scholarly journals Acoustic Biosensors and Microfluidic Devices in the Decennium: Principles and Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Minu Prabhachandran Nair ◽  
Adrian J. T. Teo ◽  
King Ho Holden Li
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Label Free ◽  
The Past ◽  
Microfluidic Actuation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Wave Modes

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology has gained primary attention in the past decade, where label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation platforms are integrated to realize such LOC devices. Among the multitude of technologies that enables the successful integration of these two features, the piezoelectric acoustic wave method is best suited for handling biological samples due to biocompatibility, label-free and non-invasive properties. In this review paper, we present a study on the use of acoustic waves generated by piezoelectric materials in the area of label-free biosensors and microfluidic actuation towards the realization of LOC and POC devices. The categorization of acoustic wave technology into the bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave has been considered with the inclusion of biological sample sensing and manipulation applications. This paper presents an approach with a comprehensive study on the fundamental operating principles of acoustic waves in biosensing and microfluidic actuation, acoustic wave modes suitable for sensing and actuation, piezoelectric materials used for acoustic wave generation, fabrication methods, and challenges in the use of acoustic wave modes in biosensing. Recent developments in the past decade, in various sensing potentialities of acoustic waves in a myriad of applications, including sensing of proteins, disease biomarkers, DNA, pathogenic microorganisms, acoustofluidic manipulation, and the sorting of biological samples such as cells, have been given primary focus. An insight into the future perspectives of real-time, label-free, and portable LOC devices utilizing acoustic waves is also presented. The developments in the field of thin-film piezoelectric materials, with the possibility of integrating sensing and actuation on a single platform utilizing the reversible property of smart piezoelectric materials, provide a step forward in the realization of monolithic integrated LOC and POC devices. Finally, the present paper highlights the key benefits and challenges in terms of commercialization, in the field of acoustic wave-based biosensors and actuation platforms.

The mathematical modeling for bulk acoustic wave propagation velocities in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abo-el-nour N Abd-alladan ◽  
Abdelmonam M Hamdan ◽  
Adel A Almarashi ◽  
Antonio Battista
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Piezoelectric Effect ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Saw Devices ◽  
Propagation Velocities

The objective of this paper is to study the bulk acoustic wave (BAW) propagation velocities in transversely isotropic piezoelectric materials, aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide. The bulk acoustic wave velocities are computed for each direction by solving the Christoffel’s equation based on the theory of acoustic waves in anisotropic solids exhibiting piezoelectricity. These values are calculated numerically and implemented on a computer by Bisection Method Iterations Technique (BMIT). The modification of the bulk acoustic wave velocities caused by the piezoelectric effect are graphically compared with the velocities in the corresponding non-piezoelectric materials. The results obtained in this study can be applied to signal processing, sound systems and wireless communication in addition to the improvement of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and military defense equipment.

scholarly journals Acoustic Microfluidic Separation Techniques and Bioapplications: A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 921
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Mengren Wu ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
Jie Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Separation Techniques ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microfluidic Separation ◽  
Acoustic Separation ◽  
Primary Focus

Microfluidic separation technology has garnered significant attention over the past decade where particles are being separated at a micro/nanoscale in a rapid, low-cost, and simple manner. Amongst a myriad of separation technologies that have emerged thus far, acoustic microfluidic separation techniques are extremely apt to applications involving biological samples attributed to various advantages, including high controllability, biocompatibility, and non-invasive, label-free features. With that being said, downsides such as low throughput and dependence on external equipment still impede successful commercialization from laboratory-based prototypes. Here, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in acoustic microfluidic separation techniques, along with exemplary applications. Specifically, an inclusive overview of fundamental theory and background is presented, then two sets of mechanisms underlying acoustic separation, bulk acoustic wave and surface acoustic wave, are introduced and discussed. Upon these summaries, we present a variety of applications based on acoustic separation. The primary focus is given to those associated with biological samples such as blood cells, cancer cells, proteins, bacteria, viruses, and DNA/RNA. Finally, we highlight the benefits and challenges behind burgeoning developments in the field and discuss the future perspectives and an outlook towards robust, integrated, and commercialized devices based on acoustic microfluidic separation.

Influence of Initial Stresses and Piezoelectric Constants on the Propagation Bulk Acoustic Waves in an Anisotropic Smart Material (Aluminum Nitrite)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 6488-6494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abo-el-nour N Abd-alla ◽  
Fatimah Alshaikh ◽  
Idir Mechai ◽  
I. A Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Initial Stresses ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Waves ◽  
Anisotropic Elastic ◽  
Piezoelectric Constants

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the effect of initial stresses on the propagation of plane waves in a general anisotropic elastic medium. Therefore, an analytical analysis supported by numerical tests to calculate the bulk acoustic wave propagation in Aluminum Nitrite (AlN) as piezoelectric hexagonal elastic material has been presented. In addition, the Christoffel’s equation has been solved and the corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors have been obtained. Then, an explicit expressions of the waves propagation with three distinct phase velocities in anisotropic piezoelectric material including the effect of the initial stresses have been derived. The three velocities of bulk acoustic waves (BAW) which are called quasi-longitudinal, quasi-shear vertical and quasi-shear horizontal for Aluminum Nitrite are numerically calculated. The numerical examples are considered to illustrate graphically the effect of initial stresses on the variations of velocities of the BAW versus the angle of the propagation. The velocities of BAW change significantly with initial stresses as well as piezoelectric constants. This research is theoretically useful in signal processing, sound system, wireless communication and for the design of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices with high performance.

scholarly journals Regenerable ZnO/GaAs Bulk Acoustic Wave Biosensor for Detection of Escherichia coli in “Complex” Biological Medium

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Juliana Chawich ◽  
Walid M. Hassen ◽  
Céline Elie-Caille ◽  
Thérèse Leblois ◽  
Jan J. Dubowski
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Field Excitation

A regenerable bulk acoustic wave (BAW) biosensor is developed for the rapid, label-free and selective detection of Escherichia coli in liquid media. The geometry of the biosensor consists of a GaAs membrane coated with a thin film of piezoelectric ZnO on its top surface. A pair of electrodes deposited on the ZnO film allows the generation of BAWs by lateral field excitation. The back surface of the membrane is functionalized with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers and antibodies against E. coli. The antibody immobilization was investigated as a function of the concentration of antibody suspensions, their pH and incubation time, designed to optimize the immunocapture of bacteria. The performance of the biosensor was evaluated by detection tests in different environments for bacterial suspensions ranging between 103 and 108 CFU/mL. A linear dependence between the frequency response and the logarithm of E. coli concentration was observed for suspensions ranging between 103 and 107 CFU/mL, with the limit of detection of the biosensor estimated at 103 CFU/mL. The 5-fold regeneration and excellent selectivity towards E. coli detected at 104 CFU/mL in a suspension tinted with Bacillus subtilis at 106 CFU/mL illustrate the biosensor potential for the attractive operation in complex biological media.

scholarly journals Correlation of BAW and SAW properties of langasite at elevated temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schulz ◽  
E. Mayer ◽  
I. Shrena ◽  
D. Eisele ◽  
M. Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Coupling Coefficients ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Acoustic Wave Devices ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators

Abstract. The full set of electromechanical data of langasite (La3Ga5SiO14) is determined in the temperature range from 20 to 900 °C using differently oriented bulk acoustic wave resonators. For data evaluation a physical model of vibration is developed and applied. Thereby, special emphasis is taken on mechanical and electrical losses at high temperatures. The resulting data set is used to calculate the properties of surface acoustic waves. Direct comparison with experimental data such as velocity, coupling coefficients and propagation loss measured using surface acoustic wave devices with two different crystal orientations shows good agreement.

Bulk acoustic wave modes in quartz for sensing measurand-induced mechanical and electrical property changes

2001 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron F Schmitt ◽  
John W Allen ◽  
John F Vetelino ◽  
Jesse Parks ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Property ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Wave Modes

scholarly journals The Sensitive Element of Acoustic Sensor on Circular Polarized Waves: From Theoretical Considerations towards Perspective Rotation Rate Sensors Design

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Michail Shevelko ◽  
Andrey Lutovinov ◽  
Aleksandr Peregudov ◽  
Ekaterina Popkova ◽  
Yasemin Durukan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Rotation Rate ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bulk Acoustic Wave ◽  
Acoustic Wave Propagation ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Polarized Waves

In this paper, the perspectives of using the features of acoustic wave propagation to design rotation rate sensors (RRS) are discussed. The possibility of developing the solid-state sensitive elements (SE) of RRS on acoustic waves of circular polarization is shown. The theoretical basis of bulk acoustic wave propagation under rotation is given. The direct excitation of circularly polarized acoustic wave (CPAW) is considered, the design of the CPAW emitting transducer is offered. The results of experimental studies that indicated the circular nature of the particle motions in the radiated wave are discussed. The principally new concept of the RRS SE design on CPAW, being able to operate under high vibration and acceleration, is proposed. The experimental results revealed a high correlation with theoretical and numerical predictions and confirmed RRS on CPAW operability.

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