scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Durusdinium Associated with the Transition from Free-Living to Symbiotic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Ikuko Yuyama ◽  
Naoto Ugawa ◽  
Tetsuo Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Free Living ◽  
False Discovery Rates ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Photosynthesis Genes ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Student’S T Test

To detect the change during coral–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis establishment, we compared transcriptome data derived from free-living and symbiotic Durusdinium, a coral symbiont genus. We detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using two statistical methods (edgeR using raw read data and the Student’s t-test using bootstrap resampling read data) and detected 1214 DEGs between the symbiotic and free-living states, which we subjected to gene ontology (GO) analysis. Based on the representative GO terms and 50 DEGs with low false discovery rates, changes in Durusdinium during endosymbiosis were predicted. The expression of genes related to heat-shock proteins and microtubule-related proteins tended to decrease, and those of photosynthesis genes tended to increase. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of dapdiamide A (antibiotics) synthase, which was upregulated among the 50 DEGs, confirmed that two genera in the Symbiodiniaceae family, Durusdinium and Symbiodinium, retain dapdiamide A synthase. This antibiotic synthase-related gene may contribute to the high stress tolerance documented in Durusdinium species, and its increased expression during endosymbiosis suggests increased antibacterial activity within the symbiotic complex.

The dynamics of attached and free-living bacterial population in tropical coastal waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew Wen Lee ◽  
Choon Weng Lee ◽  
Chui Wei Bong ◽  
Kumaran Narayanan ◽  
Edmund Ui-Hang Sim
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Water Port ◽  
Eutrophic Water ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

We investigated the dynamics of attached and free-living bacterial abundance over a period of 18 months in tropical coastal waters of Malaysia. We measured the abundance at both oligotrophic coastal water (Port Dickson) and eutrophic estuary (Klang), and hypothesised that attached bacteria are predominant in eutrophic waters. We found that bacterial abundance was higher at Klang than Port Dickson (Student’s t-test: t=4.87, d.f.=19, P<0.001). Attached bacteria also formed a large fraction of the total bacteria at Klang (75% ±13s.d.) relative to Port Dickson (56% ±22), and showed preference for chlorophyll-a-based particles rather than total suspended solids. The bacterial community structure was clearly different between the two stations but was similar between the attached and free-living bacterial population. Our results showed the importance of attached bacteria in eutrophic water where they could play a major role in carbon and nutrient cycling.

scholarly journals Stress and depression among students of the last semester in two nursing courses

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (spe) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danila Perpétua Moreira ◽  
Antonia Regina Ferreira Furegato
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
College Of Nursing ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Nursing Courses ◽  
The University ◽  
Student’S T Test

OBJECTIVE: to identify the presence of stress and depression among final year students of two nursing courses, and the association between these variables. METHOD: an exploratory-descriptive study, undertaken with final-year students from the Bachelor's degree and Licenciate's degree courses at the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, of the University of São Paulo. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were applied. RESULTS: of the total of 88 participants in the study, 69.8% have no depression, 18.2% presented dysphoria, 6.8% moderate depression, and 5.7% severe depression, which is a low rate compared to the general population. Medium stress levels were the most frequent (76.9%). There was no significant statistical difference in the stress score between the two groups of students (Student's t-test: p=0.295>0.05). The data showed a relation between the stress and the presence of indicative signs of depression, especially severe depression (Pearson: r-0.755 and p<0.01). Discussion: The majority did not show signs of depression. The depressive states found among the students on the two courses accompanied proportionately those who obtained high stress scores, as recorded by other studies on this issue. CONCLUSION: Students with higher levels of stress are more prone to present depression, deserving educators' attention.

scholarly journals DNA methylation changes in infants between 6 and 52 weeks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Wikenius ◽  
Vibeke Moe ◽  
Lars Smith ◽  
Einar R. Heiervang ◽  
Anders Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
False Discovery Rates ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractInfants undergo extensive developments during their first year of life. Although the biological mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood, changes in the DNA methylation in mammals are believed to play a key role. This study was designed to investigate changes in infant DNA methylation that occurs between 6 and 52 weeks. A total of 214 infant saliva samples from 6 or 52 weeks were assessed using principal component analyses and t-distributed stochastic neighbor-embedding algorithms. Between the two time points, there were clear differences in DNA methylation. To further investigate these findings, paired two-sided student’s t-tests were performed. Differently methylated regions were defined as at least two consecutive probes that showed significant differences, with a q-value < 0.01 and a mean difference > 0.2. After correcting for false discovery rates, changes in the DNA methylation levels were found in 42 genes. Of these, 36 genes showed increased and six decreased DNA methylation. The overall DNA methylation changes indicated decreased gene expression. This was surprising because infants undergo such profound developments during their first year of life. The results were evaluated by taking into consideration the extensive development that occurs during pregnancy. During the first year of life, infants have an overall three-fold increase in weight, while the fetus develops from a single cell into a viable infant in 9 months, with an 875-million-fold increase in weight. It is possible that the findings represent a biological slowing mechanism in response to extensive fetal development. In conclusion, our study provides evidence of DNA methylation changes during the first year of life, representing a possible biological slowing mechanism. We encourage future studies of DNA methylation changes in infants to replicate the findings by using a repeated measures model and less stringent criteria to see if the same genes can be found, as well as investigating whether other genes are involved in development during this period.

Serosal and cutaneous recordings of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. G90-G98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Chen ◽  
B. D. Schirmer ◽  
R. W. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Gastric Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Gastric Slow Wave ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aims of this study were to 1) investigate gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis, 2) validate the cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) in tracking the frequency change of the gastric slow wave, and 3) investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded in 12 patients with documented gastroparesis using serosal electrodes for > 200 min in each subject. All recordings were made at least 4 days after surgery. Each session consisted of a 30-min recording in the fasting state and a 30-min recording after a test meal. The test meal (liquid or mixed) was selected according to patient's tolerance. Electrical stimulation was performed in three subjects via the serosal electrodes at a frequency of 3 cycles/min. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using serosal electrodes in each session. The serosal recording showed slow waves of 2.5 to 4.0 cycles/min in all 12 subjects. Absence of spikes was noted in 11 of the 12 subjects. The simultaneous serosal and cutaneous recording of gastric myoelectrical activity showed that the frequency of the EGG was exactly the same as that of the serosal recording. Liquid meals resulted in a significant decrease in slow-wave frequency (Student's t test, P = 0.006), and the EGG accurately reflected this change. Electrical stimulation had no effect on the frequency of the gastric slow wave and did not induce spikes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Effect of Changes in Dialysate Volume on Glucose and Urea Equilibration

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Kohaut ◽  
F. Bryson Waldo ◽  
Mark R. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Dialysate Volume ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objectives To determine the effect of changing dialysate volume on urea and glucoseequilibration curves and to determine, if dialysate volume is prescribed on the basis of body surface area, whether equilibration curves will be consistent in patients of different sizes and ages. Design A prospective study wherein children with acute or chronic renal failure had peritoneal equilibration studies done with dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, 40 mL/kg, and 1200 mL/m2. Patient Population Twenty-two children: 7 under 3 years of age; 8 between 3 and 10 years of age; 7 older than 10 years of age. Statistics Student's t-test. Results Urea and glucose equilibrated rapidly at dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, slower at dwell volumes of 40 mL/kg, and slowest at dwell volumes of 1200 mL/m2. Equilibration curves were similar in children of different ages when dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 were infused. Conclusion Dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 should be used when equilibration studies are being done to compare individuals of different ages and sizes.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of 2-Azaspiro [4,5] Decan-3-One (Impurity A) in Gabapentin Determination Method Using qNMR Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Nataliya E. Kuz’mina ◽  
Sergey V. Moiseev ◽  
Mikhail D. Khorolskiy ◽  
Anna I. Lutceva
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Student’S T Test

The authors developed a 1H qNMR test procedure for identification and quantification of impurity A present in gabapentin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and gabapentin products. The validation studies helped to determine the limit of quantitation and assess linearity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, specificity, and robustness of the procedure. Spike-and-recovery assays were used to calculate standard deviations, coefficients of variation, confidence intervals, bias, Fisher’s F test, and Student’s t-test for assay results. The obtained statistical values satisfy the acceptance criteria for the validation parameters. The authors compared the results of impurity A quantification in gabapentin APIs and capsules by using the 1H qNMR and HPLC test methods.

scholarly journals Potential intravenous drug incompatibilities in a pediatric unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Dalliane Batista Leal ◽  
Ramon Weyler Duarte Leopoldino ◽  
Rand Randall Martins ◽  
Lourena Mafra Veríssimo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate potential intravenous drug incompatibilities and related risk factors in a pediatric unit. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study conducted in the pediatric unit of a university hospital in Brazil. Data on prescriptions given to children aged 0-15 years from June to October 2014 were collected. Prescriptions that did not include intravenous drugs and prescriptions with incomplete dosage regimen or written in poor handwriting were excluded. Associations between variables and the risk of potential incompatibility were investigated using the Student’s t test and ANOVA; the level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). Relative risks were calculated for each drug involved in potential incompatibility with 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 222 children participated in the study; 132 (59.5%) children were male and 118 (53.2%) were aged between 0 and 2 years. The mean length of stay was 7.7±2.3 days. Dipyrone, penicillin G and ceftriaxona were the most commonly prescribed drugs. At least one potential incompatibility was detected in about 85% of children (1.2 incompatibility/patient ratio). Most incompatibilities detected fell into the non-tested (93.4%), precipitation (5.5%), turbidity (0.7%) or chemical decomposition (0.4%) categories. The number of drugs and prescription of diazepam, phenytoin, phenobarbital or metronidazole were risk factors for potential incompatibility. Conclusion Most pediatric prescriptions involved potential incompatibilities, with higher prevalence of non-tested incompatibilities. The number of drugs and prescription of diazepam, phenobarbital, phenytoin or metronidazole were risk factors for potential incompatibilities.

scholarly journals Indicators of Targeted Physical Fitness in Judo and Jujutsu—Preliminary Results of Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4347
Author(s):  
Wojciech J. Cynarski ◽  
Jan Słopecki ◽  
Bartosz Dziadek ◽  
Peter Böschen ◽  
Paweł Piepiora
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Student’S T Test

(1) Study aim: This is a comparative study for judo and jujutsu practitioners. It has an intrinsic value. The aim of this study was to showcase a comparison of practitioners of judo and a similar martial art jujutsu with regard to manual abilities. The study applied the measurement of simple reaction time in response to a visual stimulus and handgrip measurement. (2) Materials and Methods: The group comprising N = 69 black belts from Poland and Germany (including 30 from judo and 39 from jujutsu) applied two trials: “grasping of Ditrich rod” and dynamometric handgrip measurement. The analysis of the results involved the calculations of arithmetic means, standard deviations, and Pearson correlations. Analysis of the differences (Mann–Whitney U test) and Student’s t-test were also applied to establish statistical differences. (3) Results: In the test involving handgrip measurement, the subjects from Poland (both those practicing judo and jujutsu) gained better results compared to their German counterparts. In the test involving grasping of Ditrich rod, a positive correlation was demonstrated in the group of German judokas between the age and reaction time of the subjects (rxy = 0.66, p < 0.05), as well as in the group of jujutsu subjects between body weight and the reaction time (rxy = 0.49, p < 0.05). A significant and strong correlation between handgrip and weight was also established for the group of German judokas (rxy = 0.75, p < 0.05). In Polish competitors, the correlations were only established between the age and handgrip measurements (rxy = 0.49, p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Simple reaction times in response to visual stimulation were shorter in the subjects practicing the martial art jujutsu. However, the statement regarding the advantage of the judokas in terms of handgrip force was not confirmed by the results.

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