Green Activated Magnetic Graphitic Carbon Oxide and Its Application for Hazardous Water Pollutants Removal

Graphitic carbon oxide (GCO) and magnetic graphitic carbon oxide (MGCO) were prepared from sugar via optimized green activation by employing ozone oxidation, and applied to wastewater treatment. The maximal oxidation and adsorption yield of pollutants were achieved at pH 2.0−4.0, which is the optimized pH for ozone oxidation of GC to generate GCO. As-prepared GCO and MGCO were characterized using X-ray, infrared, and microscopic techniques. The MGCO has enough saturation magnetization (MS) of 41.38 emu g−1 for separation of the sorbent from the reaction medium by applying an external magnetic field. Batch adsorption of radioactive and heavy metals (Th(IV), Pb(II)), and a dye (methylene blue (MB)) using GCO and MGCO was evaluated by varying the adsorbent dose, equilibrium pH, contact time, initial metal and dye concentrations, and kinetics and isotherms. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies indicated that Th(IV), Pb(II), and MB adsorption were best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm with R2 (correlation coefficient) > 0.99, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities for Th(IV), Pb(II), and MB were 52.63, 47.39, and 111.12 mg g−1 on GCO and 76.02, 71.94, and 76.92 mg g−1 on MGCO. GCO and MGCO are prospectively effective and low-cost adsorbents for ion removal in wastewater treatment. As prepared MGCO can be reused up to three cycles for Th(IV), Pb(II), and MB. This work provides fundamental information about the equilibrium adsorption isotherms and mechanisms for Th(IV), Pb(II), and MB on GCO and MGCO.

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Synthetic Wastewater Treatment using Agro-Based Adsorbents

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2021.10337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha MADIRAJU ◽

Yung-Tse HUNG ◽

Howard Hao-Che PAUL

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Low Cost ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Powdered Activated Carbon ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Peanut Hull ◽

Naphthol Green B

This study was undertaken to determine the treatment a binary mixture of dye wastewater (containing Naphthol Green B) and the sugar industry wastewater for removal of color. The specific treatment in the current research consists of adsorption using low-cost adsorbents and microfiltration using Whatman-41 microfilters. Considerations of this treatment process are to take the samples using batch adsorption and avoid coagulation with further dilution. Numerous runs are made, with the ideal waste samples prepared in the laboratory. As a 1st step in the study, different dye concentrations are considered using different concentrations of sugar wastewater. Samples are treated with 3 different Agro-based low-cost adsorbents (orange peel, peanut hull, and Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)). Transmittance values for Naphthol Green B after treatment with orange peel and peanut hull are 83.12 % and 76.98 % respectively. Peanut hull has the highest transmittance of 76.98 % with < 425 µm size. Orange peel contributes to the highest transmittance of 83.12 % with a 2 g dosage. The values of transmittance after treatment with PAC are taken as the datum for the comparison of adsorption performance after treatment using orange peel and peanut hull. Peanut hull has the highest Non-Purgeable Organic Carbon (NPOC) measurement of 37.86 mg/L when mixed with 600 ppm of sugar wastewater. Similarly, when mixed with 600 ppm of sugar wastewater, orange peel contributes to the NPOC value of 35.06 mg/L. These treated samples using low-cost adsorbents can be considered as pre-treated wastewater that can be sent to municipal wastewater treatment plants. HIGHLIGHTS Orange Peel and Peanut Hull are the Agro-based low-cost adsorbents for color removal Wastewater treated with Peanut Hull has high Non-Purgeable Organic Carbon measurement Peanut hull has the highest transmittance of 76.98 % with < 425µm size Orange peel contributes to the highest transmittance of 83.12 % with a 2 g dosage Powdered Activated Carbon is considered as a reference adsorbent in this study GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Utilization of Agro-based Adsorbents in Binary Wastewater Treatment

Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.30799/jespr.213.21070103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 451-454

Author(s):

Abhiram Siva Prasad Pamula ◽

Yung-Tse Hung ◽

Howard Hao-Che Paul

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

Low Cost ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Onion Peel ◽

Peanut Hull

The application of agro-based adsorbents is growing in the tertiary stage of the wastewater treatment process during the presence of hazardous pollutants. Dye and coffee industries are among the major wastewater pollutant sources negatively affect aquatic ecosystems and human health. The current study attempts to treat a binary mixture of crystal violet (CV) and coffee wastewater using agro-based adsorbents such as peanut hull and onion peel. The performance and efficacy of low-cost adsorbents were evaluated using parameters, including transmittance and non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC). Batch adsorption studies were conducted to optimize both the adsorbent size and dosage that affect the treatment process. The experimental data obtained from the experiment were analyzed to understand whether Langmuir or Freundlich best fits the treatment process's experimental data. It was observed that Langmuir isotherm seems to fit experimental data using peanut hull and Freundlich isotherm using onion peel. The kinetics of the adsorption process appears to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The regression coefficient value of onion peel was 0.91, and uptake was 58.14 mg/g. Similarly, using the peanut hull, the regression coefficient was 0.99, and uptake was 57.47 mg/g. It seems that peanut hull appears to perform better as a low-cost adsorbent compared to onion peel. The adsorption capacity increased with the increasing dosage of low-cost adsorbent (peanut hull) until the adsorbent size of 0.6-0.425 mm and steadily decreased after that.

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Kinetics and Equilibrium Modeling of Single and Binary Adsorption of Aluminum(III) and Copper(II) Onto Calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) Fruit Peels

Applied Science and Engineering Progress ◽

10.14416/j.asep.2021.11.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie G. Binauhan ◽

Adonis P. Adornado ◽

Lemmuel L. Tayo ◽

Allan N. Soriano ◽

Rugi Vicente C. Rubi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Low Cost ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Aqueous Systems ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Biosorption Process ◽

Future System ◽

Kinetics And Isotherms

The introduction of heavy metal wastes in the environment has posed health risks to both human and animals due to their toxicity. Since then, different studies have been explored for the possibility of utilizing new, low–cost, and sustainable adsorbent materials to get rid of heavy metals in the wastewater streams and aqueous solutions. This present study aimed to investigate and compare the adsorption ability of powdered calamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit peels (PCFP) for the elimination of both Al(III) and Cu(II) ions in single (non–competitive) and binary (competitive) aqueous systems by batch adsorption techniques. Scanning electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the surface morphologies for the biosorbent and quantify the removal rates of heavy metal, respectively. Models were then used to describe in detail about the adsorption kinetics and isotherms for both single and binary metal systems. The influence and dependency of different experimental conditions on adsorption performance were also analyzed. The PCFP derived biosorbent was successful in removal of both Al(III) and Cu(II) ions in single (non–competitive) and binary (competitive) aqueous systems with 99, 70 and 91% adsorption rates, respectively. The biosorption process follows the Ho’s pseudo–second order kinetics. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model was found helpful in explaining the adsorption mechanism. The dominating electrostatic interaction between adsorbents and adsorbates demonstrates monolayer adsorption at the binding sites on the surface of the peeling. Finally, the findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the adsorption process, as well as future system design applications in the treatment of heavy metal containing waste effluents.

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Wastewater Treatment Using Marine Algae Biomass as Pollutants Removal

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.5.6267 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 1089-1098

Author(s):

Elena Suzana Biris Dorhoi ◽

Maria Tofana ◽

Simona Maria Chis ◽

Carmen Elena Lupu ◽

Ticuta Negreanu Pirjol

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Green Algae ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Tap Water ◽

Ulva Lactuca ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Algae Biomass ◽

Marine Biomass ◽

Pollutants Removal

The valorification of the marine biomass is an important resource for many industries like pharmaceutical, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, sterols and collagen), cosmetics, biofertilizers and wastewater treatment. In the last years a special attention has been given to the use of macroalgae. The aim of this study was to emphasize the capacity of two representative green algae species frequent presents on the Romanian shore, Ulva lactuca (L.) and Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek, to remove two usual detergents from wastewater. The green algae washed, dried at room temperature, macerated to powder were introduced into different filter paper for comparison, then immersed in waste water treated with different concentrations of detergents. Tap water was used for the experiment. The results show that Ulva lactuca (L.) species is suitable than Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek species, for wastewater treatment.

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Kinetics and isotherm modeling of Pb(II) and Cd(II) sequestration from polluted water onto tropical ultisol obtained from Enugu Nigeria

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01402-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Theresa C. Umeh ◽

John K. Nduka ◽

Kovo G. Akpomie

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Environment ◽

Standard Technique ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Pseudo Second Order

AbstractDeterioration in soil–water environment severely contributed by heavy metal bioavailability and mobility on soil surface and sub-surface due to irrational increase in wastewater discharge and agrochemical activities. Therefore, the feasibility of adsorption characteristics of the soil is paramount in curbing the problem of micropollutant contamination in the farming vicinity. Soil from a farming site in a populated area in Enugu, Nigeria was collected and tested to measure the lead and cadmium contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The adsorption potency of the ultisol soil was estimated for identifiable physicochemical properties by standard technique. The mean activity concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was 15.68 mg/kg and 3.01 mg/kg. The pH, temperature, metal concentration and contact time adsorptive effect on the Pb2+ and Cd2+ uptake was evaluated by batch adsorption technique. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were fitted into equilibrium adsorption data and the calculated results depict a better and satisfactory correlation for Langmuir with higher linear regression coefficients (Pb2+, 0.935 and Cd2+, 0.971). On the basis of sorption capacity mechanism of the soil, pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics of both metal ions retention process. The results of the present study indicated that the soil being a low cost-effective adsorbent can be utilized to minimize the environmental risk impact of these metal ions.

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Roles and applications of enzymes for resistant pollutants removal in wastewater treatment

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125278 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 125278

Author(s):

Siran Feng ◽

Huu Hao Ngo ◽

Wenshan Guo ◽

Soon Woong Chang ◽

Dinh Duc Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Pollutants Removal

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Performance of Iron-Functionalized Activated Carbon Catalysts (Fe/AC-f) on CWPO Wastewater Treatment

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11030337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Sara Mesa Medina ◽

Ana Rey ◽

Carlos Durán-Valle ◽

Ana Bahamonde ◽

Marisol Faraldos

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Surface Composition ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Reaction Medium ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Water Matrix ◽

The Stability

Two commercial activated carbon were functionalized with nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and ethylenediamine to induce the modification of their surface functional groups and facilitate the stability of corresponding AC-supported iron catalysts (Fe/AC-f). Synthetized Fe/AC-f catalysts were characterized to determine bulk and surface composition (elemental analysis, emission spectroscopy, XPS), textural (N2 isotherms), and structural characteristics (XRD). All the Fe/AC-f catalysts were evaluated in the degradation of phenol in ultrapure water matrix by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). Complete pollutant removal at short reaction times (30–60 min) and high TOC reduction (XTOC = 80 % at ≤ 120 min) were always achieved at the conditions tested (500 mg·L−1 catalyst loading, 100 mg·L−1 phenol concentration, stoichiometric H2O2 dose, pH 3, 50 °C and 200 rpm), improving the results found with bare activated carbon supports. The lability of the interactions of iron with functionalized carbon support jeopardizes the stability of some catalysts. This fact could be associated to modifications of the induced surface chemistry after functionalization as a consequence of the iron immobilization procedure. The reusability was demonstrated by four consecutive CWPO cycles where the activity decreased from 1st to 3rd, to become recovered in the 4th run. Fe/AC-f catalysts were applied to treat two real water matrices: the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant with a membrane biological reactor (WWTP-MBR) and a landfill leachate, opening the opportunity to extend the use of these Fe/AC-f catalysts for complex wastewater matrices remediation. The degradation of phenol spiked WWTP-MBR effluent by CWPO using Fe/AC-f catalysts revealed pH of the reaction medium as a critical parameter to obtain complete elimination of the pollutant, only reached at pH 3. On the contrary, significant TOC removal, naturally found in complex landfill leachate, was obtained at natural pH 9 and half stoichiometric H2O2 dose. This highlights the importance of the water matrix in the optimization of the CWPO operating conditions.

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