Genetic Environments of Plasmid-Mediated blaCTXM-15 Beta-Lactamase Gene in Enterobacteriaceae from Africa

The most widely distributed blaCTX-M gene on a global scale is blaCTX-M-15. The dissemination has been associated with clonal spread and different types of mobile genetic elements. The objective of this review was to describe the genetic environments of the blaCTX-M-15 gene detected from Enterobacteriaceae in published literature from Africa. A literature search for relevant articles was performed through PubMed, AJOL, and Google Scholar electronic databases; 43 articles from 17 African countries were included in the review based on the eligibility criteria. Insertion sequences were reported as part of the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 gene in 32 studies, integrons in 13 studies, and plasmids in 23 studies. In this review, five insertion sequences including ISEcp1, IS26, orf447, IS903, and IS3 have been detected which are associated with the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 in Africa. Seven different genetic patterns were seen in the blaCTX-M-15 genetic environment. Insertion sequence ISEcp1 was commonly located upstream of the end of the blaCTX-M-15 gene, while the insertion sequence orf477 was located downstream. In some studies, ISEcp1 was truncated upstream of blaCTX-M-15 by insertion sequences IS26 and IS3. The class 1 integron (Intl1) was most commonly reported to be associated with blaCTX-M-15 (13 studies), with Intl1/dfrA17–aadA5 being the most common gene cassette array. IncFIA-FIB-FII multi-replicons and IncHI2 replicon types were the most common plasmid replicon types that horizontally transferred the blaCTX-M-15 gene. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were commonly collocated with the blaCTX-M-15 gene on plasmids. This review revealed the predominant role of ISEcp1, Intl1 and IncF plasmids in the mobilization and continental dissemination of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in Africa.

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Genetic Environments of Plasmid-Mediated blaCTXM-15 beta-lactamase gene in Enterobacteriaceae from Africa

10.20944/preprints202012.0144.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Babafela Awosile ◽

Michael Agbaje

Keyword(s):

Insertion Sequence ◽

Gene Cassette ◽

Global Scale ◽

Insertion Sequences ◽

M Gene ◽

African Countries ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Genetic Environment ◽

Class 1

The most widely distributed blaCTX-M gene on a global scale is blaCTX-M-15. The dissemination has been associated with clonal spread and different types of mobile genetic elements. This study aimed to review and describe the genetic environments of blaCTX-M-15 gene detected from Enterobacteriaceae in published literature from Africa. A literature search for relevant articles was done through PubMed, and Google Scholars electronic databases, 43 articles from 17 African countries were included in the review based on the eligibility criteria. Insertion sequences were reported as part of the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 gene in 32 studies, integrons in 13 studies, and plasmids in 23 studies. In this review, five insertion sequences including ISEcp1, IS26, orf447, IS903, and IS3 have been detected associated with the genetic environment of blaCTX-M-15 in Africa. Seven different genetic patterns were seen in blaCTX-M-15 genetic environment. Insertion sequence ISEcp1 was commonly located upstream of the end of the blaCTX-M-15 gene while insertion sequence orf477 was located downstream. In some studies, ISEcp1 was truncated upstream of blaCTX-M-15 by insertion sequences IS26 and IS3. Class 1 integron (Intl1) was most reported to be associated with blaCTX-M-15 (13 studies), with Intl1/dfrA17–aadA5 being the most common gene cassette array. IncFIA-FIB-FII multi-replicons and IncHI2 replicon types were the most common plasmid replicon types that horizontally transfer blaCTX-M-15 gene. Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were commonly collocated with blaCTX-M-15 gene on plasmids. This review revealed the predominant role of ISEcp1, Intl1and IncF plasmid in the mobilization and continental dissemination of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in Africa.

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Characterization of a Novel Plasmid-Mediated Cephalosporinase (CMY-9) and Its Genetic Environment in an Escherichia coli Clinical Isolate

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.46.8.2427-2434.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 2427-2434 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Yohei Doi ◽

Naohiro Shibata ◽

Keigo Shibayama ◽

Kazunari Kamachi ◽

Hiroshi Kurokawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Gene Cassette ◽

Single Amino Acid ◽

Common Region ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Class 1 ◽

The Common ◽

High Level

ABSTRACT An Escherichia coli strain, HKYM68, which showed resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins was isolated from a sputum specimen in Japan. The high-level resistance of the strain to ceftazidime, cefpirome, and moxalactam was carried by a self-transferable plasmid. The β-lactamase gene responsible for the resistance was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of this gene product, CMY-9, had a single amino acid substitution (E85D), the residue reported to be part of the recognition site for the R1 side chain of β-lactams, compared with the amino acid sequence of CMY-8 and also had 78% identity with the amino acid sequence of CepH, a chromosomal cephalosporinase of Aeromonas hydrophila. A sul1-type class 1 integron containing an aacA1-orfG gene cassette was identified upstream of bla CMY-9 and ended with a truncated 3′ conserved segment. The following 2.1 kb was almost identical to the common region of integrons In6 and In7 and the integron of pSAL-1, except that orf513 encoding a putative transposase was identified instead of orf341 due to addition of a single nucleotide. bla CMY-9 was closely located downstream of the end of the common region. These observations are indicative of the exogenous derivation of bla CMY-9 from some environmental microorganisms such as aeromonads.

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Antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella enterica isolated from exotic and indigenous leafy green vegetables in Accra, Ghana

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/jfp-20-442 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinru Chen ◽

Joycelyn Quansah

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Gene Cassette ◽

Nucleotide Sequencing ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Class 1

Fresh produce-borne enteric bacterial pathogens with resistance to antibiotics have posed serious challenges to food safety and public health worldwide. This study examined the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella enterica (n=33), previously isolated from exotic and indigenous leafy green vegetable samples (n=328) collected from 50 vegetable farms in 12 farming areas and 37 vegetable sellers in 4 market centers in Accra, Ghana during the period of March 2016 to March 2017, and determined the distribution of integrons among antibiotic-resistant isolates. The susceptibility of the Salmonella isolates to 12 antibiotics was assayed using the standard disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the five most resisted antibiotics were determined using the twofold macro dilution method. PCR assay was used to detect the presence of integrons in Salmonella cells, and PCR product with amplified integron gene cassette was purified and sequenced using the Sanger sequencing technology. The Salmonella isolates used in the study resisted at least one tested antibiotic, and multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates were 30.3% (10/33). Most isolates (81.8%) were resistant to sulfisoxazole. The MICs of tetracycline, cefoxitin, streptomycin, ampicillin, and sulfisoxazole were 16, 32, 64, 64, and > 1,024 µg/ml, respectively. A total of five different patterns of MDR were observed among the Salmonella isolates, and the common MDR patterns were AAuFox (30.3%) and AAuFoxSSu (18.1%). One out of the 33 (3.0%) Salmonella isolates tested positive for class 1 integron with a gene cassette of about 800 bp. Nucleotide sequencing revealed the class 1 integron carried a single gene dfrA7 . Future studies are needed to confirm whether the consumption of contaminated leafy green vegetables is a route of acquiring antibiotic-resistant Salmonella by consumers in Accra, Ghana.

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A Multispecies Cluster of VIM-1 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Linked by a Novel, Highly Conjugative, and Broad-Host-Range IncA Plasmid Forebodes the Reemergence of VIM-1

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02435-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriele Arcari ◽

Federica Maria Di Lella ◽

Giulia Bibbolino ◽

Fabio Mengoni ◽

Marzia Beccaccioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽

Gene Cassette ◽

University Hospital ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Content Type ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Class 1

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated VIM-1-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter cloacae strains, isolated in 2019 during a period of active surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in a large university hospital in Italy. VIM-1-producing strains colonized the gut of patients, with up to three different VIM-1-positive bacterial species isolated from a single rectal swab, but also caused bloodstream infection in one colonized patient. In the multispecies cluster, blaVIM-1 was identified in a 5-gene cassette class 1 integron, associated with several genetic determinants, including the blaSHV-12, qnrS1, and mph(A) genes, located on a highly conjugative and broad-host-range IncA plasmid. The characteristics and origin of this IncA plasmid were studied.

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Molecular Characterization ofblaNDM-1in a Sequence Type 235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolate from France

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.02334-12 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 3408-3411 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Frédéric Janvier ◽

Katy Jeannot ◽

Sophie Tessé ◽

Marjorie Robert-Nicoud ◽

Hervé Delacour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Insertion Sequence ◽

Variable Region ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Common Region ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Content Type ◽

Class 1 ◽

Previous Hospitalization

ABSTRACTAn NDM-1 carbapenemase-producingPseudomonas aeruginosaisolate was recovered from a patient hospitalized in France after a previous hospitalization in Serbia. Genetic studies revealed that theblaNDM-1gene was surrounded by insertion sequence ISAba125and a truncated bleomycin resistance gene. ThisblaNDM-1region was a part of the variable region of a new complex class 1 integron bearing IS common region 1 (ISCR1). The presence of ISPa7upstream of this integron suggests insertion in a chromosomally located Tn402-like structure.

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First Detection of a Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Metalloenzyme in Two Enterobacteriaceae Isolates in Spain

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.49.8.3492-3494.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 3492-3494 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

M. Teresa Tórtola ◽

Susana Lavilla ◽

Elisenda Miró ◽

Juan José González ◽

Nieves Larrosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Gene Cassette ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Class 1 ◽

First Time

ABSTRACT Two strains of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, producing VIM-1 were isolated for the first time in Spain. In both strains, bla VIM-1 was found to be carried on a gene cassette inserted into a class 1 integron. The bla VIM-1-containing integron was located on a transferable plasmid.

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A Predominant Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Saintpaul Clonal Line in German Turkey and Related Food Products

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02744-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (11) ◽

pp. 3657-3667 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Janine Beutlich ◽

Irene RodrÃ¯Â¿Â½guez ◽

Andreas Schroeter ◽

Annemarie KÃ¯Â¿Â½sbohrer ◽

Reiner Helmuth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Food Products ◽

Gene Cassette ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Clonal Line ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Class 1 ◽

Plasmid Profiling

ABSTRACT Recently, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Saintpaul has increasingly been observed in several countries, including Germany. However, the pathogenic potential and epidemiology of this serovar are not very well known. This study describes biological attributes of S. Saintpaul isolates obtained from turkeys in Germany based on characterization of their pheno- and genotypic properties. Fifty-five S. Saintpaul isolates from German turkeys and turkey-derived food products isolated from 2000 to 2007 were analyzed by using antimicrobial agent, organic solvent, and disinfectant susceptibility tests, isoelectric focusing, detection of resistance determinants, plasmid profiling, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and hybridization experiments. These isolates were compared to an outgroup consisting of 24 S. Saintpaul isolates obtained from humans and chickens in Germany and from poultry and poultry products (including turkeys) in Netherlands. A common core resistance pattern was detected for 27 German turkey and turkey product isolates. This pattern included resistance (full or intermediate) to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, spectinomycin, and sulfamethoxazole and intermediate resistance or decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (MIC, 2 or 1 μg/ml, respectively) and several third-generation cephalosporins (including ceftiofur and cefoxitin [MIC, 4 to 2 and 16 to 2 μg/ml, respectively]). These isolates had the same core resistance genotype, with bla TEM-1, aadB, aadA2, sul1, a Ser83→Glu83 mutation in the gyrA gene, and a chromosomal class 1 integron carrying the aadB-aadA2 gene cassette. Their XbaI, BlnI, and combined XbaI-BlnI PFGE patterns revealed levels of genetic similarity of 93, 75, and 90%, respectively. This study revealed that a multiresistant S. Saintpaul clonal line is widespread in turkeys and turkey products in Germany and was also detected among German human fecal and Dutch poultry isolates.

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Diversity, Epidemiology, and Genetics of Class D β-Lactamases

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01512-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 24-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 339

Author(s):

Laurent Poirel ◽

Thierry Naas ◽

Patrice Nordmann

Keyword(s):

Natural Resistance ◽

Minor Role ◽

Insertion Sequences ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Class D ◽

Class 1 ◽

Great Heterogeneity ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

A Minor

ABSTRACT Class D β-lactamase-mediated resistance to β-lactams has been increasingly reported during the last decade. Those enzymes also known as oxacillinases or OXAs are widely distributed among Gram negatives. Genes encoding class D β-lactamases are known to be intrinsic in many Gram-negative rods, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but play a minor role in natural resistance phenotypes. The OXAs (ca. 150 variants reported so far) are characterized by an important genetic diversity and a great heterogeneity in terms of β-lactam hydrolysis spectrum. The acquired OXAs possess either a narrow spectrum or an expanded spectrum of hydrolysis, including carbapenems in several instances. Acquired class D β-lactamase genes are mostly associated to class 1 integron or to insertion sequences.

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