scholarly journals DNA methylation changes in infants between 6 and 52 weeks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Wikenius ◽  
Vibeke Moe ◽  
Lars Smith ◽  
Einar R. Heiervang ◽  
Anders Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
False Discovery Rates ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractInfants undergo extensive developments during their first year of life. Although the biological mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood, changes in the DNA methylation in mammals are believed to play a key role. This study was designed to investigate changes in infant DNA methylation that occurs between 6 and 52 weeks. A total of 214 infant saliva samples from 6 or 52 weeks were assessed using principal component analyses and t-distributed stochastic neighbor-embedding algorithms. Between the two time points, there were clear differences in DNA methylation. To further investigate these findings, paired two-sided student’s t-tests were performed. Differently methylated regions were defined as at least two consecutive probes that showed significant differences, with a q-value < 0.01 and a mean difference > 0.2. After correcting for false discovery rates, changes in the DNA methylation levels were found in 42 genes. Of these, 36 genes showed increased and six decreased DNA methylation. The overall DNA methylation changes indicated decreased gene expression. This was surprising because infants undergo such profound developments during their first year of life. The results were evaluated by taking into consideration the extensive development that occurs during pregnancy. During the first year of life, infants have an overall three-fold increase in weight, while the fetus develops from a single cell into a viable infant in 9 months, with an 875-million-fold increase in weight. It is possible that the findings represent a biological slowing mechanism in response to extensive fetal development. In conclusion, our study provides evidence of DNA methylation changes during the first year of life, representing a possible biological slowing mechanism. We encourage future studies of DNA methylation changes in infants to replicate the findings by using a repeated measures model and less stringent criteria to see if the same genes can be found, as well as investigating whether other genes are involved in development during this period.

scholarly journals Associations of early social experience with offspring DNA methylation and later life stress phenotype

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M. Laubach ◽  
Julia R. Greenberg ◽  
Julie W. Turner ◽  
Tracy Montgomery ◽  
Malit O. Pioon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Later Life ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽  
Spotted Hyenas ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Early Social Experience

ABSTRACTIn a wild population of spotted hyenas, we tested the hypothesis that maternal care during the first year of life and social connectedness during two periods of early development lead to differences in DNA methylation and fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) later in life. We found that although maternal care and social connectedness during the communal den dependent period were not associated with fGCMs, greater social connectedness after hyenas leave their communal den is associated with lower adult fGCMs. Additionally, more maternal care and social connectedness after leaving the communal den corresponded with higher global (%CCGG) DNA methylation. Finally, we identified multiple DNA methylation biomarkers near genes involved in inflammation that may link maternal care and stress phenotype. Our findings suggest that both maternal care during the first year of life and social connections after leaving the den influence DNA methylation and contribute to a developmentally plastic stress response.

scholarly journals Dynamic Changes in DNA Methylation Occur during the First Year of Life in Preterm Infants

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinthika Piyasena ◽  
Jessy Cartier ◽  
Nadine Provençal ◽  
Tobias Wiechmann ◽  
Batbayar Khulan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Peripheral Nerves of the Dog. II. A Morphologic and Morphometric Study of Cross-Sectional Nerve

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Braund ◽  
J. A. McGuire ◽  
C. E. Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Large Fiber ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Qualitative histologic studies and quantitative measurements were made on cross-sectional preparations of common peroneal and ulnar nerves of 32 neuromuscular disease-free dogs from birth to 15 years of age, to provide normative data not available previously. Minimal lesions were seen in nerves of dogs from birth to seven years; however, in older dogs, the incidence of axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination and remyelination increased. Total fiber density of both nerves was over 40,000 fibers/mm2 at birth and declined rapidly during the first six to nine months to level off at about 10,000 fibers/mm2 by one year of age. Density of small (< 5 μm) and large (≥ 5 μm) diameter fibers attained adult values by one year of age. The frequency distribution of the myelinated fibers was unimodal at birth and became bimodal between three and six months of age. The peaks of the small and large fiber groups occurred at 3 μm and 6 μm, respectively. Larger diameter fibers (10 μm to 12 μm) reached adult values between nine months and one year of age. A 2.5 fold increase in mean fiber diameter occurred during the first year of life. There was no statistically significant change in any histometric parameter after maturity (approximately one year of age).

Parathyroid hormone-ionized calcium dynamics over the first year of life

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul K. Sharma ◽  
Sina Gallo ◽  
Catherine A. Vanstone ◽  
Sherry Agellon ◽  
Mary L’Abbé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
First Year ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Ancillary Study ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractIonized calcium (iCa) is believed to be the principle determinant of parathyroid hormone concentration (PTH). However, previous studies contained few infants.This ancillary study from our vitamin DNo significant correlations were observed between iCa and PTH at individual visits (p>0.2). After accounting for repeated measures, PTH decreased with increasing iCa (slope –5.25; 95% confidence intervals (CI) –8.78 to –1.73), decreased with increasing 25(OH)D (slope –0.006; 95% CI –0.009 to –0.002, and increased with later visits (6–12 months, p<0.001),We observed a weak negative relationship between iCa and PTH and an increase with age consistent with physiologic maturation.

Urinary Tract Infections and the Uncircumcised State: An Update

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Wiswell ◽  
Wayne E. Hachey
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Army Hospitals ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

In a two-part study of the circumcision status of boys with urinary tract infections (UTIs), we reviewed the occurrence of UTIs in 209,399 infants born in US Army hospitals worldwide from 1985 to 1990. During the first year of life, 1,046 (0.5%: 550 girls and 496 boys) were hospitalized for UTIs. Noncircumcised male infants had a 10-fold greater incidence of infection than did circumcised male infants. The frequency rate of circumcision rose significantly, from 70.3% to 80.2%, during the study period. Among uncircumcised boys younger than 3 months with UTIs, 23% had concomitant bacteremia involving the same organism. The second part of the study consisted of a meta-analysis of all nine previous reports on the circumcision status of boys with UTIs. These studies revealed a fivefold to 89-fold increased risk of infection in uncircumcised boys; the combined data yielded a 12-fold increase in UTIs in this population. Parents should be told of the lower risk of UTIs for circumcised boys during informed-consent counseling.

First-Year Mortality among Infants with Facial Clefts

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe P. Hujoel ◽  
Anne-Marie Bollen ◽  
Beth A. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Death Certificate ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
First Year ◽  
Facial Cleft ◽  
Facial Clefts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Year Of Life

Children born with a facial cleft are not thought to be at a greater risk for infant mortality than are those without congenital anomalies. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a facial cleft alone or its coexistence with other anomalies increases a child's risk for dying. Birth and death certificate data from Washington State for the years 1984 to 1988 were linked for infants who died before 1 year of age. Mortality rates for different types of facial clefts and for births without noted abnormalities were compared. Relative to infants with no diagnosed abnormalities noted in the birth certificate, infants with facial clefts without other abnormalities have a 3.7 fold increased odds for dying during their first year of life. This elevated risk for dying was fairly consistent during the first year of life. When facial clefts are associated with other abnormalities there is an 82.3 fold increase in odds for mortality during the first year of life. This elevated risk is highest during the neonatal period; 77% of all deaths occurred during the first 27 days. It is concluded that infants with facial clefts with or without associated anomalies have a significantly increased mortality risk when compared to infants without any diagnosed abnormalities at birth.

scholarly journals Impact of maternal dietary counseling in the first year of life on DNA methylation in a cohort of children

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Kehl de Castilhos ◽  
Paula Dal Bó Campagnolo ◽  
Silvana de Almeida ◽  
Márcia Regina Vitolo ◽  
Vanessa Suñé Mattevi
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Dynamic Changes in DNA Methylation Occur during the First Year of Life in Preterm Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinthika Piyasena ◽  
Jessy Cartier ◽  
Nadine Provencal ◽  
Tobias Wiechmann ◽  
Batbayar Khulan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Durusdinium Associated with the Transition from Free-Living to Symbiotic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1560
Author(s):  
Ikuko Yuyama ◽  
Naoto Ugawa ◽  
Tetsuo Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Free Living ◽  
False Discovery Rates ◽  
False Discovery ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Photosynthesis Genes ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Student’S T Test

To detect the change during coral–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis establishment, we compared transcriptome data derived from free-living and symbiotic Durusdinium, a coral symbiont genus. We detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using two statistical methods (edgeR using raw read data and the Student’s t-test using bootstrap resampling read data) and detected 1214 DEGs between the symbiotic and free-living states, which we subjected to gene ontology (GO) analysis. Based on the representative GO terms and 50 DEGs with low false discovery rates, changes in Durusdinium during endosymbiosis were predicted. The expression of genes related to heat-shock proteins and microtubule-related proteins tended to decrease, and those of photosynthesis genes tended to increase. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis of dapdiamide A (antibiotics) synthase, which was upregulated among the 50 DEGs, confirmed that two genera in the Symbiodiniaceae family, Durusdinium and Symbiodinium, retain dapdiamide A synthase. This antibiotic synthase-related gene may contribute to the high stress tolerance documented in Durusdinium species, and its increased expression during endosymbiosis suggests increased antibacterial activity within the symbiotic complex.

Circumcision

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-304
Author(s):  
ROBERT S. THOMPSON ◽  
DIANE C. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Army Hospitals ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

To the Editor.— Wiswell et al,1 in 1985, and Wiswell and Roscelli,2 in 1986, report three retrospective cohort studies (Tripler, Brooke, and all Army hospitals) in which the association of circumcision status (circumcised v noncircumcised) and subsequent hospitalizations for urinary tract infection in the first year of life is evaluated. Cases appear to have been determined from examination of available hospital discharge data and the diagnosis confirmed by suprapubic bladder tap or catheterization. The authors report a ten- to 20-fold increase in hospitalized urinary tract infections among noncircumcised boys in the first year of life.

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