Bisphenol A Promotes Adiposity and Inflammation in a Nonmonotonic Dose-response Way in 5-week-old Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice Fed a Low-calorie Diet

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 2333-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minglan Yang ◽  
Maopei Chen ◽  
Jiqiu Wang ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Jichao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female

A growing body of epidemiological research show that Bisphenol A (BPA) is positively correlated with obesity and metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms of BPA on adiposity remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that 5-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice exposed to four dosages of BPA (5, 50, 500, and 5000 μg/kg/d) by oral intake for 30 days showed significantly increased body weight and fat mass in a nonmonotonic dose-dependent manner when fed a chow diet. The effect occurred even at the lowest concentration (5μg/kg/d), lower than the tolerable daily intake of 50 μg/kg/day for BPA. However, no significant difference in body weight and fat mass was observed in either male or female mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting that BPA may interact with diet in promoting obesity risk. In vitro study showed that BPA treatment drives the differentiation of white adipocyte progenitors from the stromal vascular fraction, partially through glucocorticoid receptor. BPA exposure increased circulating inflammatory factors and the local inflammation in white adipose tissues in both genders fed a chow diet, but not under high-fat diet. We further found that BPA concentration was associated with increased circulating inflammatory factors, including leptin and TNFα, in lean female subjects (body mass index < 23.0 kg/m2) but not in lean male subjects or in both sexes of overweight/obese subjects (body mass index > 25.0 kg/m2). In conclusion, we demonstrated the nonmonotonic dose effects of BPA on adiposity and chronic inflammation in 5-week-old mice, which is related to caloric uptake.

scholarly journals Murinometric measurements and retroperitoneal adipose tissue in young rats exposed to the high-fat diet: Is there correlation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. A Macêdo ◽  
G. S. Cordeiro ◽  
L. S. Santos ◽  
D. A. E. Santo ◽  
G. S. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue

Abstract Aim This study aimed to verify the correlation between murine measurements and retroperitoneal adipose tissue in rats exposed to the high-fat diet. Material and methods: Wistar male adult rats, descendants of mothers who consumed a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation and fed the same diet after weaning were used. At 60 days of life, body weight, longitudinal axis and waist circumference (WC) were measured. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Lee Index were calculated for a posterior analysis of the correlation with the amount of retroperitoneal adipose tissue dissected on the same day. For analysis of the data, the Pearson correlation test was used, considering statistical significance for p <0.05. Results: Body weight had a weak correlation (r= 0.31; p= 0.38) with retroperitoneal adipose tissue. While the longitudinal correlated moderately and negative (r= -0.40; p= 0.25). Abdominal circumference (r= 0.62; p= 0.05), body mass index (r= 0.61; p= 0.03) and Lee (r= 0.69; p= 0.03) correlated moderately and positively with adipose tissue. Conclusion: Among the measured murine measurements, weight and longitudinal axis were not good indicators to represent accumulation of retroperitoneal adipose tissue in rats. However, Lee's index seems to be the best murine marker to diagnose the accumulation of retroperitoneal fat. BMI, CA and Lee index were murine parameters with higher correlation.

scholarly journals Carbonyl Reductase 1 Overexpression in Adipose Amplifies Local Glucocorticoid Action and Impairs Glucose Tolerance in Lean Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A806-A806
Author(s):  
Rachel Bell ◽  
Elisa Villalobos ◽  
Mark Nixon ◽  
Allende Miguelez-Crespo ◽  
Matthew Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Abstract Glucocorticoids play a critical role in metabolic homeostasis. Chronic or excessive activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in adipose tissue contributes to metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Steroid-metabolising enzymes in adipose, such as 11β-HSD1 or 5α-reductase, modulate the activation of GR by converting primary glucocorticoids into more or less potent ligands. Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is a novel regulator of glucocorticoid metabolism, converting corticosterone/cortisol to 20β-dihydrocorticosterone/cortisol (20β-DHB/F); a metabolite which retains GR activity. CBR1 is abundant in adipose tissue and increased in obese adipose of mice and humans1 and increased Cbr1 expression is associated with increased fasting glucose1. We hypothesised that increased Cbr1/20β-DHB in obese adipose contributes to excessive GR activation and worsens glucose tolerance. We generated a novel murine model of adipose-specific Cbr1 over-expression (R26-Cbr1Adpq) by crossing conditional knock-in mice with Adiponectin-Cre mice. CBR1 protein and activity were doubled in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male and female R26-Cbr1Adpq mice compared with floxed controls; corresponding to a two-fold increase 20β-DHB (1.6 vs. 4.2ng/g adipose; P=0.0003; n=5-7/group). There were no differences in plasma 20β-DHB or corticosterone. Bodyweight, lean or fat mass, did not differ between male or female R26-Cbr1Adpq mice and floxed controls. Lean male R26-Cbr1Adpq mice had higher fasting glucose (9.5±0.3 vs. 8.4±0.3mmol/L; P=0.04) and worsened glucose tolerance (AUC 1819±66 vs. 1392±14; P=0.03). Female R26-Cbr1Adpq mice also had a worsened glucose tolerance but fasting glucose was not altered with genotype. There were no differences in fasting insulin or non-esterified fatty acid between genotypes in either sex. Expression of GR-induced genes Pnpla2, Gilz and Per1, were increased in adipose of R26-Cbr1Adpq mice. Following high-fat diet induced obesity, no differences in bodyweight, lean or fat mass, with genotype were observed in male and female mice, and genotype differences in fasting glucose and glucose tolerance were abolished. In conclusion, adipose-specific over-expression of Cbr1 in lean male and female mice led to increased levels of 20β-DHB in adipose but not plasma, and both sexes having worsened glucose tolerance. The influence of adipose CBR1/20β-DHB on glucose tolerance was not associated with altered fat mass or bodyweight and was attenuated by high-fat diet-induced obesity. These metabolic consequences of Cbr1 manipulation require careful consideration given the wide variation in CBR1 expression in the human population, the presence of inhibitors and enhancers in many foodstuffs and the proposed use of inhibitors as an adjunct for cancer treatment regimens. Reference: Morgan et al., Scientific Reports. 2017; 7.

Abstract 17361: How Leptin Harms the Heart in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pini
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Fat Mass Loss

Introduction: Sedentary lifestyle and excessive calorie intake are risk factors for CVD. We have demonstrated the cardioprotective effect of exercise in aged mice and the critical role of visceral adiposity and its profibrotic secretome in increasing cardiovascular risks in obesity and aging. The association between exercise, lowered plasma leptin and reduced inflammatory leukocytes has been recently shown in patients with atherosclerosis. It remains unclear whether elevated plasma leptin can preserve or alter cardiovascular function in obesity. Methods: We analyzed the effect of high fat diet (HFD) in C57BL/6J male mice on the heart in terms of function, structure, histology and key molecular markers. Two interventions were used: 1) active fat mass loss via exercise (daily swimming) during HFD; 2) passive fat mass loss via surgical removal of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT lipectomy) followed by HFD. Results: HFD increased body weight and adiposity, leading to higher plasma leptin, glucose and insulin levels, compared to control diet (CD) mice. HFD impaired left ventricle (LV) structure (hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis) and cardiac function (echocardiography, in vivo hemodynamics). Atria of HFD mice had enhanced pro-inflammatory protein production. Exercise reduced circulating leptin levels in HFD mice by 50%, in line with fat mass loss. In contrast, lipectomy reduced visceral fat mass, but body weight, adiposity and plasma leptin did not change. Both exercise and VAT lipectomy improved cardiac contractility, reversed collagen deposition and oxidative stress in HFD mice. Both interventions downregulated LV pro-inflammatory markers. We proved the role of leptin in cardiac remodeling in vitro by incubating primary cardiac fibroblasts with hyperleptinemic plasma from HFD mice. Remarkably, plasma from HFD-EX (exercise) suppressed the fibro-proliferative and pro-inflammatory responses of cardiac fibroblasts. Conclusions: Leptin directly contribute to cardiac fibrosis in obesity via activation and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Understanding how leptin signals to the heart might have implications in a wide range of CVD, potentially helping early stratification and personalized care.

scholarly journals Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high-fat diet in healthy young adults

Obesity ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2364-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L. Osterberg ◽  
Nabil E. Boutagy ◽  
Ryan P. McMillan ◽  
Joseph R. Stevens ◽  
Madlyn I. Frisard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise-induced changes in body composition and blood lipids in young women

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvydas Stasiulis ◽  
Asta Mockienė ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė ◽  
Pranas Mockus
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Cycling Training

The objective of the study was to assess changes in body composition, blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 18–24-year-old women during the period of two-month aerobic cycling training. Material and methods. Young, healthy, nonsmoking women (n=19) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided in two groups: experimental (E, n=10) and control (C, n=9). The subjects of group E exercised 3 times a week with intensity of the first ventilatory threshold and duration of 60 min. The group C did not exercise regularly over a two-month period of the experiment. The subjects of group E were tested before and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the experiment. The participants of group C were tested twice with an eight-week interval. Results. Body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) concentration increased after the 8-week training program in the experimental group (P<0.05). Blood total cholesterol (Tch) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) concentrations did not change significantly. Body weight and body mass index started to decrease after 2 weeks of the experiment, but significant changes were observed only after 6 and 8 weeks. Body fat mass was significantly decreased after 2 and 8 weeks of aerobic training. A significant increase in HDL-ch concentration was observed after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. A significant decrease in TAG concentration was observed after 2-week training. No significant changes in all the parameters except TAG (it was slightly increased) were seen in the control group. Conclusions. The two-month aerobic cycling training (within VT1, 60-min duration, three times a week) may induce significant changes in the parameters of body composition – body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and blood lipids – in young women. The following significant changes were observed: TAG level decreased after 2 weeks, body mass and body mass index decreased after 6 weeks, body fat mass decreased and HDL-ch level increased after 8 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake increased after 4 weeks.

scholarly journals A High-Fat Diet Elicits Differential Responses in Genes Coordinating Oxidative Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Lean and Obese Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Boyle ◽  
J. P. Canham ◽  
L. A. Consitt ◽  
D. Zheng ◽  
T. R. Koves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Obese Subjects

Context: In lean individuals, increasing dietary lipid can elicit an increase in whole body lipid oxidation; however, with obesity the capacity to respond to changes in substrate availability appears to be compromised. Objective: To determine whether the responses of genes regulating lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle differed between lean and insulin resistant obese humans upon exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD). Design and Setting: A 5-d prospective study conducted in the research unit of an academic center. Participants: Healthy, lean (n = 12; body mass index = 22.1 ± 0.6 kg/m2), and obese (n=10; body mass index = 39.6 ± 1.7 kg/m2) males and females, between ages 18 and 30. Intervention: Participants were studied before and after a 5-d HFD (65% fat). Main Outcome Measures: Skeletal muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained in the fasted and fed states before and after the HFD and mRNA content for genes involved with lipid oxidation determined. Skeletal muscle acylcarnitine content was determined in the fed states before and after the HFD. Results: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α mRNA content increased in lean, but not obese, subjects after a single high-fat meal. From Pre- to Post-HFD, mRNA content exhibited a body size × HFD interaction, where the lean individuals increased while the obese individuals decreased mRNA content for pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, uncoupling protein 3, PPARα, and PPARγ coactivator-1α (P ≤ 0.05). In the obese subjects medium-chain acylcarnitine species tended to accumulate, whereas no change or a reduction was evident in the lean individuals. Conclusions: These findings indicate a differential response to a lipid stimulus in the skeletal muscle of lean and insulin resistant obese humans.

Effect of vitamin K supplementation on anthropometric parameters and adipokine levels – a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jamka ◽  
Harald Walach ◽  
Magdalena Hołubiec ◽  
Maria Wasiewicz ◽  
Jarosław Walkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Aim. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of vitamin K supplementation on anthropometric parameters and adipokine levels in adults.Material and Methods. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus and the Cochrane Library) were searched to select studies in which the effect of vitamin K supplementation on body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, leptin and adiponectin levels were assessed.Results. We identified nine studies that included a total of 542 subjects. Vitamin K supplementation did not influence body weight, BMI and percentage of fat mass. In addition, the effect of vitamin K supplementation on adipokines levels was equivocal. Conclusions. Vitamin K supplementation did not affect anthropometric parameters and adipokines levels. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to clarify the effect of vitamin K supplementation on these parameters in adults.

scholarly journals Tpcn2 knockout mice have improved insulin sensitivity and are protected against high-fat diet-induced weight gain

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
Hong He ◽  
Katie Holl ◽  
Sarah DeBehnke ◽  
Chay Teng Yeo ◽  
Polly Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice

Type 2 diabetes is a complex disorder affected by multiple genes and the environment. Our laboratory has shown that in response to a glucose challenge, two-pore channel 2 ( Tpcn2) knockout mice exhibit a decreased insulin response but normal glucose clearance, suggesting they have improved insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type mice. We tested the hypothesis that improved insulin sensitivity in Tpcn2 knockout mice would protect against the negative effects of a high fat diet. Male and female Tpcn2 knockout (KO), heterozygous (Het), and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 24 wk. HF diet significantly increases body weight in WT mice relative to those on the LF diet; this HF diet-induced increase in body weight is blunted in the Het and KO mice. Despite the protection against diet-induced weight gain, however, Tpcn2 KO mice are not protected against HF-diet-induced changes in glucose or insulin area under the curve during glucose tolerance tests in female mice, while HF diet has no significant effect on glucose tolerance in the male mice, regardless of genotype. Glucose disappearance during an insulin tolerance test is augmented in male KO mice, consistent with our previous findings suggesting enhanced insulin sensitivity in these mice. Male KO mice exhibit increased fasting plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations relative to WT mice on the LF diet, but this difference disappears in HF diet-fed mice where there is increased cholesterol and triglycerides across all genotypes. These data demonstrate that knockout of Tpcn2 may increase insulin action in male, but not female, mice. In addition, both male and female KO mice are protected against diet-induced weight gain, but this protection is likely independent from glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipid levels.

scholarly journals Energy homeostasis in apolipoprotein AIV and cholecystokinin-deficient mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. R535-R548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Weng ◽  
Danwen Lou ◽  
Stephen C. Benoit ◽  
Natalie Coschigano ◽  
Stephen C. Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Lipid Transport ◽  
Fat Absorption ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Brown Adipose

Apolipoprotein AIV (ApoAIV) and cholecystokinin (CCK) are well-known satiating signals that are stimulated by fat consumption. Peripheral ApoAIV and CCK interact to prolong satiating signals. In the present study, we hypothesized that ApoAIV and CCK control energy homeostasis in response to high-fat diet feeding. To test this hypothesis, energy homeostasis in ApoAIV and CCK double knockout (ApoAIV/CCK-KO), ApoAIV knockout (ApoAIV-KO), and CCK knockout (CCK-KO) mice were monitored. When animals were maintained on a low-fat diet, ApoAIV/CCK-KO, ApoAIV-KO, and CCK-KO mice had comparable energy intake and expenditure, body weight, fat mass, fat absorption, and plasma parameters relative to the controls. In contrast, these KO mice exhibited impaired lipid transport to epididymal fat pads in response to intraduodenal infusion of dietary lipids. Furthermore, ApoAIV-KO mice had upregulated levels of CCK receptor 2 (CCK2R) in the small intestine while ApoAIV/CCK-KO mice had upregulated levels of CCK2R in the brown adipose tissue. After 20 wk of a high-fat diet, ApoAIV-KO and CCK-KO mice had comparable body weight and fat mass, as well as lower energy expenditure at some time points. However, ApoAIV/CCK-KO mice exhibited reduced body weight and adiposity relative to wild-type mice, despite having normal food intake. Furthermore, ApoAIV/CCK-KO mice displayed normal fat absorption and locomotor activity, as well as enhanced energy expenditure. These observations suggest that mice lacking ApoAIV and CCK have reduced body weight and adiposity, possibly due to impaired lipid transport and elevated energy expenditure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document