Corrosion Mechanisms of High-Mn Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels: A Critical Review

Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels have higher strength and ductility than conventional steels. Deformation mechanisms producing twins that prevent gliding and stacking of dislocations cause a higher ductility than that of steel grades with the same strength. TWIP steels are considered to be within the new generation of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). However, some aspects, such as the corrosion resistance and performance in service of TWIP steel materials, need more research. Application of TWIP steels in the automotive industry requires a proper investigation of corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanisms, which would indicate the optimum degree of protection and the possible decrease in costs. In general, Fe−Mn-based TWIP steel alloys can passivate in oxidizing acid, neutral, and basic solutions, however they cannot passivate in reducing acid or active chloride solutions. TWIP steels have become as a potential material of interest for automotive applications due to their effectiveness, impact resistance, and negligible harm to the environment. The mechanical and corrosion performance of TWIP steels is subjected to the manufacturing and processing steps, like forging and casting, elemental composition, and thermo-mechanical treatment. Corrosion of TWIP steels caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors has posed a serious problem for their use. Passivity breakdown caused by pitting, and galvanic corrosion due to phase segregation are widely described and their critical mechanisms examined. Numerous studies have been performed to study corrosion behavior and passivation of TWIP steel. Despite the large number of articles on corrosion, few comprehensive reports have been published on this topic. The current trend for development of corrosion resistance TWIP steel is thoroughly studied and represented, showing the key mechanisms and factors influencing corrosion processes, and its consequences on TWIP steel. In addition, suggestions for future works and gaps in the literature are considered.

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Corrosion Behavior and Galvanic Corrosion Resistance of WC and Cr3C2 Cermet Coatings in Madeira River Water

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology ◽

10.1007/s11666-021-01152-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Augusto Luiz ◽

Juliano de Andrade ◽

Camila Melo Pesqueira ◽

Irene Bida de Araújo Fernandes Siqueira ◽

Gustavo Bavaresco Sucharski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

River Water ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Galvanic Corrosion ◽

Cermet Coatings ◽

Madeira River

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Computational and Experimental Insights into the Role of Acidic Molecules on the Corrosion Behavior on 7A46 Aluminum Alloy

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.19087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 2221-2233

Author(s):

Yaru Liu ◽

Qinglin Pan ◽

Xiangdong Wang ◽

Ye Ji ◽

Qicheng Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

First Principles ◽

First Principles Calculations ◽

Corrosive Media ◽

Corrosion Depth ◽

Corrosion Mechanisms ◽

Nanoscale Level

The corrosion mechanisms for different corrosive media on the aged 7A46 aluminum alloy were systematically investigated at nanoscale level. The combination of empirical intergranular and exfoliation corrosion behavior was employed, and coupled with first-principles calculations. Results revealed that the dispersed distribution of matrix precipitates (MPs) leads to the enhancement of the corrosion resistance pre-ageing (PA) followed by double-ageing (PA-DA) alloy. The deepest corrosion depth of PA-DA alloy was in hydrochloric acid, and the calculation result demonstrates that the passivation effect in combination with the accumulation of corrosion products in nitric acid protect the PA-DA alloy from further corrosion.

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Influences of Zinc Content and Solution Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Zn Binary Alloys

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/3672 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dinh Pham ◽

Sachiko Hiromoto ◽

Equo Kobayashi

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Galvanic Corrosion ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Eutectic Cell ◽

Zn Content ◽

Cast Alloys

The influences of Zn content and heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion behavior of Mg-xZn (x=1, 3, 5 and 7 wt.%) alloys were studied. (α-Mg + MgZn) eutectic cells and Zn-segregated regions were formed in the as-cast alloys. The Zn-rich phases acted as micro-cathodes in galvanic corrosion. Volume fraction of the Zn-rich phases increased with Zn content of the as-cast alloys, leading to a decrease in corrosion resistance. The corrosion rate of the as-cast alloys increased by 4 times with an increase of the volume fraction of eutectic cell from 0.07 vol.% of Mg-1Zn alloy to 2.18 vol.% of Mg-5Zn alloy. The corrosion rate of Mg-7Zn alloy with 2.87 vol% eutectic cells was 2 times higher than that of Mg-5Zn alloy. The Zn-rich phases dissolved by the T4 treatment and only the T4-treated Mg-7Zn alloy obviously showed eutectic cells of 1.73 vol.%. The polarization resistance (Rp) of the T4-treated Mg-1, 3 and 5Zn alloys was 2-10 times higher than that of the as-cast alloys. The T4-treated Mg-7Zn showed similar Rp to the as-cast Mg-5Zn alloy. Consequently, the volume fraction of Zn-rich phases dominated the corrosion resistance of Mg-xZn alloys.

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Corrosion Resistance of Al/SiC Laser Cladding Coatings on AA6082

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10070673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 673

Author(s):

Ainhoa Riquelme ◽

Pilar Rodrigo ◽

María Dolores Escalera-Rodríguez ◽

Joaquín Rams

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Laser Cladding ◽

Aluminum Matrix ◽

Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

The Matrix ◽

Corrosion Mechanisms ◽

Silicon Carbide Particles ◽

Carbide Particles

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide particles (SiCp) were deposited by laser cladding on AA6082 aluminum alloy. Different compositions of the matrix of the composites coating were used and different amounts of Si and Ti were added to a base of Al-12Si in order to control the reactivity between molten aluminum and SiCp during laser cladding. The corrosion behavior of the coatings deposited was evaluated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using gravimetric analyses and electrochemical polarization tests. The corrosion products observed were Al(OH)3 and Al2O3, and they formed a layer that limited the evolution of corrosion. However, the presence of discontinuities in it reduced the corrosion resistance of the coating. The corrosion mechanisms were different depending on the coating composition. The addiction of Ti to the alloy allowed for better corrosion behavior for the composite coating than that of the aluminum substrate.

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Wear Resistance under Non-Lubricated Condition of Nb-Containing TWIP Steel

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (61) ◽

pp. 3765-3771

Author(s):

V.H. Mercado ◽

I. Mejía ◽

Y. Salinas-Escutia ◽

A. Bedolla-Jacuinde

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Twip Steel ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Research Work ◽

High Strength Steels ◽

Mechanical Twinning ◽

High Manganese ◽

Structural Applications ◽

Twip Steels ◽

Nb Addition

ABSTRACTTwinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels are one of the most attractive advanced high-strength steels for structural applications due to their unique combination of strength and ductility, which is associated with so-called “mechanical twinning”, where twins act as strong obstacles to the dislocation motion. In this context, Nb addition to TWIP steel increases the strength and refines grain size by nanoscale NbC precipitates. Nowadays, high-manganese TWIP steels are extensively studied. However, information in the specialized literature about their tribological properties is limited. This research work studies the wear behavior of high-manganese austenitic Fe–20Mn–1.5Si–1.5Al–0.4C TWIP steel microalloyed with Nb. The wear behavior was evaluated under non-lubricated sliding condition using the “pin-on-ring” technique. As-solution heat treated samples were worn under loads of 53, 104 and 154 N, and at sliding speeds of 0.22, 0.60 and 0.87 m/s. The wear resistance was evaluated in terms of the loss weight. Wear debris and worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In general, results show that the wear resistance significantly improves as the sliding speed increases. On the other hand, Nb addition to present TWIP steel produces a slight increase of the wear resistance. Also, it was found that the oxide layer plays a significant role in the wear resistance behavior of this kind of steel.

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Ab Initio Study of Weldability of a High-Manganese Austenitic Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel Microalloyed with Boron

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2016.15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1812 ◽

pp. 35-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Humberto Hernández-Belmontes ◽

Ignacio Mejía ◽

Cuauhtémoc Maldonado

Keyword(s):

Fusion Zone ◽

Twip Steel ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Research Work ◽

Base Material ◽

High Strength Steels ◽

High Strength ◽

Strengthening Mechanism ◽

Microstructural Changes ◽

Twip Steels

ABSTRACTHigh-Mn Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels are advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) currently under development; they are fully austenitic and characterized by twinning as the predominant strengthening mechanism. TWIP steels have high strength and formability with an elongation up to 80%, which allows reduction in automotive components weight and fuel consumption. Since the targeted application field of TWIP steels is the automotive industry, steels need high mechanical performance with good weldability and excellent corrosion resistance. However, there is lack of information about the weldability behavior of these advanced steels. This research work aims to study the weldability of a new generation of high-Mn austenitic TWIP steels microalloyed with B. Weldability was examined using spot welds produced by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. Microstructural changes were examined using light optical metallography. Segregation of elements in the weld joint was evaluated using point and elemental mapping chemical analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron-Dispersive Spectroscopy; while the hardness properties were examined with Vickers microhardness testing (HV25). Experimental results show that the welded joint microstructure consists of austenitic dendritic grains in the fusion zone, and equiaxed grains in the heat affected zone. Notably, the boron microalloyed TWIP steel exhibited poor weldability, showing hot cracking. Additionally, the studied TWIP steels showed a high degree of segregation in the fusion zone; Mn and Si segregated into the interdendritic regions, while Al and C preferentially segregated in dendritic areas. Finally, the welded joints of the TWIP steels showed microhardness values lower than the base material. In general, the present TWIP steels have problems of weldability, which are corroborated with microstructural changes, elements segregation and microhardness loss.

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Influence of Nb Microaddition on Microstructure and Texture Evolution in a Fe-21Mn-1.3Al-1.5Si-0.5C TWIP Steel under Uniaxial Hot-Tensile Conditions

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2017.600 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (61) ◽

pp. 3797-3803

Author(s):

A.E. Salas-Reyes ◽

I. Mejía ◽

J.M. Cabrera

Keyword(s):

Crystallographic Orientation ◽

Twip Steel ◽

Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽

Texture Evolution ◽

Constant Strain Rate ◽

High Strength Steels ◽

High Strength ◽

Orientation Distribution ◽

Deformation State ◽

Twip Steels

ABSTRACTAdvanced high-strength steels as Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels have been developed using microalloying elements and subsequent thermo-mechanical processing techniques. Moreover, under hot-working conditions, these steels undergo significant microstructural changes as a result of preferred crystallographic orientation (texture) of grains. In order to evaluate this behavior, one non-microalloyed and other single Nb-microalloyed TWIP steels were melted in an induction furnace and cast into metal and sand molds. Samples with austenitic grain sizes between 400 and 2000 µm were deformed at 800 °C and strained at a constant strain rate of 10-3 s-1, and deformation state was examined by means of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique near to the fracture tip. It was found that non-microalloyed TWIP steel solidified in both metal and sand mold exhibits dynamically recrystallized grains. On the other hand, Nb microaddition has a strong influence in TWIP steel retarding the onset of recrystallization kinetics, showing low angle sub-structured grains. Furthermore, it was possible identifying the crystallographic orientation of grains using the inverse pole figures (IPF) and the orientation distribution function (ODF). Weak cube {001}<100> recrystallization and E{111}<110> γ-fiber deformation textures components were detected.

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Effect of Manganese on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the Mg-3Al Alloys

Metals ◽

10.3390/met9040460 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 460 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yao ◽

Liu ◽

Zeng ◽

Li ◽

Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Galvanic Corrosion ◽

Intermetallic Phase ◽

Localized Corrosion ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Electrochemical Tests ◽

Microstructure Observation

Microstructure and corrosion behavior of the Mg-3Al-xMn (x = 0, 0.12, 0.21, 0.36, 0.45) (hereafter in wt.%) alloys were experimentally investigated by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical, and hydrogen evolution tests. A new self-constructed Mg-Al-Mn-Fe thermodynamic database was used to predict the solidification paths of the alloys. The addition of Mn showed no grain refinement in the cast Mg-3Al alloys. According to the microstructure observation, Al-Fe phases were observed in the non-Mn-added alloy, while Al8Mn5(LT) (Al8Mn5 in low temperature) became the main intermetallic phase in the Mn-added alloys, and the amount increased gradually with the Mn addition. The τ–Al0.89Mn1.11 phase with lower Al/(Fe + Mn) ratio was observed in the alloys with 0.36 and 0.45 wt.% Mn content. According to the electrochemical tests, all five alloys showed localized corrosion characteristics in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Compared with the Mg-3Al alloy, the corrosion resistance of Mn-added alloys were significantly improved and increased gradually with the Mn addition, which was due to the variation of Al-containing intermetallic compounds. The present experimental investigations and thermodynamic calculations confirmed the mechanism that the increasing amount of Al8Mn5(LT) with Mn addition could encapsulate the B2-Al(Mn,Fe) phase with higher Fe. Therefore, it could prevent this detrimental phase from contacting magnesium matrix, thus suppressing micro-galvanic corrosion and improving corrosion resistance gradually.

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Corrosion Mechanisms of New Wrought Mg-Al Based Alloys Alloying with Mn, Zn and Sn

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1880 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 941 ◽

pp. 1880-1885

Author(s):

Guy Ben Hamu ◽

Polina Metalnikov ◽

Dan Eliezer ◽

Kwang Seon Shin

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

High Strength ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Alloying Elements ◽

Corrosion Propagation ◽

Corrosion Mechanisms ◽

Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

The low density and high strength/weight ratio of magnesium (Mg) and magnesium alloys make them promising candidate materials in light-weight vehicle industries, such as automobile and aerospace, where poor corrosion resistance is a major obstacle in many of their wide-spread applications. Addition of alloying elements with production of wrought Mg alloys with finer microstructure results in enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The aim of this research is to study the changes in microstructure caused by addition of alloying elements (zinc (Zn), and tin (Sn)) to new wrought Mg-5Al alloy, and their influence on the alloy's corrosion behavior. The microstructure was investigated using optical and electron microscopy and EDS. The corrosion behavior was analyzed through electrochemical measurements and immersion test. It was found that the corrosion resistance of Mg-5Al alloy was improved by addition of alloying elements, and the amounts of these elements strongly influenced the corrosion behavior of the alloys. Nevertheless, the influence of alloying elements is different for short-term and long-term immersion periods, since the mechanisms of corrosion initiation and corrosion propagation are different.

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The Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Phosphated Carbon Steel Used at Carabiners Manufacturing

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.1.6885 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 215-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Diana Petronela Burduhos Nergis ◽

Carmen Nejneru ◽

Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis ◽

Cristian Savin ◽

Andrei Victor Sandu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Sea Water ◽

Galvanic Corrosion ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

Steel Corrosion ◽

Material Surface ◽

Fire Extinguishing ◽

Fall Arrest

The carabiners are metallic links used to quickly connect the components of personal fall arrest equipment. Because these systems are used in corrosive environments, the carabiners must possess good corrosion resistance properties. In order to improve these properties, a phosphate layer was chemically deposited by converting on the carabiner material surface. This paper presents the microscopic analysis of the phosphated layer and the galvanic corrosion behavior of phosphated carbon steel, coupled to duralumin and initial carbon steel. Corrosion resistance has been studied for Black Sea water and fire extinguishing solution.

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