scholarly journals Kale Attenuates Inflammation and Modulates Gut Microbial Composition and Function in C57BL/6J Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Md Shahinozzaman ◽  
Samnhita Raychaudhuri ◽  
Si Fan ◽  
Diana N. Obanda
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetables ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Plant Polysaccharide ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Induced Changes

Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a vegetable common in most cultures but is less studied as a functional food compared to other cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli. We investigated the effect of supplementing a high-fat diet (HFD) with kale (HFKV) in C57BL/6J mice. We particularly explored its role in metabolic parameters, gut bacterial composition and diversity using 16S rRNA sequencing, systematically compared changes under each phylum and predicted the functional potential of the altered bacterial community using PICRUSt2. Like other cruciferous vegetables, kale attenuated HFD-induced inflammation. In addition, kale modulated HFD-induced changes in cecal microbiota composition. The HFD lowered bacterial diversity, increased the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and altered composition. Specifically, it lowered Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidia, Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae) but increased Firmicutes (mainly class Bacilli). Kale supplementation lowered the F/B ratio, increased both alpha and beta diversity and reduced class Bacilli and Erysipelotrichi but had no effect on Clostridia. Within Actinobacteria, HFKV particularly increased Coriobacteriales/Coriobacteriaceae about four-fold compared to the HFD (p < 0.05). Among Bacteroidia, HFKV increased the species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by over two-fold (p = 0.05) compared to the HFD. This species produces plant polysaccharide digesting enzymes. Compared to the HFD, kale supplementation enhanced several bacterial metabolic functions, including glycan degradation, thiamine metabolism and xenobiotic metabolism. Our findings provide evidence that kale is a functional food that modulates the microbiota and changes in inflammation phenotype.

scholarly journals Dietary short-chain fatty acid intake improves the hepatic metabolic condition via FFAR3

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Shimizu ◽  
Yuki Masujima ◽  
Chihiro Ushiroda ◽  
Rina Mizushima ◽  
Satsuki Taira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Obesity In Mice

Abstract Fermented foods represent a significant portion of human diets with several beneficial effects. Foods produced by bacterial fermentation are enriched in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are functional products of dietary fibers via gut microbial fermentation. In addition to energy sources, SCFAs also act as signaling molecules via G-protein coupled receptors such as FFAR2 and FFAR3. Hence, dietary SCFAs in fermented foods may have a direct influence on metabolic functions. However, the detailed mechanism by dietary SCFAs remains unclear. Here, we show that dietary SCFAs protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice in parallel with increased plasma SCFAs without changing cecal SCFA or gut microbial composition. Dietary SCFAs suppressed hepatic weight and lipid synthesis. These effects were abolished in FFAR3-deficient mice but not FFAR2-deficient. Thus, SCFAs supplementation improved hepatic metabolic functions via FFAR3 without influencing intestinal environment. These findings could help to promote the development of functional foods using SCFAs.

scholarly journals Gut metagenomics discriminates unique microbial signatures in diverse symptomatic profiles with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Haiting Sun ◽  
Yufen Huang ◽  
Anqi Yin ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Life Events

Abstract BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that can be divided into inattentive (I-ADHD), hyperactive-impulsive (HI-ADHD), and combined (C-ADHD) subtypes. Different early life events and environmental factors correlated with the gut microbiota community have been implicated in the development of ADHD. However, whether different ADHD symptomatic presentations are associated with distinct microbiota composition and function still unknown. Therefore, we carried out metagenomic analysis from 207 subjects to characterize the gut microbial profiles in ADHD and subgroup patients.ResultsThe current study revealed that the gut microbiota composition (beta diversity) can be effectively distinguished between C-ADHD patients and HCs, but not I-ADHD patients and HCs, nor general ADHD patients and HCs. Features include underrepresentation of 8 species belonging to the genus Bacteroides and enrichment of 5 species of Bifidobacterium and Prevotella in general ADHD patients (all p < 0.05). Eight of the above species became progressively reduced (ovatus, thetaiotaomicron, intestinalis, cellulosilyticus, and fluxus belonging to the genus Bacteroides) or enriched (Prevotella_copri, Prevotella_buccae and Bifidobacterium_breve) from healthy controls (HCs) to I-ADHD and C-ADHD patients. Predicted metabolic functions from these distinguished gut microbial markers described a certain compensatory host metabolism in ADHD and subgroup patients. Particularly, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (a dominant vitamin B6 active type) biosynthesis pathways were significantly reduced in C-ADHD patients, because serum vitamin B6 deficiency in ADHD patients was found previously. Of note, we identified diverse virulence factor and antibiotic resistance from the gut microbiota of ADHD patients. The abundance of antibiotic resistance ontology ANT(9)-Ia positively correlated with the abundance of Prevotella_amnii, which was enriched in ADHD patients. Moreover, species-based bacterial markers were used to construct classifiers and achieved a higher AUC of 0.87 in C-ADHD vs. HC than that in ADHD vs. HC (AUC = 0.84).ConclusionsThese findings uncover alterations in microbial composition in subgroup patients and provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis different symptomatic presentations for ADHD.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03447223. Registered 27 February 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03447223?term=03447223&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals Tailings microbial community profile and prediction of its functionality in basins of tungsten mine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Chung ◽  
Carina Coimbra ◽  
Pedro Farias ◽  
Romeu Francisco ◽  
Rita Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Processing Pathways ◽  
Tungsten Mine ◽  
Microbial Community Profile ◽  
And Function

AbstractIn a circular economy concept, where more than 300 million tons of mining and quarrying wastes are produced annually, those are valuable resources, supplying metals that are extracted today by other processes, if innovative methods and processes for efficient extraction of these elements are applied. This work aims to assess microbiological and chemical spatial distribution within two tailing basins from a tungsten mine, using a MiSeq approach targeting the 16S rRNA gene, to relate microbial composition and function with chemical variability, thus, providing information to enhance the efficiency of the exploitation of these secondary sources. The tailings sediments core microbiome comprised members of family Anaerolineacea and genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and Rothia, despite marked differences in tailings physicochemical properties. The higher contents of Al and K shaped the community of Basin 1, while As-S-Fe contents were correlated with the microbiome composition of Basin 2. The predicted metabolic functions of the microbiome were rich in genes related to metabolism pathways and environmental information processing pathways. An in-depth understanding of the tailings microbiome and its metabolic capabilities can provide a direction for the management of tailings disposal sites and maximize their potential as secondary resources.

scholarly journals Characterization of gut microbiome in mice model of depression with divergent response to escitalopram treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Duan ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Xunmin Tan ◽  
Tingjia Chai ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Different Response ◽  
And Function

AbstractDepression is a common and heterogeneous mental disorder. Although several antidepressants are available to treat the patients with depression, the factors which could affect and predict the treatment response remain unclear. Here, we characterize the longitudinal changes of microbial composition and function during escitalopram treatment in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice model of depression based on 16 S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics. Consequently, we found that escitalopram (ESC) administration serves to increase the alpha-diversity of the gut microbiome in ESC treatment group. The microbial signatures between responder (R) and non-responder (NR) groups were significantly different. The R group was mainly characterized by increased relative abundances of genus Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, and depleted families Ruminococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae relative to NR group. Moreover, we identified 15 serum metabolites responsible for discriminating R and NR group. Those differential metabolites were mainly involved in phospholipid metabolism. Significantly, the bacterial OTUs belonging to family Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, and Muribaculaceae formed strong co-occurring relationships with serum metabolites, indicating alternations of gut microbiome and metabolites as potential mediators in efficiency of ESC treatment. Together, our study demonstrated that the alterations of microbial compositions and metabolic functions might be relevant to the different response to ESC, which shed new light in uncovering the mechanisms of differences in efficacy of antidepressants.

scholarly journals Monitoring the variation in the gut microbiota of captive woolly monkeys related to changes in diet during a reintroduction process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Quiroga-González ◽  
Luis Alberto Chica Cardenas ◽  
Mónica Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Reyes ◽  
Camila González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Woolly Monkeys ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lagothrix Lagothricha

AbstractMicrobiome is known to play an important role in the health of organisms and different factors such as diet have been associated with modifications in microbial communities. Differences in the microbiota composition of wild and captive animals has been evaluated; however, variation during a reintroduction process in primates has never been reported. Our aim was to identify changes in the bacterial composition of three individuals of reintroduced woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagothricha) and the variables associated with such changes. Fecal samples were collected and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to determine gut microbial composition and functionality. Individual samples from released individuals showed a higher microbial diversity after being released compared to before liberation, associated with changes in their diet. Beta diversity and functionality analysis showed separation of samples from released and captive conditions and the major factor of variation was the moment of liberation. This study shows that intestinal microbiota varies depending on site conditions and is mainly associated with diet diversity. The intake of food from wild origin by released primates may promote a positive effect on gut microbiota, improving health, and potentially increasing success in reintroduction processes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Both Lipid Metabolism and Endocannabinoid Signaling Reveals a New Role for Hypothalamic Astrocytes in Maternal Caloric Restriction-Induced Perinatal Programming

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6292
Author(s):  
Rubén Tovar ◽  
Antonio Vargas ◽  
Jesús Aranda ◽  
Lourdes Sánchez-Salido ◽  
Laura González-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Nutritional Programming ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Induced Changes

Maternal malnutrition in critical periods of development increases the risk of developing short- and long-term diseases in the offspring. The alterations induced by this nutritional programming in the hypothalamus of the offspring are of special relevance due to its role in energy homeostasis, especially in the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in metabolic functions. Since astrocytes are essential for neuronal energy efficiency and are implicated in brain endocannabinoid signaling, here we have used a rat model to investigate whether a moderate caloric restriction (R) spanning from two weeks prior to the start of gestation to its end induced changes in offspring hypothalamic (a) ECS, (b) lipid metabolism (LM) and/or (c) hypothalamic astrocytes. Monitorization was performed by analyzing both the gene and protein expression of proteins involved in LM and ECS signaling. Offspring born from caloric-restricted mothers presented hypothalamic alterations in both the main enzymes involved in LM and endocannabinoids synthesis/degradation. Furthermore, most of these changes were similar to those observed in hypothalamic offspring astrocytes in culture. In conclusion, a maternal low caloric intake altered LM and ECS in both the hypothalamus and its astrocytes, pointing to these glial cells as responsible for a large part of the alterations seen in the total hypothalamus and suggesting a high degree of involvement of astrocytes in nutritional programming.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: An Updated Review

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Mariusz Sikora ◽  
Albert Stec ◽  
Magdalena Chrabaszcz ◽  
Aleksandra Knot ◽  
Anna Waskiel-Burnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity

(1) Background: A growing body of evidence highlights that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the development of psoriasis. The gut–skin axis is the novel concept of the interaction between skin diseases and microbiome through inflammatory mediators, metabolites and the intestinal barrier. The objective of this study was to synthesize current data on the gut microbial composition in psoriasis. (2) Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating intestinal microbiome in psoriasis, using the PRISMA checklist. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for relevant published articles (2000–2020). (3) Results: All of the 10 retrieved studies reported alterations in the gut microbiome in patients with psoriasis. Eight studies assessed alpha- and beta-diversity. Four of them reported a lack of change in alpha-diversity, but all confirmed significant changes in beta-diversity. At the phylum-level, at least two or more studies reported a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and higher Firmicutes in psoriasis patients versus healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: There is a significant association between alterations in gut microbial composition and psoriasis; however, there is high heterogeneity between studies. More unified methodological standards in large-scale studies are needed to understand microbiota’s contribution to psoriasis pathogenesis and its modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Complementary vasoactivity and matrix remodelling in arterial adaptations to altered flow and pressure

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (32) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Valentín ◽  
L Cardamone ◽  
S Baek ◽  
J.D Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Biomechanical Loading ◽  
Smooth Muscle Proliferation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Diverse Data ◽  
Induced Changes

Arteries exhibit a remarkable ability to adapt to sustained alterations in biomechanical loading, probably via mechanisms that are similarly involved in many arterial pathologies and responses to treatment. Of particular note, diverse data suggest that cell and matrix turnover within vasoaltered states enables arteries to adapt to sustained changes in blood flow and pressure. The goal herein is to show explicitly how altered smooth muscle contractility and matrix growth and remodelling work together to adapt the geometry, structure, stiffness and function of a representative basilar artery. Towards this end, we employ a continuum theory of constrained mixtures to model evolving changes in the wall, which depend on both wall shear stress-induced changes in vasoactive molecules (which alter smooth muscle proliferation and synthesis of matrix) and intramural stress-induced changes in growth factors (which alter cell and matrix turnover). Simulations show, for example, that such considerations help explain the different rates of experimentally observed adaptations to increased versus decreased flows as well as differences in rates of change in response to increased flows or pressures.

scholarly journals Exploring the microbiome in health and disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 239784731774188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Scotti ◽  
Stéphanie Boué ◽  
Giuseppe Lo Sasso ◽  
Filippo Zanetti ◽  
Vincenzo Belcastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Dynamics And Function ◽  
And Function

The analysis of human microbiome is an exciting and rapidly expanding field of research. In the past decade, the biological relevance of the microbiome for human health has become evident. Microbiome comprises a complex collection of microorganisms, with their genes and metabolites, colonizing different body niches. It is now well known that the microbiome interacts with its host, assisting in the bioconversion of nutrients and detoxification, supporting immunity, protecting against pathogenic microbes, and maintaining health. Remarkable new findings showed that our microbiome not only primarily affects the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract but also has a strong influence on general body health through its close interaction with the nervous system and the lung. Therefore, a perfect and sensitive balanced interaction of microbes with the host is required for a healthy body. In fact, growing evidence suggests that the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota can be influenced by many factors, including genetics, diet, age, and toxicological agents like cigarette smoke, environmental contaminants, and drugs. The disruption of this balance, that is called dysbiosis, is associated with a plethora of diseases, including metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontitis, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The importance of the host microbiome for the human health has also led to the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches focused on the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful roles. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate not only the role of microbiome in health conditions and the possible link with various types of diseases but also the influence of various toxicological factors on the microbial composition and function.

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