scholarly journals Healthcare-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Transmission—Experiences from a German University Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos L. Correa-Martínez ◽  
Vera Schwierzeck ◽  
Alexander Mellmann ◽  
Marc Hennies ◽  
Stefanie Kampmeier
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Index Cases

During the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, healthcare systems worldwide have to prevent nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission while maintaining duty of care. In our study, we characterize the transmission dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 in inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs) at the University Hospital Münster (UHM) in northwest Germany. We identified 27 cases of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infections (4 inpatients and 23 HCWs) who had contact with patients and/or HCWs without the use of adequate PPE. The contacts of these index cases were followed up for SARS-CoV-2 infection after unprotected exposure and a quantitative measure of probability of becoming infected, the attack rate, was calculated. In addition, transmission was evaluated in the context of infection control measures established during the pandemic and we compared the epidemiological data of all index cases, including symptoms and Ct values of virology test results. The overall attack rate in the hospital setting was 1.3% (inpatients 0.9%, HCWs 1.6%). However, during an outbreak, the attack rate was 25.5% (inpatients 20.0%, HCWs 29.6%). For both scenarios, HCWs had a higher attack rate illustrating their role in healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Taken together, our experiences demonstrate how infection control measures can minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the healthcare setting.

scholarly journals Infant Case of Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Citrobacter koseri Urinary Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyppolite K Tchidjou ◽  
Bernard Romeo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Infant Case

Abstract Since 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly contagious with a high mortality rate. France has taken strict infection control measures. According to the report by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, children are less affected with COVID-19 and seem to have less severe disease than adults. We reported the first confirmed infant case of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Citrobacter koseri urinary infection in 6-week-old child admitted on 25 March 2020 with mild symptoms in the Pediatric COVID Unit of Amiens University Hospital, France.

scholarly journals Epidemiological analysis of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infection cluster among mechanically ventilated pediatric intensive care patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa Seddik Hamza ◽  
Samar Saeed Morsi ◽  
Ebtehal Saleh Al Roomi ◽  
Vincent Olubunmi Rotimi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Elizabethkingia Meningoseptica ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is frequently found in hospital environments and usually associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), particularly in patients in the intensive care units (ICU). The current study report an outbreak of E. meningoseptica infection/colonization in the pediatric intensive care unit, highlighted the infection control methods used to stem the spread.Methods: During a period of 7 months, May-November 2015, 4 patients were infected/ colonized by E. meningoseptica. Infection control measures were re-emphasized after each case and environmental swabs were cultured to detect possible source. Follow up for 25 months to ensure eradication of the pathogen.Results: Four patients were colonized/ infected with E. meningoseptica, their mean age 22 months. The average time patients spent in ICU between admission and isolation of E. meningoseptica was 27.5±19.2 days. All patients were mechanically ventilated. 25% E. meningoseptica isolated from blood causing healthcare associated Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) while it was isolated from endotracheal tube (ETT) secretion in 75% as healthcare associated colonization. The 4 isolates confirmed as identical using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Conclusions: Intensive infection control measures including healthcare workers education, emphasizing hand hygiene, comprehensive cleaning and disinfection of equipment and the environment are important to eradicate the bacterium.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Awareness of Infection Control Measures, and the Role and Effect in Patient and Family Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Sahar Hammoud ◽  
Bassam Ghazi ◽  
Mohamad Nassredine ◽  
Mohamad Abou Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
High Level ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Respiratory Hygiene

Background: Healthcare Associated Infections are serious problems in healthcare sector that threatened patient safety since decades till present. The proper adherence to infection control measures is a major factor in reducing these infections. Objectives: The objectives of this study were, to assess the level of nurses’ awareness with infection control measures in Lebanon and to determine its role in implementing patient and family education. Methodology and Results: A quantitative study was done. Questionnaires were distributed over 260 nurses, and 260 patients and family members at four well known hospitals in Lebanon. The study showed a high level of infection control awareness (81.57 %) among Lebanese nurses, and showed that Lebanese hospitals are training their nurses on IC topics (99.1 % of nurses were trained). As for patients and family members’ education, the JCI accredited hospital showed the highest level of education on infection control measures (58.3 %). Conclusion and Recommendations: The study showed that nurses who had a high awareness in infection control educated more their patients and family members on these measures than nurses with low awareness. (64.1 % and 42.1 % when educating on respiratory hygiene, p=0.013, 86.2 % and 57.9 % when educating on usage of PPE, p=0.000, 89.2 % and 68.4 % when educating on the reason for isolation, p=0.001). The major recommendations were to enhance the culture that believes in the partnership between patients, their families and healthcare providers at the hospitals level, and to include a new standard in the Lebanese Accreditation Standards that requires educating patients and family members on infection control measures at the Ministry of Public Health level.

scholarly journals Nurses Practice Regarding Infection Control Measures during The Second Stage of Labor: A Multicenter Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Somia F. E. Fahmi ◽  
Zeinab A. A. Baraia ◽  
Inaam H. Abdelati
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Infection Control Practice ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: Infection prevention remains a significant public health challenge for healthcare systems, especially in maternity and delivery units. Good understanding and compliance of nurses with infection control measures during delivery are essential factors that improve maternal and neonatal outcomes and decrease morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses' practice regarding infection control measures during the second stage of labor in multiple centers. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study was adopted in this study. The study population included all nurses working in labor rooms of four hospitals (100 nurses), namely Suez Canal University Hospital, Zagazig University Hospital, Ismailia General Hospital, And Zagazig General Hospital. Data collection tool encompassed a structured interviewing questionnaire to assess nurses' general characteristics, physical and organizational barriers that prevent nurses from complying with infection control measures, infection control practice checklist to assess nurses` compliance with infection control measures during the second stage of labor. Results: The highest percentage of the studied nurses' age was between 19-<29 (56.6%, 63.8%). Near half were technical nurses (43.4%, 44.7%). The majority of the studied nurses had not had periodic checks. Also, most of them were vaccinated against viral hepatitis B (86.8%, 91.5%). There was a statistically significant difference between Ismalia and Zagazig hospitals in physical barriers. The highest mean percent for infection control practice was for perineal care 100%, using the invasive device during labor 92%, preparing birthing room and its equipment 75.9%. A satisfactory infection control practice was revealed among 88% of the studied nurses. The satisfactory practice of nurses was 100%, 92.1%, 86.9%, 44.1% in Zagazig General Hospital, Ismalia University Hospital, Zagazig University Hospital, Ismalia General Hospital, respectively. Conclusion: The result of the study concluded that most nurses' practice regarding infection control in the delivery room was satisfactory. The study recommended upgrading and qualifying nurses in the labor room to improve their practical skills in Obstetric Nursing.

scholarly journals Rapid implementation of real-time SARS-CoV-2 sequencing to investigate healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke W Meredith ◽  
William L Hamilton ◽  
Ben Warne ◽  
Charlotte J Houldcroft ◽  
Myra Hosmillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Epidemiological Link

Background The burden and impact of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections is unknown. We aimed to examine the utility of rapid sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 combined with detailed epidemiological analysis to investigate healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections and to inform infection control measures. Methods We set up rapid viral sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from PCR-positive diagnostic samples using nanopore sequencing, enabling sample-to-sequence in less than 24 hours. We established a rapid review and reporting system with integration of genomic and epidemiological data to investigate suspected cases of healthcare-associated COVID-19. Results Between 13 March and 24 April 2020 we collected clinical data and samples from 5191 COVID-19 patients in the East of England. We sequenced 1000 samples, producing 747 complete viral genomes. We conducted combined epidemiological and genomic analysis of 299 patients at our hospital and identified 26 genomic clusters involving 114 patients. 66 cases (57.9%) had a strong epidemiological link and 15 cases (13.2%) had a plausible epidemiological link. These results were fed back clinical, infection control and hospital management teams, resulting in infection control interventions and informing patient safety reporting. Conclusions We established real-time genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK hospital and demonstrated the benefit of combined genomic and epidemiological analysis for the investigation of healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections. This approach enabled us to detect cryptic transmission events and identify opportunities to target infection control interventions to reduce further healthcare-associated infections.

scholarly journals Impact of Changes in Infection Control Measures on the Dynamics of COVID-19 Infections in Schools and Pre-schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Sombetzki ◽  
Petra Lücker ◽  
Manja Ehmke ◽  
Sabrina Bock ◽  
Martina Littmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Index Cases

Introduction: With the increased emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, the impact on schools and preschools remains a matter of debate. To ensure that schools and preschools are kept open safely, the identification of factors influencing the extent of outbreaks is of importance.Aim: To monitor dynamics of COVID-19 infections in schools and preschools and identify factors influencing the extent of outbreaks.Methods: In this prospective observational study we analyzed routine surveillance data of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, from calendar week (CW) 32, 2020 to CW19, 2021 regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection events in schools and preschools considering changes in infection control measures over time. A multivariate linear regression model was fitted to evaluate factors influencing the number of students, teachers and staff tested positive following index cases in schools and preschools. Due to an existing multicollinearity in the common multivariate regression model between the variables “face mask obligation for children” and “face mask obligation for adults”, two further separate regression models were set up (Multivariate Model Adults and Multivariate Model Children).Results: We observed a significant increase in secondary cases in preschools in the first quarter of 2021 (CW8 to CW15, 2021), and simultaneously a decrease in secondary cases in schools. In multivariate regression analysis, the strongest predictor of the extent of the outbreaks was the teacher/ caregiver mask obligation (B = −1.9; 95% CI: −2.9 to −1.0; p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, adult index cases (adult only or child+adult combinations) increased the likelihood of secondary cases (B = 1.3; 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.8; p &lt; 0.001). The face mask obligation for children also showed a significant reduction in the number of secondary cases (B = −0.6; 95% CI: −0.9 to −0.2; p = 0.004.Conclusion: The present study indicates that outbreak events at schools and preschools are effectively contained by an obligation for adults and children to wear face masks.

scholarly journals Effect of camera monitoring and feedback along with training on hospital infection rate in a neonatal intensive care unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Karabay ◽  
Gulsum Kaya ◽  
Taner Hafizoglu ◽  
Oguz Karabay
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background In terms of pediatric healthcare-associated infections (HAI), neonatal intensive care units (NICU) constitute the greatest risk. Contacting a health care personnel, either directly or indirectly, elevates NICU occurrence rate and risks other infants in the same unit. In this study, it is aimed to retrospectively analyze the effect of the training along with camera monitoring and feedback (CMAF) to control the infection following a small outbreak. Methods ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected on three infants in May 2014 at the isolation room of Sakarya University Hospital NICU. Precautions were taken to prevent further spread of the infection. The infected infants were isolated and the decolonization process was initiated. For this aspect, health care workers (HCWs) in NICU were trained for infection control measures. An infection control committee has monitored the HCWs. Before monitoring, an approval was obtained from the hospital management and HCWs were informed about the CMAF, who were then periodically updated. On a weekly basis, NICU workers were provided with the feedbacks. Epidemic period and post-epidemic control period (June–July–August 2014) were evaluated and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) density was 9.59% before the onset of the CMAF, whereas it was detected as 2.24% during the CMAF period (p < 0.05). Following the precautions, HAI and HAI density rates have reduced to 76.6% and 74.85%, respectively. Moreover, hand hygiene compliance of health care workers was found 49.0% before the outbreak, whereas this rate has elevated to 62.7% after CMAF. Conclusions Healthcare workers should be monitored in order to increase their compliance for infection control measures. Here, we emphasized that that CMAF of health workers may contribute reducing the HAI rate in the NICU.

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