scholarly journals Manganese Nodules in Chile, an Alternative for the Production of Co and Mn in the Future—A Review

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Toro ◽  
Ricardo I. Jeldres ◽  
Javier A. Órdenes ◽  
Pedro Robles ◽  
Alessandro Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future

Given the active growth of emerging technology industries, it has become essential to have large quantities of critical metals to meet the current demand. In the Chilean mining industry, there is a depletion of high-grade mineral ores, and there is hence a need to increase production levels in the copper industry and diversify its market by extracting other elements. One of the strategies is to foster the production of lithium batteries, but the manufacture requires reserves of cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn). Currently, Co reserves are not being exploited in Chile, and Mn production is almost negligible. This is due to the apparent shortage of high-grade ores on the land surface of the country. Given this scenario, the seabed manganese nodules are presented as a good alternative due to their high average grades of Co and Mn, which in turn would allow the growth of strategic value-added industries including lithium battery production. Chile’s current environmental regulations prevent the exploitation of marine resources. However, given technological advances worldwide, both in collection mechanisms and extractive processes, in addition to the needs generated from the future strategic plans, leads us to think about a project to exploit manganese nodules locally.

scholarly journals Leaching Manganese Nodules in an Acid Medium and Room Temperature Comparing the Use of Different Fe Reducing Agents

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Torres ◽  
Luís Ayala ◽  
Manuel Saldaña ◽  
Manuel Cánovas ◽  
Ricardo I. Jeldres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Independent Variables

The deposits of Fe-Mn, in the seabed of the planet, are a good alternative source for the extraction of elements of interest. Among these are marine nodules, which have approximately 24% manganese and may be a solution to the shortage of high-grade ores on the surface. In this investigation, an ANOVA analysis was performed to evaluate the time independent variables and MnO2/reducing agent in the leaching of manganese nodules with the use of different Fe reducing agents (FeS2, Fe2+, Fe0 and Fe2O3). Tests were also carried out for the different reducing agents evaluating the MnO2/Fe ratio, in which the Fe0 (FeC) proved to be the best reducing agent for the dissolution of Mn from marine nodules, achieving solutions of 97% in 20 min. In addition, it was discovered that at low MnO2/Fe ratios the acid concentration in the system is not very relevant and the potential and pH were in ranges of −0.4–1.4 V and −2–0.1 favoring the dissolution of Mn from MnO2.

scholarly journals State of Mining Education in Africa: A Case of Zambia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Webby Banda ◽  
Bunda Besa
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Technology Talent ◽  
The University

The mineral industry needs a steady supply of skilled professionals entering the workforce, it must be recognized that as mineral development becomes more complex and technical the training of mineral industry professionals should be adjusted to reflect this. The mineral industry has undergone several changes in terms of technological advances, it is further envisioned that the future mine will rely on a highly skilled skeleton labour force with the ability to perform several tasks through automated and remote-controlled operations and monitoring. This paper assesses Zambia’s mining education to uncover whether the current state of mining education curricula is in a position to address the need of the future mining industry. This assessment was done based on four key areas of the future mine. These key areas have been identified as operating practices and technology, talent and leadership, partnership with key stakeholders, and governance. A comparative analysis with three mining Universities in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region was undertaken. From the assessment, mining education in Zambia’s two largest mining Universities, namely, the University of Zambia (UNZA) and Copperbelt University (CBU) needs to be refined to fully address the future needs of the mining industry.

Catholicism and Cosmopolitanism: the Confluence of Three Catholic Scholars and the Cosmopolitan Democrats on State Sovereignty and the Future of Global Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Matthew Bagot
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Jacques Maritain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cosmopolitan Democracy ◽  
Catholic Tradition

One of the central questions in international relations today is how we should conceive of state sovereignty. The notion of sovereignty—’supreme authority within a territory’, as Daniel Philpott defines it—emerged after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 as a result of which the late medieval crisis of pluralism was settled. But recent changes in the international order, such as technological advances that have spurred globalization and the emerging norm of the Responsibility to Protect, have cast the notion of sovereignty into an unclear light. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the current debate regarding sovereignty by exploring two schools of thought on the matter: first, three Catholic scholars from the past century—Luigi Sturzo, Jacques Maritain, and John Courtney Murray, S.J.—taken as representative of Catholic tradition; second, a number of contemporary political theorists of cosmopolitan democracy. The paper argues that there is a confluence between the Catholic thinkers and the cosmopolitan democrats regarding their understanding of state sovereignty and that, taken together, the two schools have much to contribute not only to our current understanding of sovereignty, but also to the future of global governance.

scholarly journals The Function Design for the Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) System: How to Solve the Problems in the Underground Mine Rail Transportation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Haoxuan Yu ◽  
Shuai Li
Keyword(s):  
Mining Industry ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Transportation Equipment ◽  
Train Control ◽  
Function Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Underground Transportation

With the continuous development of the mining industry, the world’s major mines have gradually entered the intelligent stage. In intelligent underground mines, the operation roads of the underground transportation equipment are very complicated, and the monitoring and control of the underground traffic have become the problems to be solved in the intelligent underground mines. Therefore, on the basis of solving the practical problems of underground mines, the concept paper discusses the possibility of the communication-based train control (CBTC) system being applied to underground mines through the summary and induction of the related literature. As mining engineers, we have proposed the function design for the CBTC system to solve the problems in underground mine rail transportation, but we still need to continue to work hard for the future development of the underground mines. The concept paper serves as a guide to the Tossing out a brick to get a jade gem, and it has implications for the development and the future of underground mine transportation.

Ante las metas 230 del convenio de biodiversidad. ¿Es la gobernanza de las áreas protegidas una alternativa a la gobernanza política tradicional?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Martín
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
International Level ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Traditional Governance

Decisions on the future conformation of the planet and its biosphere will soon have to be made. About 30% of the globe under different categories will be declared a protected area by 2030. Such determination on international level, perhaps unique in its kind due to its territorial scope, will lead to the re-conformation and resignification of enormous spaces. For a century and a half, protected areas have been changing their purposes; it is now necessary to review their governance and the effectiveness of their management, which should not replicate that of unprotected territories. High social and environmental expectations will fall on marginal public institutions within their governments. Many of them dream that these territories will provide alternative models to those offered by traditional governance, projecting non-environmental political utopias and adding complexity. The objective of this work is to evaluate the challenge and lay out criteria to confront it. To this end, demands and feasibility in the case of Argentina are analyzed through two scenarios, estimating the necessary resources and pointing out possible criteria. It is concluded that many priorities must be reformulated in the country and the world to meet a new territoriality since the environmental governance is a good alternative, which is as much in crisis as the traditional one.

Health and societal implications of medical and technological advances

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (463) ◽  
pp. eaau4778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Dzau ◽  
Celynne A. Balatbat
Keyword(s):  
Societal Implications ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future

Scientific and technological breakthroughs are transforming the future of medicine and health, but they inevitably carry risks and have societal implications that need to be addressed proactively.

scholarly journals Single-particle cryo-EM—How did it get here and where will it go

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 361 (6405) ◽  
pp. 876-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Biology ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Electron Cryotomography

Cryo–electron microscopy, or simply cryo-EM, refers mainly to three very different yet closely related techniques: electron crystallography, single-particle cryo-EM, and electron cryotomography. In the past few years, single-particle cryo-EM in particular has triggered a revolution in structural biology and has become a newly dominant discipline. This Review examines the fascinating story of its start and evolution over the past 40-plus years, delves into how and why the recent technological advances have been so groundbreaking, and briefly considers where the technique may be headed in the future.

scholarly journals The research on COVID-19 and economy from 2019 to 2020: analysis from the perspective of bibliometrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-268
Author(s):  
Nana Liu ◽  
Zeshui Xu ◽  
Marinko Skare
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Citation Networks ◽  
The Future ◽  
Meaningful Research

Research background: The outbreak and spread of COVID-19 brought disastrous influences to the development of human society, especially the development of economy. Purpose of the article: Considering that knowing about the situations of the existing studies about COVID-19 and economy is not only helpful to understand the research progress and the connections between COVID-19 and economy, but also provides effective suggestions for fighting against COVID-19 and protecting economy, this paper analyzes the existing studies on COVID-19 and economy from the perspective of bibliometrics. Methods: Firstly, the discussion starts from the statistical analysis, in which the basic distributions of the studies on different countries/regions, different publication sources, different publication years, etc., are presented. Then, the paper shows the cooperation situations of the researchers from analyzing the related citation networks, co-citation networks and cooperation networks. Further, the theme analysis of the related studies is presented, in which the related co-occurrence networks are shown, and then the detailed analyses of the studies are introduced. Based on these analyses, the discussions about future research are presented, and finally we draw a conclusion. Findings & value added: The analyses not only present the basic situation on the research about COVID-19 and Economy, but also show the future research trends, which can provide meaningful research expectations.

scholarly journals Prizes Signal Scientific Revolutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Jin ◽  
Yifang Ma ◽  
Brian Uzzi
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Prize Money ◽  
Scientific Revolutions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Star Scientists ◽  
Quality Of Research

Abstract Scientific revolutions affect funding, investments, and technological advances, yet predicting their onset and projected size and impact remains a puzzle. We investigated a possible signal predicting a topic’s revolutionary growth – its association with a scientific prize. Our analysis used original data on nearly all recognized prizes associated with 11,539 scientific topics awarded between 1960 and 2017 to examine the link between prizes and a topic’s unexpected growth in productivity, impact, and talent. Using difference-in-differences regressions and counterfactuals of matched prizewinning and non-prizewinning topics, we found that in the year following the receipt of a prize, a topic experiences an onset of extraordinary growth in impact and talent that continues into the future. At between five to 10 years after the prize year, prizewinning topics are 38% more productive and 31% more impactful in citations, retain 53% more incumbents, and gain 35% more new entrants and 46% more star scientists than their non-prizewinning peer topics. While prizewinning topics grow unexpectedly fast in talent and impact, funding does not drive growth; rather, growth is positively associated with the recency of work on the topic, discipline-specific rather than general awards, and prize money. These findings advance understanding of scientific revolutions and identify variations in prize characteristics that predict the timing and size of a topic’s revolutionary growth. We discuss the implications of these findings on how funding agencies and universities make investments and scientists commit time and resources to one topic versus another, as well as on the quality of research.

scholarly journals The Future of Law Reviews and Legal Journals From a Student Editor's Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Internet Law ◽  
Academic Resources

 Law reviews and legal journals have been part of the legal academic world for more than a century. [1] These legal publications are unique because they are completely run by students. However, over the last few decades, law reviews and legal journals have been highly criticized, and some critics even predict their demise. [2] If law reviews and legal journals expect to survive and remain valuable academic resources, then certain changes need to be made, and these changes are the responsibility of the student editors. Although some legal publications are making changes for the better, such as publishing online, more can be done to improve these student-run publications. By taking advantage of technological advances, especially the Internet, law reviews and legal journals can reduce the time it takes to publish an issue. In addition, these technological advances allow legal publications to offer many new features and services for both the authors and the readers. However, updating a publication with these new technological advances can be expensive. Thus, law reviews and legal journals need to generate more income from other sources than just subscriptions.

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