis in Human Placental Vessels ex Vivo and Endothelial Cells in Vitro

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 5927-5934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thayalini Ramaesh ◽  
James J. Logie ◽  
Antonia K. Roseweir ◽  
Robert P. Millar ◽  
Brian R. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation

Recent studies suggest that kisspeptin (a neuropeptide central to the regulation of gonadotrophin secretion) has diverse roles in human physiology, including a putative role in implantation and placental function. Kisspeptin and its receptor are present in human blood vessels, where they mediate vasoconstriction, and kisspeptin is known to inhibit tumor metastasis and trophoblast invasion, both processes involving angiogenesis. We hypothesized that kisspeptin contributes to the regulation of angiogenesis in the reproductive system. The presence of the kisspeptin receptor was confirmed in human placental blood vessels and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using immunochemistry. The ability of kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) (a shorter biologically active processed peptide) to inhibit angiogenesis was tested in explanted human placental arteries and HUVEC using complementary ex vivo and in vitro assays. KP-10 inhibited new vessel sprouting from placental arteries embedded in Matrigel and tube-like structure formation by HUVEC, in a concentration-dependent manner. KP-10 had no effect on HUVEC viability or apoptosis but induced concentration-dependent inhibition of proliferation and migration. In conclusion, KP-10 has antiangiogenic effects and, given its high expression in the placenta, may contribute to the regulation of angiogenesis in this tissue.

scholarly journals In-vitro Control of Oral Thrush Causal Organisms Using Medicinal Plants Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Abosede M. EBABHI ◽  
Adedotun A. ADEKUNLE ◽  
Yoma I. OGHENERHABOKE
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Oral Thrush ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Oral hygiene is important to the generality of the human healthcare system. For this, the antifungal activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of four medicinal plants of Jatropha curcas (stem), Eucaluptus golbulus (leaves), Vernonia amygdalina (stem) and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (root) were carried out in vitro against three species of Candida associated with oral thrush namely C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis using the disc diffusion agar assay. The zones of inhibition varied with the test organisms as well as the extracts. The ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas showed the highest zone of inhibition of 10.88 ± 0.22 mm against C. albicans while the least zone of inhibition (6.13 ± 0.13 mm) was exhibited by the ethanol extract of Z. zanthoxyloides on C. glabrata. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids and reducing sugar in all plant samples. This study can be further used as a foundation for the screening of phytochemical constituents by pharmaceuticals for the control and eradication of oral thrush.

In vitro evaluation of antisickling activity of herbal combination of three medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
O.O. Amujoyegbe ◽  
M. Idu ◽  
J.M. Agbedahunsi ◽  
G.N. Bazuaye
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
African People ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium ◽  
Cell Disorder

Sickle cell disorder is a genetic ailment with enormous social and economic burden for patients and caregivers. The most promising management apart from being expensive particularly for poor African people, faces some major incompatibility problems. The patients consequently rely on herbal therapy which could be prepared in single or combination forms to manage the painful episodes and its complications. This present study aimed to formulate polyherbal combination and evaluate three purposively selected plants previously reported for their antisickling activities. The polyherbal products were formulated using both aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts into different combinational ratio with the best in 1:1:1 and evaluated for its antisickling activity. The antisickling activity involved both the inhibitory and reversal effects at varying concentrations from 1.0 mg/ml to 6.0 mg/ml using ciklavit as the positive control. The best inhibitory activity was found in ethanol extract of Piper guineense, Gongronema latifolium and Cymbopogon citratus (PGC) with 70.09 ± 0.67% when compared with the positive control (59.25 ± 0.05%) at 4.0 mg/mg while the reversal ability was 67.87 ± 1.23%. The aqueous extracts of the combinations had activity above 50% with the exception of PGC (2:3:1) which is a little less than 50% (46.67 ± 0.98%) while the highest was 60.02 ± 0.87%. The polyherbal ethanol extract had better effects than the aqueous extract and the standard drug used in this study.

Dynamics of Texture Change and in Vitro Starch Digestibility with High-Pressure, Freeze-Thaw Cycle, and Germination-Parboiling Treatments of Brown Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Songming Zhu ◽  
Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy ◽  
Yang Du ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

HighlightsFreeze-thaw cycle (FTC) treated brown rice texture was much closer to white rice texture.Both high-pressure (HP) and FTC treatment helped to moderate the bran layer of brown rice.FTC treatment of brown rice resulted in higher conversion to resistant starch.The glycemic index of treated rice correlated positively with the amylose/amylopectin ratio.Abstract. High-pressure (HP), freeze-thaw cycle (FTC), and germination-parboiling (GP) treatments were used to improve the texture characteristics and in vitro digestibility of starch in brown rice (BR). The texture of FTC-treated BR was the closest to the texture of white rice. Improved water absorption ratio, HP and FTC induced modification of the bran layer, and GP induced partial starch gelatinization were considered to be responsible for improving the texture of BR. All treatments improved the in vitro digestibility of BR starch, and FTC &lt; HP &lt; GP with respect to the order of increase. FTC treatment also resulted in the minimal glycemic index (GI), while GP treatment resulted in higher GI. In general, the amylose content was lower for untreated BR than for treated BR. Further, the HP, GP, and FTC treatments showed improved amylose/amylopectin ratios. HP and GP decreased the gelatinization enthalpy, while FTC increased it. GI had a positive correlation with amylose content and amylose/amylopectin ratio, while gelatinization enthalpy had a negative correlation. Keywords: Brown rice, Freeze-thaw cycle, Germination-parboiling, High pressure, Starch in vitro digestibility, Texture.

In vitro antifilarial activity of extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum against Brugia pahangi

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khunkitti ◽  
Y. Fujimaki ◽  
Y. Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Antifilarial Activity

AbstractThe in vitro effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of the medicinal plant Cardiospermum halicacabum on adult worms and microfilariae of Brugia pahangi were investigated. With or without the plant extracts in culture medium, the motility of adult worms, microfilariae and microfilarial release from female worms were monitored daily. After 7 days of culture, viability or tissue damage of adult worms was assessed using the MTT assay. At > 500 μg ml-1, the aqueous extract significantly reduced motility of adult females after 24 h of exposure and adult males after 3 days. The aqueous extract, at > 500 μg ml-1, also significantly reduced microfilarial release from female worms, starting on day 2. The reduction in the motility of adult worms and the pattern of microfilarial release from female worms were concentration and time dependent. The MTT assay results revealed that adult worms cultured in the presence of aqueous extracts at > 500 μg ml-1 were damaged. However, the aqueous extract did not affect the motility of microfilariae with the exception of those in higher concentration extracts. Higher concentrations of ethanol extracts (2 mg ml-1) inhibited both the motility of adult worms and the release of microfilariae from females. Little effect of ethanol extracts was detected by the MTT assay, as only slight damage was caused to worms exposed only to the highest concentration (2 mg ml-1). However, ethanol extract at 500 μg ml-1 rapidly reduced the motility of microfilariae on day 2. The present study revealed that an aqueous extract of C. halicacabum has mild but definite direct macrofilaricidal action on B. pahangi.

scholarly journals Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) sebagai Antioksidan dan Antiinflamasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Yupi Yulianita Arifin ◽  
Dimas Andrianto ◽  
Didah Nur Faridah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Belimbing wuluh merupakan tanaman jenis buah dan obat tradisional. Tanaman belimbing wuluh sudah sering dimanfaatkan masyarakat salah satunya untuk mengobati penyakit seperti batuk dan radang rektum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji senyawa fitokimia, menganalisis kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid, serta aktivitas antioksidan dan antiinflamasi secara in vitro pada ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi daun belimbing wuluh, skrining fitokimia, perhitungan total fenol dan flavonoid, uji aktivitas antioksidan, dan uji aktivitas antiinflamasi. Senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung pada ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh adalah saponin, tanin, steroid, flavonoid, dan alkaloid. Kandungan total fenolik dan flavonoid ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh secara berturut-turut sebesar 39,03 dan 97,28 µg QE/mg. Ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tergolong sangat kuat, sementara aktivitas antiinflamasinya terutama ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi ekstrak 200 µg/ ml, memiliki nilai persen inhibisi hemolisis yang paling tinggi. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak etanol daun belimbing wuluh dapat menjadi salah satu sumber antioksidan dan antiinflamasi alami.Ethanol Extracts of Averrhoa Bilimbi Leaf Demonstrated Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory ActivityAbstractAverrhoa bilimbi, a fruit-bearing plant, has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes such as treatment of cough and rectal inflammation. In this current work, ethanol extract of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf was analyzed, with regard to phytochemical composition, i.e. total phenolic, and flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antiinflammation activity. Extraction of carambola leaves, phytochemical screening, total phenolic and flavonoid contens, assay of antioxidant activity, and assay of anti-inflammatory activity were done in this research. As a result, the leaf extract positively contained some phytochemical compounds, i.e. saponin, tannin, steroid, flavonoid, and alkaloid. Furthermore, total phenolic and flavonoid of the leaf extract was found at 39.03 and 97.28 µg QE/mg extract, respectively. Additionally, antioxidant activity of the leaf extract was classified as very strong, while its anti-inflammatory feature at extract concentration of 200 µg/ml exhibited the highest inhibition of hemolysis. In summary, the ability of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf ethanol extracts to act as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agents was determined and this may open the use for natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity of Indian Propolis - An In Vitro Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubharani Ramnath ◽  
Sivaram Venkataramegowda
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds

Antioxidants from the natural products are essential to prevent the progression of free radical mediated diseases. In the present study, ethanol extract of propolis collected from different geographical origin were evaluated for their free radical scavenging potential by employing different in-vitro assays such as DPPH, ABTS, Nitric oxide and Hydrogen peroxide. All the tested samples contained considerable amount of total phenols and vitamin C content. In the entire assay, the percentage of inhibition increased with the increase in concentration. Among the propolis samples collected, the highest activity was found in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Haryana. The difference in the antioxidant activity level was obtained from the assay may reflect a relative difference in the ability of antioxidant compounds to scavenge different free radicals in the extract. Phenols and vitamin C are the major contributors to antioxidant activity in propolis. The propolis from these locations may be of considerable interest in preventing the ill effects of excessive free radical generation in the human body.

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