scholarly journals The Complexity of the Holobiont in the Red Sea Coral Euphyllia paradivisa under Heat Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Dalit Meron ◽  
Keren Maor-Landaw ◽  
Gal Eyal ◽  
Hila Elifantz ◽  
Ehud Banin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Coral Holobiont

The recognition of the microbiota complexity and their role in the evolution of their host is leading to the popularization of the holobiont concept. However, the coral holobiont (host and its microbiota) is still enigmatic and unclear. Here, we explore the complex relations between different holobiont members of a mesophotic coral Euphyllia paradivisa. We subjected two lines of the coral—with photosymbionts, and without photosymbionts (apo-symbiotic)—to increasing temperatures and to antibiotics. The different symbiotic states were characterized using transcriptomics, microbiology and physiology techniques. The bacterial community’s composition is dominated by bacteroidetes, alphaproteobacteria, and gammaproteobacteria, but is dependent upon the symbiont state, colony, temperature treatment, and antibiotic exposure. Overall, the most important parameter determining the response was whether the coral was a symbiont/apo-symbiotic, while the colony and bacterial composition were secondary factors. Enrichment Gene Ontology analysis of coral host’s differentially expressed genes demonstrated the cellular differences between symbiotic and apo-symbiotic samples. Our results demonstrate the significance of each component of the holobiont consortium and imply a coherent link between them, which dramatically impacts the molecular and cellular processes of the coral host, which possibly affect its fitness, particularly under environmental stress.

scholarly journals Heat stress destabilizes symbiotic nutrient cycling in corals

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. e2022653118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Rädecker ◽  
Claudia Pogoreutz ◽  
Hagen M. Gegner ◽  
Anny Cárdenas ◽  
Florian Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Algal Symbiosis ◽  
Energy Limitation

Recurrent mass bleaching events are pushing coral reefs worldwide to the brink of ecological collapse. While the symptoms and consequences of this breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis have been extensively characterized, our understanding of the underlying causes remains incomplete. Here, we investigated the nutrient fluxes and the physiological as well as molecular responses of the widespread coral Stylophora pistillata to heat stress prior to the onset of bleaching to identify processes involved in the breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis. We show that altered nutrient cycling during heat stress is a primary driver of the functional breakdown of the symbiosis. Heat stress increased the metabolic energy demand of the coral host, which was compensated by the catabolic degradation of amino acids. The resulting shift from net uptake to release of ammonium by the coral holobiont subsequently promoted the growth of algal symbionts and retention of photosynthates. Together, these processes form a feedback loop that will gradually lead to the decoupling of carbon translocation from the symbiont to the host. Energy limitation and altered symbiotic nutrient cycling are thus key factors in the early heat stress response, directly contributing to the breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis. Interpreting the stability of the coral holobiont in light of its metabolic interactions provides a missing link in our understanding of the environmental drivers of bleaching and may ultimately help uncover fundamental processes underpinning the functioning of endosymbioses in general.

scholarly journals Elucidating gene expression adaptation of phylogenetically divergent coral holobionts under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viridiana Avila-Magaña ◽  
Bishoy Kamel ◽  
Michael DeSalvo ◽  
Kelly Gómez-Campo ◽  
Susana Enríquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stress Experiment ◽  
Multiple Interactions

AbstractAs coral reefs struggle to survive under climate change, it is crucial to know whether they have the capacity to withstand changing conditions, particularly increasing seawater temperatures. Thermal tolerance requires the integrative response of the different components of the coral holobiont (coral host, algal photosymbiont, and associated microbiome). Here, using a controlled thermal stress experiment across three divergent Caribbean coral species, we attempt to dissect holobiont member metatranscriptome responses from coral taxa with different sensitivities to heat stress and use phylogenetic ANOVA to study the evolution of gene expression adaptation. We show that coral response to heat stress is a complex trait derived from multiple interactions among holobiont members. We identify host and photosymbiont genes that exhibit lineage-specific expression level adaptation and uncover potential roles for bacterial associates in supplementing the metabolic needs of the coral-photosymbiont duo during heat stress. Our results stress the importance of integrative and comparative approaches across a wide range of species to better understand coral survival under the predicted rise in sea surface temperatures.

scholarly journals Gene Ontology Analysis of GWA Study Data Sets Provides Insights into the Biology of Bipolar Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holmans ◽  
Elaine K. Green ◽  
Jaspreet Singh Pahwa ◽  
Manuel A.R. Ferreira ◽  
Shaun M. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis

Genome-wide screening of m6A-modified transcript in the Wilms’ tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Liu ◽  
Feng He ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Shengrong OuYang ◽  
Zexi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Wilms’ tumor, also called nephroblastoma, is the most common pediatric renal malignancy. The pathogenesis of Wilms’ tumor has been attributed to several genetic and epigenetic factors. However, the most pervasive internal mRNA modification that affects almost every process of RNA metabolism, RNA N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, has not been characterized in Wilms’ tumor. Methods Wilms’ tumor (WT) and adjacent non-cancerous (NC) tissue samples were obtained from 23 children with nephroblastoma, and the global m6A levels were measured by mass spectrometry. Analyses by m6A-mRNA epitranscriptomic microarray and mRNA microarray were performed, and m6A-related mRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR for input and m6A-immunoprecipitated RNA samples from WT and NC tissues. Gene ontology analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed for differentially expressed genes, and expression of RNA methylation-related factors was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results The total m6A methylation levels in total RNA of WT samples and NC samples were (0.21 ± 0.01)% and (0.22 ± 0.01)%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. Fifty-nine transcripts were differentially m6A-methylated between the WT and NC groups, which showed distinct m6A modification patterns. Gene ontology analysis indicated that m6A-modified genes were enriched in cancer-associated pathways, including the mTOR pathway, and conjoint analysis of the unique methylation and gene expression patterns in WT samples suggested an association with metabolic pathways.The mRNA levels of the m6A-related “reader” genes, YTHDF1, YTHDF2 and IGF2BP3, were statistically higher in WT samples than in NC samples. Conclusion This is the first study to determine the m6A modification profiles in Wilms’ tumor. Our data provide novel information regarding patterns of m6A modification that correlate with carcinogenesis in Wilms’ tumor.

scholarly journals LEVELS OF HORMONES TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND PLASMA BLOOD GLUCOSE BROILER STARTER DUE TO HEAT STRESS AND PRELIMINARY DIFFERENCE FEEDING TIME

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
Liborio Ximenes ◽  
Pratiwi Trisunuwati ◽  
Muharlien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment

The study was conducted to know blood glucose and triiodothyronine levels of broiler starter due to heat stress and different initial-time feeding. The material used in this study was 64 male DOC broilers of Lohmann strain with the average initial weight of 47.98 ± 2.24 g. The experiment was designed based on randomized block design with a 2x2 factorial and four replications. The treatment combinations as follow: S1W1 = low temperature, feeding 12 hours post-hatching; S1W2 = low temperature, feeding 24 hours post-hatching; S2W1 = high temperature, feeding 12 hours post-hatching; S2W2 = high temperature, feeding 24 hours post-hatching. The Data were Analyzed by using ANOVA. If there was a significant effect (P <0.05) or very significant effect (P <0.01) in Followed by Duncan's test. The result Showed that heat stress treatment significantly affected (P <0.05) to the triiodothyronine level, while initial feeding treatment had no significant effect. Also, blood glucose levels had no significant effect due to the treatments. It concluded that heat stress negatively affected by the blood glucose and triiodothyronine levels of broiler starter. The initial-time feeding has no effect on the blood glucose and triiodothyronine levels. Interactions between treatment and different temperature-time initial feeding have no effect. Nevertheless, the low temperature treatment and initial feeding of 12 hours post-hatching shows the best results with blood glucose 246.25 ± 9.91 mg / dl and triiodothyronine of 2.05 ± 0.14 ng / ml.

Abstract P112: Elevated Blood Pressure In Conventionalized Germ-free Rats Is Coupled With Upregulation Of Kynurenic Pathway Metabolites And Central Immune Responses

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Saroj Chakraborty ◽  
Piu Saha ◽  
Blair Mell ◽  
Xi Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Sd Rats

Background: Recent evidence supports that metabolic dysfunction underlies hypertension. Injection of kynurenate, a metabolite of tryptophan pathway, into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) lowers blood pressure (BP). Intestinal absorption and metabolism of tryptophan are impacted by gut microbiota. Since gut-brain axis contributes to gut dysbiosis-inducd hypertension, we hypothesized that gut microbiota modulates the levels of kynurenic pathway metabolites that have central impact on BP regulation. Methods: We, for the first time, used 7 weeks old male Germ-free (GF) Spague Dawley (SD) rats (n=5) and GF rats co-housed with conventional SD rats for 10 days (GFC) (n=6). BP was measured by tail-cuff. Serum metabolites were quantified by 6495 triple quandrople mass spectrometryand data was normalized using isotoplic labelled compounds. The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the principal sensory nucleus for peripheral changes, and the PVN, a relay center projecting sympathetic output based on the integrated afferent inputs from brain regions including NTS, were analyzed by microarray hybridization for mRNA expression. Results: Compared to the GF rats, GFC rats had significantly higher systolic (139 mmHg vs 115 mmHg, p <0.05), diastolic BP (96 mmHg vs 79 mmHg, p <0.05), and serum levels of kynurenic acid (-9.76 vs -10.21, p <0.05) and 3-hydroxy kynurenine (-6.49 vs -7.34, p <0.01). Coupled with these increases in kynurenic pathway metabolites, microarray analyses demonstrated increased immune responses (e.g. Cd74, Il1b, Cxcl1, Mmp14 ) in the PVN (gene ontology analysis, p <0.001) and increased cell differentiation and synaptic plasticity (e.g. Sox11, Tp53, Cdk6, Hoxb4, Foxo4, Cyr61 ) in the NTS (gene ontology analysis, p <0.01). Conclusion: Colonization of gut microbiota in GF rats induced increased cell differentiation and synaptic plasticity in the NTS and immune responses in the PVN, indicating the restructured sensory neurons of the NTS and enhanced sympathetic output from the PVN. These are in line with increased levels of kynurenic acid and 3-hydroxy kynurenine, and BP, respectively, suggesting that BP regulation by the gut-brain axis may be mediated by kynurenic pathway.

Comparative analysis of microRNA expression profiles in the colons of specific pathogen-free mice and germ-free mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Aoki ◽  
Reiji Aoki ◽  
Madoka Yatagai ◽  
Toshiyuki Kawasumi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Mrna Targets ◽  
Significant Gene ◽  
Specific Pathogen

ABSTRACT MicroRNAs play an important role in microbiota–host crosstalk. In this study, we compared microRNA expression in whole colons of specific pathogen-free mice and germ-free mice. Forty-eight microRNAs were differentially expressed by more than 2-fold. Gene ontology analysis of the predicted mRNA targets revealed that the majority of the most significant gene ontology terms were related to GTPases and nerves.

scholarly journals hnRNP A1 Regulates Alternative Splicing of Tau Exon 10 by Targeting 3′ Splice Sites

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchao Liu ◽  
Donggun Kim ◽  
Namjeong Choi ◽  
Jagyeong Oh ◽  
Jiyeon Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Splice Site ◽  
Hnrnp A1 ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis ◽  
Splice Sites ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Exon 10

The ratio control of 4R-Tau/3R-Tau by alternative splicing of Tau exon 10 is important for maintaining brain functions. In this study, we show that hnRNP A1 knockdown induces inclusion of endogenous Tau exon 10, conversely, overexpression of hnRNP A1 promotes exon 10 skipping of Tau. In addition, hnRNP A1 inhibits splicing of intron 9, but not intron 10. Furthermore, hnRNP A1 directly interacts with the 3′ splice site of exon 10 to regulate its functions in alternative splicing. Finally, gene ontology analysis demonstrates that hnRNP A1-induced splicing and gene expression targets a subset of genes with neuronal function.

Responses of coral-associated bacterial communities to heat stress differ withSymbiodiniumtype on the same coral host

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1978-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAECHEL A. LITTMAN ◽  
DAVID G. BOURNE ◽  
BETTE L. WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Coral Host
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document