scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Profiles in Colonizations with the Enteric Protozoa Blastocystis in Korean Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Moon-Ju Kim ◽  
Yu Jeong Lee ◽  
Tae-Jong Kim ◽  
Eun Jeong Won
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Enteric Protozoa

The influence of unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms on human gut health and disease is largely unexplored. Blastocystis species commonly colonize the gut, but their clinical significance and ecological role are unclear. We evaluated the effect of Blastocystis colonization on the fecal microbiota of Koreans. In total, 39 Blastocystis-positive and -negative fecal samples were analyzed. The fecal microbiome was assessed by targeting the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal gene. Bacterial diversity was greater in the Blastocystis-positive than in the Blastocystis-negative group. The bacterial community structure and phylogenetic diversity differed according to the presence of Blastocystis. The mean proportions of Faecalibacterium species and Ruminococcaceae were larger in the Blastocystis-positive group, and that of Enterococcus species was larger in the Blastocystis-negative group. Linear discriminant analysis showed that Faecalibacterium, Prevotella 9, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Phascolarctobacterium, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 were highly enriched in the Blastocystis-positive group, whereas Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillales, and Bacilli were highly abundant in the Blastocystis-negative group. Overall, our results enlighten the notion that Blastocystis colonization is associated with a healthy gut microbiota.

Linkage between H. pylori Infection and TNF-α polymorphism in The Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef ◽  
Azhar Omaran Al-Thahab
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
H Pylori

A study was performed on 100 pregnant women in the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics of Maternity and Children Hospital in Al-Diwaniya City during the period between (March to September 2016). One hundred blood samples (50 for patients and 50 for control) were collected under the supervision of the treating gynecologist. The detection of Helicobacter. pylori was done by the use of the serum antibody Rapid test. The results showed that 50 (100%) were positive and 50 (100%) were negative for H. pylori in above method.All blood of patients and control samples were used for the extraction of genomic DNA,where the 107 bp PCR product size. Genotyping of the TNF-α-308 SNP (G/A)was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR (RFLP-PCR). PCR products were digested with restr NcoI iction enzyme. Individuals with the TNF-α-308(GG) homozygote produced digested DNA bands at 80,and 20 bp bp. A heterozygous genotype ofTNF-α-308 (GA)produced 107 bp,80 bp,and 20 bp bands. Individuals with the TNF-α-308 (AA) homozygote genotype had no amplicon digested and generated only one band of 107 bp. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the TNF-α-308(GG)genotype between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group(72%,78% respectively). Also for GA genotype,there was a significant difference between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group(24%,18% respectively). Concerning the frequency of the TNF-α-308 (AA)genotype between H. pylori positive group and H. pylori negative group,there was no significant difference between the two groups.

Potential application of dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound in predicting microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yi Dong ◽  
Yijie Qiu ◽  
Daohui Yang ◽  
Lingyun Yu ◽  
Dan Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Microvascular Invasion ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Quantitative Perfusion ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (D-CEUS) in predicting the microvascular invasion (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 16 patients with surgery and histopathologically proved HCC lesions were included. Patients were classified according to the presence of MVI: MVI positive group (n = 6) and MVI negative group (n = 10). Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations were performed within a week before surgery. Dynamic analysis was performed by VueBox ® software (Bracco, Italy). Three regions of interests (ROIs) were set in the center of HCC lesions, at the margin of HCC lesions and in the surrounding liver parenchyma accordingly. Time intensity curves (TICs) were generated and quantitative perfusion parameters including WiR (wash-in rate), WoR (wash-out rate), WiAUC (wash-in area under the curve), WoAUC (wash-out area under the curve) and WiPi (wash-in perfusion index) were obtained and analyzed. RESULTS: All of HCC lesions showed arterial hyperenhancement (100 %) and at the late phase as hypoenhancement (75 %) in CEUS. Among all CEUS quantitative parameters, the WiAUC and WoAUC were higher in MVI positive group than in MVI negative group in the center HCC lesions (P <  0.05), WiAUC, WoAUC and WiPI were higher in MVI positive group than in MVI negative group at the margin of HCC lesions. WiR and WoR were significant higher in MVI positive group. CONCLUSIONS: D-CEUS with quantitative perfusion analysis has potential clinical value in predicting the existence of MVI in HCC lesions.

Need for Confirmatory Neutralization Tests for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Tests in Populations with Intermediate Prevalence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Young Lee ◽  
So Young Kang ◽  
Woo In Lee ◽  
Myeong Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Antigen Tests

Abstract Objective Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is known as the hallmark of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to determine whether an HBsAg neutralization test is necessary to accurately interpret HBsAg test results. Methods Initially reactive HBsAg specimens from a 5-year period, with cutoff index values between 1.0 and 2.0, were subjected to neutralization confirmatory testing using an Elecsys HBsAg Confirmatory test kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH. Mannheim, Germany). Results The neutralization test showed 46.1% positive (confirmed positive group) and 53.9% negative (confirmed negative group) results from the total specimens. Among the confirmed negative group, 79.5% of patients were confirmed to be negative for the current infection, whereas 4 patients in the chronic hepatitis B subgroup showed a neutralization percentage close to 40%. More than half of patients in the confirmed positive group were considered to be in the hepatitis B e antigen-negative inactive HBsAg carrier phase. Conclusion In populations with intermediate HBV prevalence, a neutralization test is necessary to confirm an HBsAg result and reduce the false positive and false negative rates of initial HBsAg tests.

scholarly journals Comparison of intravenous sedation using midazolam during dental treatment in elderly patients with/without dementia: a prospective, controlled clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichi Tatsuno ◽  
Yoshinari Morimoto ◽  
Megumi Hayashi ◽  
Takatoshi Iida
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Intravenous Sedation ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe effects of intravenous sedation with midazolam on the cerebral function of elderly patients with severe dementia are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on parameters such as brainwaves and cerebral blood flow (CBF) and compare them between elderly individuals with dementia and without cognitive impairment. Ten patients with severe dementia and 10 without cognitive impairment were registered. The bispectral index (BIS) and normalized tissue hemoglobin index (nTHI), which reflects CBF using near-infrared spectroscopy, were measured. Midazolam was administered until a Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score of 2 was reached. The chi-squared, Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Friedman tests and multiple regression analysis were used for comparisons. Whereas a similar decline in BIS values was observed in both groups after midazolam administration (P < 0.018), there was a significant decrease by 9% in the nTHI of the dementia-positive group (P < 0.013). However, there was no significant difference in the nTHI between the dementia-positive and dementia-negative group according to the multiple regression analysis (P = 0.058). In the dementia-negative group, none of the measured values differed from the baseline values. In the dementia-positive group, sedation with midazolam resulted in a 9% decrease in the CBF.

scholarly journals Significance of nucleic acid positive anal swab in COVID-19 patients

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Li ◽  
Lei Rong ◽  
Peiyan Zhang ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Yan Rong
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Pharyngeal Swab ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anal Swab

Abstract Aim We compared the clinical characteristics of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive and negative anal swabs during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery and investigated the clinical significance and influence factors of anal swab detection. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 23 moderate COVID-19 patients in the recovery phase. They were divided into anal swab positive group (n = 13) (negative for pharyngeal swabs but positive for anal swabs) and anal swab negative group (n = 10) (negative for pharyngeal and anal swabs). The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative, and laboratory results were compared. Results The time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative in the anal swab positive group was 6 (5–8.5) days, significantly longer than that in the anal swab negative group (1 (1–4.25) days), P = 0.0002). The platelet count of the anal swab positive group was significantly lower than that of the anal swab negative group (198 (135–235) × 109/L vs 240.5 (227–264.75) × 109/L, P = 0.0248). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in other variables. Conclusions The time of pharyngeal swab turning negative in anal swab positive patients is longer than that in anal swab negative patients. The platelet count can be used as an indicator for viral infection evaluation. For patients with a longer time of pharyngeal swabs turning negative, the combined testing of the anal swab and platelet counts may help to avoid pharyngeal swab false negatives, premature discharge, and the possibility of fecal-oral transmission.

scholarly journals Opposing Functions of Classic and Novel IL-1 Family Members in Gut Health and Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loris R. Lopetuso ◽  
Saleem Chowdhry ◽  
Theresa T. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals Impact of Glucosamine Supplementation on Gut Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Moon ◽  
Peter Finnegan ◽  
Richard A. Stecker ◽  
Hanna Lee ◽  
Kayla M. Ratliff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Crossover Fashion ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Impact

Glucosamine (GLU) is a natural compound found in cartilage, and supplementation with glucosamine has been shown to improve joint heath and has been linked to reduced mortality rates. GLU is poorly absorbed and may exhibit functional properties in the gut. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of glucosamine on gastrointestinal function as well as changes in fecal microbiota and metabolome. Healthy males (n = 6) and females (n = 5) (33.4 ± 7.7 years, 174.1 ± 12.0 cm, 76.5 ± 12.9 kg, 25.2 ± 3.1 kg/m2, n = 11) completed two supplementation protocols that each spanned three weeks separated by a washout period that lasted two weeks. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover fashion, participants ingested a daily dose of GLU hydrochloride (3000 mg GlucosaGreen®, TSI Group Ltd., USA) or maltodextrin placebo. Study participants completed bowel habit and gastrointestinal symptoms questionnaires in addition to providing a stool sample that was analyzed for fecal microbiota and metabolome at baseline and after the completion of each supplementation period. GLU significantly reduced stomach bloating and showed a trend towards reducing constipation and hard stools. Phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s PD) and proportions of Pseudomonadaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Bacillaceae were significantly reduced following GLU consumption. GLU supplementation significantly reduced individual, total branched-chain, and total amino acid excretion, with no glucosamine being detected in any of the fecal samples. GLU had no effect on fecal short-chain fatty acids levels. GLU supplementation provided functional gut health benefits and induced fecal microbiota and metabolome changes.

scholarly journals 84. T2Candida Panel Use Evaluation: a Quality Improvement Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S59-S59
Author(s):  
Erika Reategui Schwarz ◽  
Meenakshi Rana ◽  
Rachel Chasan ◽  
Melissa R Gitman
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Candidiasis ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Antifungal Use

Abstract Background Invasive candidiasis is a life-threatening infection with 40% mortality despite antifungal therapy[1] A retrospective chart review of results from our T2Candida Panels from March 2019 to March 2020 was conducted. We compared demographics, co-morbidities, days of antifungal use, length of stay (LOS) and mortality in patients with positive and negative assays. Results 271 assays were performed, 27 were positive and were compared to 81 negatives. Baseline demographics and co-morbidities were similar in both groups. All patients tested had &gt;1 risk factor for candidemia. 78% were positive for C. albicans/C. tropicalis and 11% positive for C. glabrata/C. krusei and C. parapsilosis respectively. Blood cultures were positive in 8 individuals, of which 5 had a positive assay; among the other 3, one grew C. auris. All species in the T2Candida matched the blood cultures when available. β-D-glucan was positive in 82% of patients with positive T2 results vs 46% in the T2 negative group (p = 0.016). Antifungal administration within the time of assay collection was 54% in the negative group vs 74% in the positive group (p = 0.030). Mean duration of antifungal use were significantly lower in the negative group than the positive group (5.98 vs 17.55 days, p = 0.04). Demographics and Comorbidities Outcomes Cultures Conclusion T2Candida was an effective diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship tool, leading to testing in high risk patients and reducing unnecessary antifungal use. Additional education is required for improved ordering of concurrent blood cultures. Negative results should be interpreted with caution in suspected invasive candidiasis with consideration for species not included in the panel. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Telomerase Expression Predicts Unfavorable Outcome in Osteosarcoma

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 3790-3797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Sanders ◽  
Rachid Drissi ◽  
Catherine A. Billups ◽  
Najat C. Daw ◽  
Marcus B. Valentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Alternative Lengthening ◽  
Group 3

Purpose Osteosarcoma is distinct from most cancers in that the majority of osteosarcomas lack telomerase expression and use the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism to maintain telomeres. Laboratory studies suggest that compared with ALT, telomerase expression is associated with increased tumor aggressiveness. We evaluated the clinical significance of telomerase expression in human osteosarcoma. Patients and Methods Fifty-six osteosarcomas from 51 patients treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1982 and 2003 were evaluated for telomerase enzyme activity, mRNA expression of the catalytic component of telomerase (TERT), and presence of the ALT pathway. Results Outcome analysis was based on TERT mRNA expression in the primary tumor samples from 44 patients. Fourteen primary tumors expressed TERT mRNA (32%; eight TERT only, six TERT and ALT) and 30 did not express TERT mRNA (68%; 29 ALT, one no ALT). Progression-free survival (PFS) was inferior in the TERT-positive group compared with the TERT-negative group (3-year estimates, 21.4% ± 9.5% v 63.7% ± 11.1%; P = .014). Likewise, overall survival was inferior in the TERT-positive group compared with the TERT-negative group (3-year estimates, 42.9% ± 12.2% v 70.0% ± 9.9%; P = .031). Among 31 patients with nonmetastatic disease at diagnosis, PFS was lower in the TERT-positive group compared with the TERT-negative group (3-year estimates, 33.3% ± 13.6% v 72.0% ± 11.5%; P = .092). Conclusion Telomerase expression in primary tumor samples is associated with decreased PFS and OS in patients with osteosarcoma. Additional studies are warranted to better define the clinical utility of this molecular marker.

Clinicopathological characteristics of primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy with immunoglobulin M deposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Ouyang ◽  
Jian Wen ◽  
Kai Song ◽  
Huaying Shen
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Endothelial Cell Proliferation ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ig G

IntroductionImmunoglobulin (Ig) G deposition in patients with IgA nephro­pathy (IgAN) often indicates poor prognosis, but the relationship between IgM deposition and the clinicopathology of IgAN remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to further understand the relationship between IgM deposition and IgAN, so as to provide a basis for clinical evaluation and treatment.Material and methodsWe included a total of 839 IgAN patients from the nephropathy departments of 2 hospitals; there were 162 IgM-positive patients and 677 IgM-negative patients. Clinical and pathological data were retrospectively analysed. In addition, a multifaceted comparison was made between the IgM-positive group and the IgM-negative group.ResultsThe serum albumin and IgG levels of the IgM-positive group were lower than those of the IgM-negative group, and the levels of low-density lipo­protein, 24 h proteinuria, and IgM were higher than those of the IgM-nega­tive group. The proportion of endothelial cell proliferation (E1), segmental sclerosis or adhesion (S1), and renal tubular interstitial score in the IgM-posi­tive group were all higher than those in the IgM-negative group. Immunofluo­rescence results showed that the proportion of IgM-positive combination and IgG and C1q deposition was higher than that in the IgM-negative group.ConclusionsImmunoglobulin A nephropathy patients with IgM deposition have relatively poor clinical biochemical indicators, and the degree of renal pathological damage is also relatively serious.

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