scholarly journals Epidemic Alphaviruses: Ecology, Emergence and Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha R. Azar ◽  
Rafael K. Campos ◽  
Nicholas A. Bergren ◽  
Vidyleison N. Camargos ◽  
Shannan L. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Use

Over the past century, the emergence/reemergence of arthropod-borne zoonotic agents has been a growing public health concern. In particular, agents from the genus Alphavirus pose a significant risk to both animal and human health. Human alphaviral disease presents with either arthritogenic or encephalitic manifestations and is associated with significant morbidity and/or mortality. Unfortunately, there are presently no vaccines or antiviral measures approved for human use. The present review examines the ecology, epidemiology, disease, past outbreaks, and potential to cause contemporary outbreaks for several alphavirus pathogens.

scholarly journals Opioid use and diabetes: An overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
Yatan Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chronic Effects

AbstractIllicit opioids have emerged as a major public health problem over the past century. It continues to remain so in the current times. From the studies conducted among the animals, it has been clear that there are acute as well as chronic effects of opioids on the endocrine system. Diabetes has been recognized as a major public health concern and is expected to be a major problem in the coming decades. In this article, we shall discuss the effects of opioids in the glucose homeostasis in both the animal population and human population and its relation to diabetes.

scholarly journals Dengue: A Minireview

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harapan Harapan ◽  
Alice Michie ◽  
R. Tedjo Sasmono ◽  
Allison Imrie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Dengue Virus Serotypes

Dengue, caused by infection of any of four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4), is a mosquito-borne disease of major public health concern associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic cost, particularly in developing countries. Dengue incidence has increased 30-fold in the last 50 years and over 50% of the world’s population, in more than 100 countries, live in areas at risk of DENV infection. We reviews DENV biology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics including circulating serotypes and genotypes, the immune response, the pathogenesis of the disease as well as updated diagnostic methods, treatments, vector control and vaccine developments.

scholarly journals General hospital services in the UK for adults presenting after self-harm: little evidence of progress in the past 25 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-662
Author(s):  
Allan House ◽  
David Owens
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Hospital Services ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Services Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Research And Policy

SummarySelf-harm remains a serious public health concern, not least because of its strong link with suicide. Twenty-five years ago we lamented the deficits in UK services, research and policy. Since then, there has not been nearly enough effective action in any of these three domains. It is time for action.

scholarly journals Arthritogenic Alphavirus Capsid Protein

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Shambhavi Rao ◽  
Adam Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Virion Assembly ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Infection Processes

In the past two decades Old World and arthritogenic alphavirus have been responsible for epidemics of polyarthritis, causing high morbidity and becoming a major public health concern. The multifunctional arthritogenic alphavirus capsid protein is crucial for viral infection. Capsid protein has roles in genome encapsulation, budding and virion assembly. Its role in multiple infection processes makes capsid protein an attractive target to exploit in combating alphaviral infection. In this review, we summarize the function of arthritogenic alphavirus capsid protein, and describe studies that have used capsid protein to develop novel arthritogenic alphavirus therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.

scholarly journals Food Adulteration: a serious public health concern in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Arifur Rahman ◽  
Md Zakir Sultan ◽  
Mohammad Sharifur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Food Adulteration ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Impact

Adulteration of foods has become a national issue. The problem is not only ignoring the human rights for safer food but also endangering public health seriously with numerous acute and chronic diseases. Our future generation will be seriously affected with vulnerable physical and mental growth inflicted by food adulteration. This paper describes the impact of consumption of adulterated foods on human health and the roles of the concerned authorities to eradicate it. The key objective of this paper is not to blame or undermine anyone. We intend to inform the current scenario of food adulteration and wish to bring a positive change through proper measures by the concerned regulatory authorities.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 18(1): 1-7, 2015

scholarly journals Quantitative Risk Assessment of Acrylamide in Indonesian Deep Fried Fritters as Street Food Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-669
Author(s):  
Yoga Pratama ◽  
Liesbeth Jacxsens
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Street Food

Acrylamide, a carcinogenic and neurotoxic compound, is a public health concern in fried food products. This paper demonstrated, for the first time, the exposure assessment and risk characterization of acrylamide through consumption of deep fried fritters, a popular snack of Indonesian population which commonly sold as street food. Acrylamide concentration data were collected from selected monitoring data and laboratory simulated researches, while the consumption data covered 263 respondents (adult, age 16-40). Exposure assessment was conducted with probabilistic approach and followed by Margin of Exposure (MoE) calculation. Estimated mean, median (P50) and P95 acrylamide intake were 14.85, 4.10 and 76.06 µg/kg- bw/week, respectively. Thus, resulted in estimated 17.4% of population exceed the reported tolerable intake value (18.2 µg/kg-bw/week). MoE derived from average exposure was 75, indicating significant risk and need of risk management action. Possible mitigation of 70% acrylamide level reduction was simulated and MoE shifted towards 248. Although the MoE was increased, the value was still lower than 10,000 indicating a public health concern. The risk assessment study can be a valuable input for risk managers such as food safety authorities across Indonesia or neighboring countries consuming fried street foods.

Edible Mushrooms from Niger Delta, Nigeria with Heavy Metal Levels of Public Health Concern: A Human Health Risk Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorbari Igbiri ◽  
Nnaemeka A. Udowelle ◽  
Osazuwa C. Ekhator ◽  
Rose N. Asomugha ◽  
Zelinjo N. Igweze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Metal Levels

scholarly journals The epidemiology and health burden of neurocysticercosis in tertiary hospital of Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
RB Sah ◽  
L Subedi ◽  
N Pandey ◽  
BP Sah ◽  
S Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Record Section

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infestation of the central nervous system and is one of the major public health problems in developing nations like Nepal. This study was conducted to find out total number of neurocysticercosis cases in BPKIHS from 2005 to 2013 AD and to know the duration for which cases were admitted and improvement seen in them. This is a hospital based retrospective study conducted from 31st March to 13th April 2014 to see the number of NCC in B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan of Nepal, a tertiary level referral hospital in the Eastern Nepal. It was study in which secondary data, consistent with the diagnosis of Neurocysticercosis was collected from the Medical Record Section of BPKIHS and reviewed. One hundred fourteen cases of neurocysticercosis were enrolled. The patients were predominantly males (nearly 63.2%) and it was more commonly seen in 2-20 years age group (42%). Most of the cases were from Sunsari District. Most of the patients (63.2%) were admitted in Medicine wards. Almost 90.4% of admitted Neurocysticercosis cases were improved in BPKIHS. The trend of Neurocysticercosis cases did not show any showed any consistent pattern in the past nine years. We conclude that the problem of Neurocysticercosis is common and has become a key public health concern for all. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i2.10854 Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(2): 13-16

scholarly journals Rabies surveillance, trends in animal rabies and human post-exposure treatment in Poland, 1990 -2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sadkowska-Todys ◽  
M Rosinska ◽  
M Smreczak ◽  
M Czerwinski ◽  
J F Zmudzinski
Keyword(s):  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Exposure Treatment ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes recent changes in the epizootical and epidemiological situation of rabies in Poland. Analysis of routine surveillance data on animal cases and human post-exposure treatment was performed in order to examine the impact of introduction of cell culture vaccine for human use and the implementation of the fox immunisation programme. The success of the immunisation programme for wild animals has become evident during the past 3 years, as a 9-fold decrease in animal rabies cases has been observed. To date, however, the downward trend in animal rabies cases has had no effect on the frequency of administration of the post-exposure treatment for humans. Moreover, two cases of locally acquired human rabies have occurred in patients who did not receive post-exposure vaccination. These cases prove that rabies should be still considered a public health concern in Poland.

Adolescent Risk and Protective Factors for the Use of Electronic Cigarettes

2021 ◽  
pp. 263207702098073
Author(s):  
Jason J. Burrow-Sánchez ◽  
Benjamin R. Ratcliff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adolescent Risk

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) by adolescents is a serious public health concern. The major aim of the current study is to conduct a comprehensive examination of adolescent e-cigarette use in relation to risk and protective factors for a school-based sample. The present study is based on a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Prevention Needs Assessment (PNA) Survey that is administered every 2 years in the state of Utah to a large sample of students ( n = 54,853) in Grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 from more than 400 schools. The PNA Survey measures substance use, mental health symptoms, and antisocial behavior as well as their associated risk and protective factors. Almost 9% of adolescents in this study reported using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. Adolescents who reported infrequent (1–5 days) and frequent (6+ days) use of e-cigarettes also indicated lower levels of protection (e.g., perceived harm) and higher levels of risk (e.g., favorable attitudes) compared with students who did not report using e-cigarettes in the past 30 days. The frequency of adolescent e-cigarette use can distinguish between risk and protective factors. Findings suggest that the risk and protective factors relevant for adolescent alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use extend to the use of the e-cigarettes. Certain risk factors (e.g., favorable attitudes toward substance use) and protective factors (e.g., perceived risk for use of e-cigarettes) hold promise for preventive interventions in addressing this public health concern.

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