scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Obesity, Preventive Diagnostics and Possible Interventions

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Mirjam Močnik ◽  
Nataša Marčun Varda
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Preventive Diagnostics

The increasing burden of obesity plays an essential role in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system have also been demonstrated in childhood, where prevention is even more important. Obesity is associated with hormonal changes and vascular dysfunction, which eventually lead to hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia and cardiac dysfunction—all associated with increased cardiovascular risk, leading to potential cardiovascular events in early adulthood. Several preventive strategies are being implemented to reduce the cardiovascular burden in children. This paper presents a comprehensive review of obesity-associated cardiovascular morbidity with the preventive diagnostic workup at our hospital and possible interventions in children.

Vascular inflammation in hypertension and diabetes: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

2007 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Savoia ◽  
Ernesto L. Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

More than 80% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus develop hypertension, and approx. 20% of patients with hypertension develop diabetes. This combination of cardiovascular risk factors will account for a large proportion of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Lowering elevated blood pressure in diabetic hypertensive individuals decreases cardiovascular events. In patients with hypertension and diabetes, the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is multifactorial, but recent evidence points toward the presence of an important component dependent on a low-grade inflammatory process. Angiotensin II may be to a large degree responsible for triggering vascular inflammation by inducing oxidative stress, resulting in up-regulation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB (nuclear factor κB). These, in turn, regulate the generation of inflammatory mediators that lead to endothelial dysfunction and vascular injury. Inflammatory markers (e.g. C-reactive protein, chemokines and adhesion molecules) are increased in patients with hypertension and metabolic disorders, and predict the development of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle modification and pharmacological approaches (such as drugs that target the renin–angiotensin system) may reduce blood pressure and inflammation in patients with hypertension and metabolic disorders, which will reduce cardiovascular risk, development of diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don D Sin ◽  
S.F Paul Man
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Canada and elsewhere. It affects 5% of all adult Canadians and is the fourth leading cause of death. Interestingly, the leading causes of hospitalizations and mortality among COPD patients are cardiovascular events. In the Lung Health Study, over 5 800 patients with mild to moderate COPD were studied. Forty-two to 48% of all hospitalizations that occurred over the study's 5-year follow-up period were related to cardiovascular complications. Various population-based studies suggest that independent of smoking, age, and gender, COPD increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality twofold. Alarmingly, some bronchodilators, which are commonly used to treat symptoms in COPD, may increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and even mortality among COPD patients. In this paper, we discuss the epidemiologic evidence linking COPD and cardiovascular events as well as the potential mechanism(s) which may be responsible for this association.Key words: COPD, FEV1, cardiovascular events, C-reactive protein.

Erythropoietin Treatment Decreases Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Capd Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Auxiliadora Bajo ◽  
Rafael Selgas ◽  
Maria Jose Castro ◽  
Carlos Jiménez ◽  
Maria Jose Fernández-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
User Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Objective To analyze the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy on cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality among continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Design Retrospective comparative study. Setting CAPD unit in a university hospital. Patients Forty-two patients on rHuEPO treatment for at least one year were compared with an rHuEPO nonuser group of 113 patients. Subcutaneous rHuEPO doses were adjusted to a hemoglobin objective level of 10.5 -13.5 g/ dL. Fifty-seven patients were considered as high cardiovascular risk (HCVR), 17 in the rHuEPO group and 40 in the rHuEPO nonuser group. Ninety-eight patients were classified as low cardiovascular risk (LCVR), 25 of whom were in the rHuEPO group. Results The incidence of cardiovascular morbidity was more frequent in the rHuEPO nonuser than in the rHuEPO user group (40% vs 22%) and in HCVR than in LCVR patients (59.6% vs 20.4%). By multiple logistic regression analysis, the best model to explain the development of cardiovascular morbidity comprises rHuEPO treatment, CV risk, and age. In the rHuEPO user group, HCVR and LCVR patients did not show significant differences in survival, while in the rHuEPO nonuser group, HCVR patients had a lower survival rate than LCVR patients (p = 0.0003). Cox proportional hazards model revealed that LCVR patients had an excellent prognosis compared with HCVR patients in the rHuEPO nonuser group, but this difference disappeared in the rHuEPO user group. Conclusion These data show a beneficial effect of rHuEPO treatment on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CAPD patients, evidenced by the elimination of the correlation between prior cardiovascular risk and subsequent mortality.

scholarly journals One-hour glucose value as a long-term predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Malmö Preventive Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette L Nielsen ◽  
Manan Pareek ◽  
Margrét Leósdóttir ◽  
Karl-Fredrik Eriksson ◽  
Peter M Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Objective To examine the predictive capability of a 1-h vs 2-h postload glucose value for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Design Prospective, population-based cohort study (Malmö Preventive Project) with subject inclusion 1974–1992. Methods 4934 men without known diabetes and cardiovascular disease, who had blood glucose (BG) measured at 0, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 min during an OGTT (30 g glucose per m2 body surface area), were followed for 27 years. Data on cardiovascular events and death were obtained through national and local registries. Predictive capabilities of fasting BG (FBG) and glucose values obtained during OGTT alone and added to a clinical prediction model comprising traditional cardiovascular risk factors were assessed using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Results Median age was 48 (25th–75th percentile: 48–49) years and mean FBG 4.6 ± 0.6 mmol/L. FBG and 2-h postload BG did not independently predict cardiovascular events or death. Conversely, 1-h postload BG predicted cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and remained an independent predictor of cardiovascular death (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.17, P = 0.02) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05–1.16, P < 0.0001) after adjusting for various traditional risk factors. Clinical risk factors with added 1-h postload BG performed better than clinical risk factors alone, in predicting cardiovascular death (likelihood-ratio test, P = 0.02) and all-cause mortality (likelihood-ratio test, P = 0.0001; significant IDI, P = 0.0003). Conclusion Among men without known diabetes, addition of 1-h BG, but not FBG or 2-h BG, to clinical risk factors provided incremental prognostic yield for prediction of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors before Kidney Transplantation

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Muriel Rice ◽  
Judy Martin ◽  
Donna Hathaway ◽  
Elizabeth Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Personal Histories

Context Assessing the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is an essential step in developing risk profiles and individualizing interventions to reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of kidney transplant recipients. Objective To examine the prevalence of pretransplant modifiable, potentially modifiable, and nonmodifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients who received kidney transplants between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1996. Design An exploratory, retrospective nested case-control design was employed to assess pretransplant cardiovascular risk factors in kidney transplant recipients with documented posttransplant cardiovascular events (n=12) and kidney transplant recipients with no documented posttransplant cardiovascular events (n=66). Data were analyzed using frequencies, unpaired t tests, and χ2 analyses. Results Significantly higher means of body mass index values greater than 25 kg/m2 (32.3±5.8 kg/m2 vs 28.8±3.4 kg/m2) and serum total cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dL (254.5±5.7 mg/dL vs 242.3±39.3 mg/dL) were noted in patients with documented cardiovascular events compared to those with no documented cardiovascular events, respectively. Diabetes was more prevalent in patients with documented cardiovascular events (33%); these patients were also predominantly African American men who had a higher prevalence of family and personal histories of cardiovascular disease (17% and 33%).

scholarly journals Novel Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasia Papazafiropoulou ◽  
Nicholas Katsilambros ◽  
Nicholas Tentolouris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Novel Risk Factors

Epidemiologic studies demonstrated that the classical cardiovascular risk factors explain only a part of the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Large scale studies have shown that novel cardiovascular risk factors, including increased plasma homocysteine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, uric acid levels, and increased white blood cells count as well as low adiponectin levels, might have a key role in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. This review examines recent literature data on the effect of novel risk factors on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in healthy subjects as well as in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. In addition, the pathogenetic mechanisms linking the effects of the novel risk factors with atherosclerosis are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document