scholarly journals Study on Failure Mechanism and Phase Transformation of 304 Stainless Steel during Erosion Wear

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Youjun Ye ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xingxing Lv ◽  
Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Slip Lines

In this paper, the failure mechanism and phase transformation process of 304 stainless steel during the erosion wear process were studied with a rotary erosion wear test device. The surface morphologies of the worn 304 stainless steel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The metallographic structures of the nonworn and worn 304 stainless steel were analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the surface hardness on different areas of the sample was also measured. The results demonstrated that the failure mechanism of 304 stainless steel during the process of erosion wear was cutting and spalling caused by plastic deformation. The high-density dislocations move along the slip planes between slip lines, which resulted in the formation of martensite phase between the slip lines. Meanwhile, the martensitic transformation on the worn surface caused by severe plastic deformation was the coordination of dislocation martensite and twin martensite.

Compatibility between the Molten Mg-25Al-15Zn-14Cu Alloy and Stainless Steel for Phase-Transformation Thermal Storage Facility

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1099-1103
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Ai ◽  
Xiao Ming Fan ◽  
Chang Lei ◽  
Xiao Min Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Corrosion Layer ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Storage Facility

The compatibility of molten Mg-25Al-15Zn-14Cu alloy with several candidate vessel shell materials such as 304 stainless steel, 201 stainless steel for phase-transformation thermal storage facility were evaluated by means of immersion corrosion test at 500°C for 1000 h. The microstructure, element distribution and surface corrosion layer structure and phase composition of the cross section of corrosion samples were analyzed by using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA). The results show that two kinds of stainless steel have good compatibility in the molten Mg-25Al-15Zn-14Cu alloy. The thickness of the erosion layer is less than 0.1mm. The corrosion interface of corrosive material in the molten Mg-25Al-15Zn-14Cu alloy can be divided into the base layer, the diffusion layer, the corrosion layer, segregation layer (C, Cr, Ni), linked coating layer.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Martensitic Transformation in Xe-implanted Austenitic 304 Stainless Steel

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1751-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Xie ◽  
Minghui Song ◽  
Kazutaka Mitsuishi ◽  
Kazuo Furuya
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Steel Specimen ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Orientation Relationships ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bcc Phase

Thin film specimens of austenitic 304 stainless steel implanted with 100 keV Xe ions at room temperature were investigated. Microstructural evolution and phase transformation were characterized and analyzed in situ with conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The phase transformation in a sequence from austenitic γ face-centered cubic (fcc) to hexagonal close-packed (hcp), and then to a martensitic α body-centered cubic (bcc) structure was observed in the implanted specimens. The fraction of the induced α(bcc) phase increased with increasing Xe ion fluence. Orientation relationships between the induced α(bcc) phase and austenitic γ(fcc) matrix were determined to be (011)α//(111)γ and [111]α//[011]γ. The relationship was independent of the induced process of the martensitic phase transformation for austenitic 304 stainless steel specimen, in agreement with the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K-S) rule. It is suggested that the phase transformation is induced mainly by the formation of the highly pressurized Xe precipitates, which generate a large stress level in stainless steels.

Passivity of Type 304 Stainless Steel–Effect of Plastic Deformation

CORROSION ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Elayaperumal ◽  
P. K. De ◽  
J. Balachandra
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

Magnetic Characterization of SUS316L Deformed by High Pressure Torsion

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1300-1303
Author(s):  
Hong Cai Wang ◽  
Minoru Umemoto ◽  
Innocent Shuro ◽  
Yoshikazu Todaka ◽  
Ho Hung Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Austenitic Matrix ◽  
Magnetic Characterization

SUS316L austenitic stainless steel was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by the method of high pressure torsion (HPT). From a fully austenitic matrix (γ), HPT resulted in phase transformation from g®a¢. The largest volume fraction of 70% a¢ was obtained at 0.2 revolutions per minute (rpm) while was limited to 3% at 5rpm. Pre-straining of g by HPT at 5rpm decreases the volume fraction of a¢ obtained by HPT at 0.2rpm. By HPT at 5rpm, a¢®g reverse transformation was observed for a¢ produced by HPT at 0.2rpm.

scholarly journals Surface composition and near-surface hardness studies on high dose boron-implanted 304 stainless steel

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Goel ◽  
N D Sharma ◽  
R K Mohindra ◽  
P K Ghosh ◽  
M C Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Near Surface

Failure Mechanism of Ultra-High Pressure Fluid Control Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Xin Long Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Inclusion Content ◽  
Ultra High Pressure ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Fields

The square elbows used in oil and gas fields were often failed because of serious erosion. Some of the products even burst. In this paper, the failure mechanism of square elbow was investigated by using electron microscopy (OM), electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The research results show that the elbow products failed due to its low impact toughness after carburizing and quenching. The erosion angle is nearly ninety-degree. By increasing the tempering temperature, reducing the surface hardness and improving toughness, the serious erosion phenomenon can be effectively avoided. There are two main reasons of the elbow products burst. One reason is the high inclusion content of the material. The other is the low impact toughness. Raising the quality specification of materials can appropriate increase the low impact toughness after heat treatment. It is pointed out that the product would be more safety by improve its impact toughness.

Fracture Failure Analysis of 304 Stainless Steel Elbow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yian Wang ◽  
Guoshan Xie ◽  
Libin Song ◽  
Meng He ◽  
Fakun Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Delayed Cracking

A cracking incident of a 304 stainless steel elbow serving in the synthesis gas purification device occurred during running. In order to get an understanding of the failure mechanism, a failure analysis was performed on the cracked elbow in this paper. The chemical composition, mechanical properties of strength, toughness and hardness, hydrogen content were identified and determined. The metallographical structure was observed and analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the chemical composition of the cracked elbow meet the requirements for China standard, while comparing with GB/T 14976-2012 standards, the strength and elongation of the leaked elbow are higher and lower respectively, and the hardness of the leaked elbow was higher than quality certificate documents that of HB ⩽ 187. Large quantities of martensite and δ-ferrite were observed in elbow, which indicated that the elbow was not well solid solution heat treated required by specification (1050°C,30min). The fracture morphology presents typical brittle fracture. The hydrogen content of cracked elbow was significant higher than that of other 304 stainless steel elbow serving in the environment without hydrogen. It is acknowledged that martensite showed higher sensitivity of hydrogen embrittlement compared with austenite. Furthermore, the operating temperature of cracked elbow was in the range of high hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. Depending on the metallographical structure, strength, service environment, hydrogen content and fracture morphology, it can be concluded that hydrogen induced delayed cracking was the dominant mechanism of the failure.

Research on the Failure Mechanism of Pitting Corrosion of the 304 Stainless Steel in Chloride Ions Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yi Pan ◽  
Rong Fa Chen ◽  
Du Xiong Wang ◽  
Guo Sheng Cai ◽  
Xian Liang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Ion Impact

The Mechanism of 304 Stainless Steel Pitting Corrosion Was Researched in Chloride Ions Environment. the Metallographic Microstructure of Areas near the Pitting Corrosion and Far Away from the Pitting Corrosion Were Observed by the Metallographic Experiment；Cr Content of the Sample Was Determined by EDXRF, to Prove Chloride Ion Impact on the Element Cr of 304 Stainless Steel. Finally, Corrosion Rate of Specimens Was Determined by Piecewise Experiment Method to Prove Otherness for Corrosion Rate in Different Period of 304 Stainless Steel in Chloride Ions Environment.

Hydrogen induced plastic deformation of stainless steel

1998 ◽  
Vol 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Gadgil ◽  
E. G. Keima ◽  
H. J. M. Geijselaers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Dislocation Substructure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Aqueous Environments

ABSTRACTHydrogen can influence the behaviour of materials significantly. The effects of hydrogen are specially pronounced in high fugacities of hydrogen which can occur at the surface of steels in contact with certain aqueous environments. In this investigation the effect of high fugacity hydrogen on the surface of stainless steel was investigated using electrochemical cathodic charging. Microhardness was measured on the cross section. Transmission electron microscopy was used to investigate the dislocation substructure just below the surface. Computer simulation using finite element method was carried out to estimate the extent and severity of the deformation. The significance of the results are discussed in relation to the loss of ductility due to hydrogen.

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