Current Status of Metabolomic Biomarker Discovery: Impact of Study Design and Demographic Characteristics

Widespread application of omic technologies is evolving our understanding of population health and holds promise in providing precise guidance for selection of therapeutic interventions based on patient biology. The opportunity to use hundreds of analytes for diagnostic assessment of human health compared to the current use of 10–20 analytes will provide greater accuracy in deconstructing the complexity of human biology in disease states. Conventional biochemical measurements like cholesterol, creatinine, and urea nitrogen are currently used to assess health status; however, metabolomics captures a comprehensive set of analytes characterizing the human phenotype and its complex metabolic processes in real-time. Unlike conventional clinical analytes, metabolomic profiles are dramatically influenced by demographic and environmental factors that affect the range of normal values and increase the risk of false biomarker discovery. This review addresses the challenges and opportunities created by the evolving field of clinical metabolomics and highlights features of study design and bioinformatics necessary to maximize the utility of metabolomics data across demographic groups.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Current status of neuromuscular reversal and monitoring: challenges and opportunities.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726936964.793555946 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Guy Cammu

Keyword(s):

Current Status ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

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Restoration of smart grids: Current status, challenges, and opportunities

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.rser.2021.110909 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 110909

Author(s):

Dongming Fan ◽

Yi Ren ◽

Qiang Feng ◽

Yiliu Liu ◽

Zili Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smart Grids ◽

Current Status ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

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Current Status and Future Perspectives about Molecular Biomarkers of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13143490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3490

Author(s):

Pui Yan Siak ◽

Alan Soo-Beng Khoo ◽

Chee Onn Leong ◽

Boon-Peng Hoh ◽

Shiau-Chuen Cheah

Keyword(s):

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Southern China ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Late Presentation ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Current Status ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽

Potential Biomarker

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that shows a remarkable ethnic and geographical distribution. It is one of the major public health problems in some countries, especially Southern China and Southeast Asia, but rare in most Western countries. Multifactorial interactions such as Epstein–Barr virus infection, individual’s genetic susceptibility, as well as environmental and dietary factors may facilitate the pathogenesis of this malignancy. Late presentation and the complex nature of the disease have led it to become a major cause of mortality. Therefore, an effective, sensitive, and specific molecular biomarker is urgently needed for early disease diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent research status of potential biomarker discovery and the problems that need to be explored further for better NPC management. By studying the aberrant pattern of these candidate biomarkers that promote NPC development and progression, we are able to understand the complexity of this malignancy better, hence positing our stands better towards strategies that may provide a way forward to the discovery of more reliable and specific biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic development.

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Anxiety as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of depression: A narrative review of current status and conflicting findings

Health Psychology Open ◽

10.1177/2055102920987462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 205510292098746

Author(s):

Håvard R Karlsen ◽

Florian Matejschek ◽

Ingvild Saksvik-Lehouillier ◽

Eva Langvik

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Study Design ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Current Status ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Evidential Support ◽

Meta Analyses

The aim of this paper is to summarise and evaluate the empirical support for the association between anxiety and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to address challenges related to method and study design. We review results from meta-analyses and more recent findings on the association of anxiety and the risk of CVD. Depression and anxiety are often listed as psychosocial risk markers of CVD, but the role of anxiety as a risk factor for CVD has not received the same evidential support as the effects of depression. Through a narrative review we identified six meta-analyses as well as 15 recent large studies of anxiety and CVD that we summarise. Some of the conflicting findings may be artefacts of study design or population the sample is drawn from. Researchers should take care to be population specific, measurement specific and outcome specific, and to control for comorbid depression.

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Polymeric micelles as drug delivery systems in cancer: challenges and opportunities

Nanomedicine ◽

10.2217/nnm-2021-0081 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Swati Biswas

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Polymeric Micelles ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Clinical Translation ◽

Current Status ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

Tweetable abstract Micelles are nanocarriers for hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs. This editorial discusses the current status of preclinical micellar research and sheds light on the possibility of their clinical translation.

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Two-dimensional nanomaterials for photocatalytic CO2reduction to solar fuels

Sustainable Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1039/c7se00344g ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 1875-1898 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Yong Chen ◽

Gan Jia ◽

Yingfei Hu ◽

Guozheng Fan ◽

Yuen Hong Tsang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

2D Materials ◽

Solar Fuels ◽

Current Status ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

2D Nanomaterials

In this study, we summarize a series of typical 2D nanomaterials for photocatalytic CO2conversion. Furthermore, based on the characteristics of 2D materials and the current status of research on photocatalytic CO2reduction, the challenges and opportunities of 2D materials as prospective photocatalysts for CO2reduction will also be discussed.

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CURRENT PHARMACOLOGICAL STATUS OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE PLANTS AGAINST ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.24158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Syeda Nishat Fathima ◽

Vasudeva Murthy S

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Cardiac Biomarkers ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Current Status ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Heart Muscle Cells ◽

Modern Era

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the modern era. Myocardial infarction is a condition where there is a significant decrease or block in the blood (oxygen) supply to the part of heart, leading to degeneration of a portion of the myocardium which triggers a cascade of cellular, inflammatory and biochemical events, leading eventually to the irreversible death (necrosis) of heart muscle cells. Various therapeutic interventions, including lifestyle modification, pharmacological treatment options, and surgical techniques are available. The present review focus on the plants that have been evaluated for cardioprotective activity against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.Method: The current status of Cardioprotective plants was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2017 for publications on medicinal plants used against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol, Isoprenaline, myocardial infarction, cardioprotective were used as keywords for the searching.Result: A total of 117 different plant parts and their extracts have till now been published to possess cardioprotection against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol a beta-adrenergic receptors agonist causes severe stress in myocardium resulting in the infarct-like lesion and produced cardiotoxic effects by elevating the levels of cardiac biomarkers and causing changes in ECG. Plant-based medicines with their antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antihyperlipidemic, platelet antiaggregatory, anti-lipid peroxidation property provide substantial evidence for the management of Ischemia.Conclusion: This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants that have cardioprotective activity against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.

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Water and sanitation in Africa: current status, trends, challenges and opportunities

Infrastructure in Africa ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447326632.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

George Kararach ◽

Tito Yepes

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Water Security ◽

River Basins ◽

Current Status ◽

Institution Building ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

African Countries ◽

Hydrological Variability ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

Africa faces difficult water/sanitation legacies in the form of high hydrological variability and a multiplicity of transboundary river basins alongside poor sanitation. These challenges impeded the continent’s economic growth. Balanced investments in water resource and sanitation infrastructure and institutions are needed to increase productive uses of water, to mitigate the effect of recurrent floods and droughts, and to achieve basic water security as a platform for Africa’s economic growth. Priority should be given to investments that (a) focus on growth, (b) reduce rural poverty, (c) build climate resilience and adaptation, and (d) foster cooperation in international river basins. Because most African countries have low stocks of hydraulic infrastructure, emphasizing investments in infrastructure is appropriate for them. However, institution building and reform, improvements in water/sanitation management and operations, and strengthening of water information systems must complement growth in infrastructure. Development of institutions should be advanced in parallel with infrastructure investment.

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