scholarly journals In Vitro Fumonisin Biosynthesis and Genetic Structure of Fusarium verticillioides Strains from Five Mediterranean Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Beccari ◽  
Łukasz Stępień ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Veronica M. T. Lattanzio ◽  
Biancamaria Ciasca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Fumonisin B2 ◽  
High Level

Investigating the in vitro fumonisin biosynthesis and the genetic structure of Fusarium verticillioides populations can provide important insights into the relationships between strains originating from various world regions. In this study, 90 F. verticillioides strains isolated from maize in five Mediterranean countries (Italy, Spain, Tunisia, Egypt and Iran) were analyzed to investigate their ability to in vitro biosynthesize fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2 and fumonisin B3 and to characterize their genetic profile. In general, 80% of the analyzed strains were able to biosynthesize fumonisins (range 0.03–69.84 μg/g). Populations from Italy, Spain, Tunisia and Iran showed a similar percentage of fumonisin producing strains (>90%); conversely, the Egyptian population showed a lower level of producing strains (46%). Significant differences in fumonisin biosynthesis were detected among strains isolated in the same country and among strains isolated from different countries. A portion of the divergent FUM1 gene and of intergenic regions FUM6-FUM7 and FUM7-FUM8 were sequenced to evaluate strain diversity among populations. A high level of genetic uniformity inside the populations analyzed was detected. Apparently, neither geographical origin nor fumonisin production ability were correlated to the genetic diversity of the strain set. However, four strains from Egypt differed from the remaining strains.

scholarly journals Immunobiological Effects of Fumonisin B1 in Experimental Subchronic Mycotoxicoses in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Theumer ◽  
A. G. López ◽  
D. T. Masih ◽  
S. N. Chulze ◽  
H. R. Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Interleukin 4

ABSTRACT Fumonisin B1 (FB1), the principal secondary metabolite produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A), is a potent toxin that can be found in fungus-contaminated corn and corn-based food products. We have investigated the immunobiological effects of subchronic dietary exposure to FB1 in male Wistar rats. Animals were fed with diets containing 0 (control) or 100 ppm of FB1 for 12 weeks. The total FB1 intake on day 90 was 810 mg/kg of body weight. Food consumption, body weight, and body weight gain on day 90 were reduced in animals exposed to FB1. Histopathologic changes consisted of histiocytic perivascular infiltrate and an increased number of Kupffer cells in the liver, necrosis and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney, and increased mitotic figures and lymphocytic infiltrate in the small intestine. Serum enzyme alkaline phosphatase was significantly elevated in rats fed FB1, while triglyceride levels decreased compared to controls. Treatment with FB1 in vivo or in vitro did not have a significant effect on mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen mononuclear cells. However, increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and decreased levels of IL-10 were released by these cells in culture compared to controls. FB1 in vivo or in vitro decreased the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released by peritoneal macrophages, while no changes in levels of superoxide anion produced by total peritoneal cells were detected. The results from the present work demonstrate that subchronic FB1 intake could affect the small intestine and alter the interleukin profile and some main functions of macrophages in antitumor activity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of potential biocontrol agents for control of Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin B1 under different environmental conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I.P. Samsudin ◽  
N. Magan
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Inhibition Studies ◽  
Spore Cell

A mycotoxigenic strain of Fusarium verticillioides previously isolated from Malaysian maize kernels and identified morphologically and molecularly was used in the present work. The objectives were (1) to screen the competitiveness of three potential antagonists isolated from Malaysian maize and three other known candidates for control of growth of F. verticillioides in vitro based on interaction scores, growth rates and hyphal area of F. verticillioides, and (2) to examine the best candidates using different spore/cell ratios on milled maize agar at different water activity conditions on relative control of fumonisin B1 (FB1). Three fungi and three bacteria (BCAs 1-6) were examined for antagonistic effects against F. verticillioides in dual-culture assays. These showed that all fungal candidates intermingled with F. verticillioides while all bacterial candidates inhibited F. verticillioides on contact or at a distance, which in turn decreased the growth rates and hyphal area of F. verticillioides significantly. Although BCA1 (Clonostachys rosea 016) did not inhibit growth or hyphal area of F. verticillioides, it was included in FB1 inhibition studies with other bacterial candidates (BCA4, Streptomyces sp. AS1; BCA5, Gram-negative rod; BCA6, Enterobacter hormaechei) because of its established mycoparasitism. The FB1 inhibition studies were conducted on milled maize agar with different spore/cell ratios of pathogen:antagonist mixtures at 0.95/0.98 water activity (aw) and 25 °C for 14 days. FB1 biosynthesis for all treatments was significantly higher at 0.95 than 0.98 aw. Of the four antagonists tested, the best was BCA1 which inhibited FB1 biosynthesis by 73 and 100% at 0.95 and 0.98 aw, respectively. BCA5 was the next best, resulting in 38 and 78% FB1 inhibition at 0.95 and 0.98 aw, respectively. The pathogen:antagonist ratios for BCA1 and BCA5 showed best results at 50:50 and 25:75. These results were discussed in context of using biocontrol agents to minimise fumonisins in maize.

scholarly journals Determination of the amount of bioaccessible fumonisin B1 in different matrices after in vitro digestion

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Szabó-Fodor ◽  
C. Dall'Asta ◽  
C. Falavigna ◽  
M. Kachlek ◽  
Á. Szécsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pre Treatment

Conventional analytical methods used for the analysis of fumonisin content in animal feeds fail to take into account the fumonisin content bound to the matrix, which is otherwise bioaccessible and can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, underestimation of fumonisin content using routine analytical methods can affect animal experiments using cereals contaminated by fungi. In the present study, hidden fumonisin B1 was analysed in two cereal substrates (maize and wheat) which were inoculated with Fusarium verticillioides (MRC 826). The study compared a routine extraction procedure with an in vitro digestion sample pre-treatment. We found that all samples showed a higher content of fumonisin B1 after digestion, compared to the free fumonisin obtained only by extraction. The percentage of the hidden form was 38.6% (±18.5) in maize and 28.3% (±17.8) in wheat, expressed as the proportion of total fumonisin B1. These results indicate that the toxin exposure of the animals determined by the routine fumonisin analysis was underestimated, generally by 40%, as bioaccessibility was not taken into consideration. This is crucial in interpretation (and maybe in re-evaluation) of the results obtained from (other) animal experiments.

Limited Surveillance of Fumonisins in Brown Rice and Wheat Harvested in Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAYO KUSHIRO ◽  
YAZHI ZHENG ◽  
REIKO NAGATA ◽  
HIROYUKI NAKAGAWA ◽  
HITOSHI NAGASHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mass Spec ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Fumonisin B2

Fumonisins are mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides, which is a major contaminant of corn. However, there are sporadic reports of fumonisin contamination in wheat worldwide. The rice adherent fungus Gibberella fujikuroi is taxonomically closely related to F. verticillioides. Therefore, the potential risk of fumonisin contamination in rice and wheat is significant. Previously, a sensitive detection method utilizing liquid chromatography with tandem electrospray mass spec-trometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) was developed for the determination of fumonisins in brown rice. In the present study, the incidence of fumonisins in brown rice and wheat harvested in Japan was investigated using LC-ESI-MS-MS. Forty-eight rice samples and 47 wheat samples were screened and analyzed for the major B-type fumonisins: fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2). About 1 kg of rice or wheat seed was divided into three subsamples, and 10 g from each subsample was used for the analysis. The limits of detection were 0.012 and 0.011 mg/kg for FB1 and FB2, respectively, in rice samples and 0.010 and 0.008 mg/kg for FB1 and FB2, respectively, in wheat samples. The mean (standard deviation) recoveries of FB1 spiked at 0.50 mg/kg into toxin-free rice and wheat samples were 77.6 (4.2)% and 84.5 (3.1)%, respectively. One of the wheat samples was positive for FB1 with a value greater than the limit of detection, but no fumonisin was found in any of the rice samples. This is the first report of fumonisins detected in Japanese wheat.

Fumonisin B1-4-producing capacity of Hungarian Fusarium verticillioides isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Szécsi ◽  
A. Szekeres ◽  
T. Bartók ◽  
G. Oros ◽  
M. Bartók ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Culture Material ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Different Sources

The fumonisin B1-4 (FB1-4) toxin-producing capacities of 60 strains of Fusarium verticillioides isolated in the main maize-cultivating areas of Hungary were screened on rice grains in vitro. The amounts of FB1, FB2, FB3 and FB4 in the extracts of the culture material were determined by RP-HPLC/ESI-IT MS without any sample clean-up. All F. verticillioides strains produced all analogues (FB1-4) of the fumonisin B series. The strains did not differ significantly in their cultural characteristics, though the analytical results allowed the distinction of three idiosyncratic FB1-4-producing chemotypes with characteristic proportions of the fumonisin B analogues. The dominant chemotype produced them in the sequence FB1 > FB2 > FB3 > FB4, with large amounts of FB1 and FB2. A second chemotype produced a higher amount of FB3 than of FB2, while the third chemotype produced large amounts of FB2 and FB4. The proportion of FB1 in the extracts was inversely correlated with the total FB yield. No differences in FB1-4 producing capacity were observed between strains isolated from various locations or different sources.

scholarly journals Fumonisins production potential of Fusarium verticillioides isolated from Serbian maize and wheat kernels

2017 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Sasa Krstovic ◽  
Sandra Jaksic ◽  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Snezana Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Wheat Kernels ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

The production of fumonisins by potentially toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides isolates originating from Serbian maize and wheat kernels was tested in vitro. A total of six F. verticillioides isolates were incubated on yeast extract sucrose medium (YESA) for 4 weeks at 25 ?C in the dark. Their toxin production potential was tested by applying a modified HPLC method for determination of fumonisins in cereals, since the TLC method gave no results. Analyses were performed on a HPLC-FLD system after sample extraction from YESA and extract cleanup on a SPE column. Although the isolates were tested for fumonisin B1, B2 and B3, only fumonisin B1 was detected. The results showed that all tested isolates had toxigenic potential for fumonisin B1 production. The average fumonisin B1 production of the isolates ranged from 7 to 289 ?g/kg, thus indicating a highly variable toxigenic potential among the isolates. Isolate 1282 expressed the highest toxigenic potential for fumonisin B1 production (289 ?g/kg), while isolate 2533/A showed a questionable potential for fumonisin production (7 ?g/kg).

Fusarium verticillioides andFusarium graminearum Infection and Fumonisin B1 and Zearalenone Accumulation in Resveratrol-treated Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marín ◽  
A. J. Ramos ◽  
D. Cuevas ◽  
V. Sanchis
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Grapes

Resveratrol antimycotoxigenic activity was tested against Fusarium verticillioidesand Fusarium graminearum in corn. Both trans-resveratrol and RES VIN® (a commercial lyophilised polyphenolic product obtained from the skins of red wine grapes, which contains a 10.015% resveratrol) were tested for their efficacy to control mycotoxins accumulation in corn. In particular, their effects were tested against fumonisin B1(FB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) accumulation in naturally contaminated corn with additional inocula of toxinogenic isolates of either F. verticillioides or F. graminearum. ZEA accumulation was reduced by 80% in F. graminearum inoculated samples, while no inhibition of FB1 accumulation was observed in any of the treatments tested. Resveratrol has previously shown to have antifungal properties against certain fungal species. Thus, studies are needed using higher resveratrol concentrations in order to achieve wider antimycotoxigenic effect as reported in in vitro studies. Trans-resveratrol and RES VIN® had similar effects in the experiment carried out, suggesting that the use of the sub product of the wine industry could be a good alternative to synthetic resveratrol.

CONNECTION g.307 G > A SNP POLYMORPHISM OF THE ALPHA-FUKOZYLTRASFERAZA 1 GENE WITH ECONOMIC-USEFUL TRAITS IN THE LARGE WHITE PIG BREED

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
H. S. Rudoman ◽  
V. M. Balatsky ◽  
V. Y. Nor ◽  
V. O. Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
High Level

One of the top priorities at the present stage of development of pig breeding remains the development of a set of measures aimed at increasing the resistance animals to various diseases, especially – to colibacteriosis .One of the recent and effective approaches to prevent colibacillosis is using markers of selection; it involves pig genotyping by genome locuses. Chosen locuses are associated with animal sensitivity to the disease and selection of the results of genotyping of animals with increased resistance. Due to researches, one of such locuses is alpha-fukozyltrasferаza 1 gene (FUT1). Gene FUT1 is located in chromosome 6. As a result of its sequencing in the swine breeds of Large White and Swedish Landrace, single-nucleotide polymorphism (g.307 G > A SNP) has been detected. AA genotype determines the resistance of animals to colibacteriosis, while AG and GG genotypes are susceptible to this disease. According to the results of previous studies, the positive effect of allele A was determined not only on the resistance of pigs to colibacteriosis, but also on indicators of fattening and meat productivity and on reproductive performance. In Ukraine, the studies of polymorphism FUT1 g.307 G > A SNP were held fragmentedly and only on certain populations of Ukrainian Meat and Large White breed but without establishing its association with the indicators of productivity of pigs. The aim of our work was to study the genetic structure of Ukrainian Large White breeds, type 1 and the establishment of association. g. 307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene with pigs indicators of productivity. For research the 96 samples of hair were used. DNA isolation from samples with biomaterial were carried out using ion exchange resin Chelex-100. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP by method of Jorgensen et al. (2006). Using DNA analysis of this breeds locus FUT1 was determined by genetic structure. Allele frequency of allele G (0,573) and allele A (0,427) was established The distribution of genotype frequencies was not statistically significantly different from the theoretically expected, calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg criterion. Thus, according to the locus of FUT1 g.307 G > A, the breeds investigated are in a state close to the genetic equilibrium. The negative value of the fixation index by the locus FUT1 g.307 G > A indicates an excess of heterozygotes in the population, and hence the lack of targeted selection for this marker. The valuation was performed by calculating the PIC (polymorphic information content) – information content of polymorphism marker. In the analyzed pig herd for this marker, the PIC has an average value (0,367), which indicates the high level of polymorphism of the given locus and is favorable for the possibility of conducting a search for links between individual genotypes and indicators of productivity. To establish the association g.307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene with indicators of animal productivity, a one-way analysis of variance of the experimental data was used. Based on the results of a one-way analysis of variance, a significant effect of the genotypes of the FUT1gene (g.1849 G > C) on the indicator of the average daily weight gain (р ≤ 0,001), the thickness of the bacon at the level of the VI-VII vertebrae (p ≤ 0.01), reaching live weight of 100 kg (р ≤ 0,001) and breeding index of fattening qualities (р ≤ 0,01) was found. The parameter of the influence of the genetic factor on the test feature was 28,54%, 10,4%, 33,4% and 8,8% respectively. According to the investigated indicators of productivity, animals with genotype AA, which determines resistance to colibacteriosis, dominated the animals with genotypes GG and AG. Based on the results of our research and pre-published data, the multiple effect of the g.307 G > A SNP FUT1 gene is observed, which is associated with the indicators of productivity, which again confirms the polygenicity of the quantitative trait loci of farm animals. Taking into account a high level of polymorphism of the investigated gene and reliable associations of genotypes with indicators of productivity found, it can be recommended to carry out breeding of pigs using genetic information of the g.307 G > A SNP gene FUT1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document