Recovery of Some Critical Raw Materials from Processing Waste of Feldspar Ore Related to Hydrothermally Altered Granite: Laboratory-Scale Beneficiation

Feldspar for ceramic/glass industries requires sufficiently low content of harmful colourants (Fe-, Ti-, Mn-bearing mineral phases). Hydrothermally altered albite-rich granites are increasingly used as feldspar raw material nowadays; however, they are often marked by increased content of colourants, which must be removed during the processing of feldspar ore. Parallel to the content of colourants, these phases show enrichment in some critical raw materials (CRMs), specifically of Nb, Ta, and Li. In the current study, the laboratory trials focused on the possibility of reprocessing of waste generated during basic magnetic separation of feldspar ore. Major aim of these trials was to search for a processing scheme that would allow for obtaining of mineralogically homogeneous fractions, part of which could be utilised as a source of CRMs. According to the results, combination of gravity, magnetic and heavy liquid separation is highly effective in obtaining of desirable concentrates. Feldspar ore processing waste thus presents potential source of CRMs; however, semi-industrial and full-scale trial must follow in order to prove the economic and environmental suitability of the suggested processing scheme.

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WEEE collection and CRM recovery trials: piloting a holistic approach for Scotland

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002643 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 712-718

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Scale Up ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Social Enterprises ◽

Raw Material ◽

Household Waste ◽

Sustainable Supply Chain ◽

Gold Silver ◽

Critical Raw Materials

Re-Tek UK and its partners, Enscape Consulting and the University of West of Scotland commenced trials for the collection and recovery of critical raw materials from waste electrical and electronic (WEEE) products in July 2016. Sponsored by the EU LIFE funded project ‘Critical Raw Material Closed Loop Recovery’ coordinated by WRAP with EARN, ERP UK Ltd, KTN Ltd and Wuppertal Institute as beneficiaries. The trials are aimed at boosting the recovery of critical raw materials (CRMs) from household waste electrical and electronic products (WEEE) and Information Communications Technology (ICT) in particular, after functioning equipment is separated out for re-use. The new collection models provided residents with the opportunity to drop-off unwanted electrical and electronic appliances at a time and place that suits them, through a collaborative approach which encourages local authorities, educational establishments, businesses, and Social Enterprises, etc to act as hub sites. Hubs were designed to minimize product damage and encourage drop-off, rather than hoarding. Extraction methods developed after the collection phase of the trial looked at the opportunity to recover cobalt, gold and silver from ICT products, with the potential to inform how a more sustainable supply chain could be developed in Scotland. The elements studied were selected to demonstrate financial opportunity (gold/silver) and a strategic priority material (cobalt) for long term supply. These are based on bioleaching and electrochemical recovery using novel carbon based electrode systems, and chemical processing methods using extraction techniques with an assessment of pilot performance and scale up challenges. Our report is on the state of progress towards practical solutions to WEEE and CRM recovery.

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The Potential for REE and Associated Critical Metals in Karstic Bauxites and Bauxite Residue of Montenegro

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11090975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 975

Author(s):

Slobodan Radusinović ◽

Argyrios Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Bauxite Residue ◽

Raw Material ◽

Late Triassic ◽

Critical Metals ◽

Critical Elements ◽

Secondary Raw Material ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

First Time ◽

Critical Raw Materials

Research for critical raw materials is of special interest, due to their increasing demand, opulence of applications and shortage of supply. Bauxites, or bauxite residue after alumina extraction can be sources of critical raw materials (CRMs) due to their content of rare earth elements and other critical elements. Montenegrin bauxites and bauxite residue (red mud) are investigated for their mineralogy and geochemistry. The study of the CRM’s potential of the Montenegrin bauxite residue after the application of Bayer process, is performed for the first time. Montenegrin bauxites, (Jurassic bauxites from the Vojnik-Maganik and Prekornica ore regions from the Early Jurassic, Middle Jurassic-Oxfordian and Late Triassic paleorelief) are promising for their REE’s content (around 1000 ppm of ΣREE’s). More specifically, they are especially enriched in LREEs compared to HREEs. Regarding other CRMs and other elements, Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Sr and Ga could also be promising. In bauxite residue, the contents of Zr, Sr, V, Sc, La, Ce, Y, Ti and Nb are higher than those in bauxites. However, raw bauxites and bauxite residue as a secondary raw material can be considered as possible sources of CRMs.

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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF INVOLVING ORE PROCESSING WASTE FROM THE TYRNYAUZ DEPOSIT INTO INDUSTRIAL OPERATION

News of the Tula state university. Sciences of Earth ◽

10.46689/2218-5194-2021-4-1-86-96 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 86-96

Author(s):

M.V. Rylnikova ◽

◽

M.V. Tsupkina ◽

R.K. Dzhappuev ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Ecological Impact ◽

Processing Waste ◽

Industrial Operation ◽

Ore Processing ◽

The World ◽

Industrial Use ◽

Technogenic Raw Materials ◽

Tailings Dumps

The problem of involving stale ore processing waste from the Tyrnyauz deposit into industrial operation is considered. The world experience of involving technogenic mineral formations in industrial exploitation is summarized, and the main directions of industrial use of technogenic raw materials are determined. The possible ecological impact of tailings dumps located in high-altitude areas on the ecology of the mining region is considered. The data on the formation, operation and composition of the tailings dumps of the Tyrnyauz Tung-sten-Molybdenum Combine (TVMK) are summarized. The problems are formulated and the prospects for the liquidation of tailings dumps by involving man-made raw materials in indus-trial operation are justified.

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Legacy deposits: can a small-scale mining paradigm contribute to the re-processing mining wastes to supply critical raw materials?

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4027 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jérôme Bodin ◽

Guillaume Bertrand ◽

Patrick D'Hugues

Keyword(s):

Social Acceptance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Feasibility Studies ◽

Raw Material ◽

Small Scale ◽

Mining Wastes ◽

Critical Metals ◽

Preliminary Information ◽

Mineral Wastes ◽

Critical Raw Materials

In line with the perspective of the Raw Material Initiative launched in 2008 by the European Commission to ensure access to and supply of critical raw materials in Europe, the H2020-funded IMPaCT project (Grant no. 730411) aims to develop a Switch-On Switch-Off (SO-SO) concept as an emergence of a new modern small-scale mining paradigm. Its ultimate goal is to increase the viability of many critical metals hosted in small primary deposits, particularly in Europe, by developing a modularized mobile plant (MMP) concept that can economically operate different type of ores in different types of geological and geographical contexts.In addition, the project addresses the prospect of applying the SO-SO concept and the small-scale mining paradigm with regard to the reprocessing of mineral wastes in Europe. A dataset of legacy deposits of interest for the SO-SO concept was drawn from the ProMine Anthropogenic Concentration (AC) database (built during the European FP7 ProMine project) used as the data source and by applying a sequential-rating as a methodology to rank records and to highlight potential targets.Apart from national mining wastes registries, the ProMine AC database remains so far the most exhaustive and reliable attempt at a consolidated pan-European database regarding mining wastes. Despite data shortcoming in the ProMine AC database, this study proposes potential targets of mineral wastes for the SO-SO concept in Europe and provides with preliminary information on location, type of waste, commodities content, tonnage and their potential.To put into perspective the application of the SO-SO concept and the small-scale mining paradigm in regards with mineral wastes reprocessing, this study also proposes generic flowsheets to address specific potential targets identified among the records from the ProMine AC database and based on the preliminary information available. However, the relevancy and completeness of these information still require a case-by-case assessment. As a result, this methodology falls into a scoping approach that could be applied ahead of (pre)feasibility studies.Combining the re-exploitation of a primary ore deposit along with the reprocessing of its wastes inherited from previous mining and ore processing activities is of great interest in seeking social acceptance. Eventually, in such perspective, a cross survey of the potential of both primary deposits, using the ProMine Mineral Deposits (MD) database, and secondary deposits, using the ProMine AC database, therefore appears as a relevant scoping strategy ahead of implementing small-scale mining.

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Exploration of fertilizer industry wastes as potential source of critical raw materials

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.083 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 497-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C.R. Cánovas ◽

R. Pérez-López ◽

F. Macías ◽

S. Chapron ◽

J.M. Nieto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Fertilizer Industry ◽

Potential Source ◽

Critical Raw Materials

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The Economics of Coking Coal Mining: A Fossil Fuel Still Needed for Steel Production

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14227682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7682

Author(s):

Adam Duda ◽

Gregorio Fidalgo Valverde

Keyword(s):

Coal Mining ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Steel Production ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Raw Material ◽

The European Union ◽

Coking Coal ◽

Technological Readiness ◽

Mining Project ◽

Critical Raw Materials

Coking coal has been on the European list of critical raw materials since 2014 due to its high economic importance and high supply risk. In 2017, coking coal narrowly missed passing the threshold of economic importance. However, out of caution, it remained on the list of critical raw materials, as the steel industry still needs it. It is likely to be phased out of the list below when it does not fully meet the required criteria. As there are no significant alternatives for this energy intensive industry and neither electrification nor material or energy efficiency improvements are yet available at a sufficient level of technological readiness, the European Union remains dependent on coking coal imports. Therefore, any coking coal mining project in Europe is of great importance and an important alternative to solving the problems of providing this raw material. In this study, the Dębieńsko coking coal project in Poland is analyzed using a scientifically proven methodology based on world-class analysis of coking coal projects submitted for financing to financial institutions.

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Critical raw materials as a part of sustainable development

Multidiszciplináris Tudományok ◽

10.35925/j.multi.2021.5.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 12-23

Author(s):

Michal Cehlár ◽

Zuzana Šimková

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

The European Union ◽

European Area ◽

Material Sources ◽

Committee Of The Regions ◽

Critical Raw Materials

The presented article deals with the issue of critical raw materials in the European Union with an emphasis on sustainable development and also barite, as an only one critical raw material mined in Slovakia. The article points out in detail the deposits of individual critical raw materials within the European Union. They clearly profile the European area´s dependence on imports of critical raw materials in accordance with the Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the European Union's list of critical raw materials. Based on a defined Herfindahl-Hirschman index, which is clearly methodologically described, the article also points to the exploitation of critical raw materials in the European Union, what is in consideration of sustainable development crucial because some inventions are fundamentally dependent on them, as is their production on world markets. This article deals with critical raw materials in the EU, because it is in this area that we would like to experience the 4th industrial revolution, which is characterized by "new products" with a short life cycle, products with the least possible impact on the environment, i.e. innovations that are often impossible without important raw materials. Is it at all possible to talk about sustainable development with such raw material sources in European Union?

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Resources of quartz raw materials, Gargan block, East Sayan quartzite-bearing area

Georesursy ◽

10.18599/grs.2021.4.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 96-106

Author(s):

Alexander Fedorov ◽

Valentina Makrygina ◽

Anatoly Mazukabzov ◽

Alexander Nepomnyashchikh ◽

Dulmazhap Ayurzhanaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Purity ◽

Crystalline Silicon ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Optical Glass ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Raw Material ◽

Rock Properties ◽

Potential Source ◽

Carbonate Sequence ◽

Major Factors

The evaluation (according to structural and geochemical rock properties ) of the quartzites from the East Sayan quartzite-bearing area as a potential source of quartz raw material for crystalline silicon and optical glass manufacturing can significantly expand the forecast resources of this type of raw materials. The geological structure of the Irkut Formation, productive of high-purity quartzites is specified within the Oka-Urik, Urengenur and Urdagargan quartz-bearing areas; geological, mineralogical-petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the main quartzite types are given, the main morphological features of productive high-purity quartzite bodies are specified to predict their occurrence at depth. The major factors in the formation of high-purity quartzite bodies include: 1) quartzites are accumulated in the siliceous-carbonate sequence of the Middle Riphean Irkut Formation within a broad but isolated basin; 2) high-purity quartzite bodies are produced as a result of dynamic recrystallization due to the deformation of primary microquartzites resulting from the collision of the Dunzhugar island arc with the Gargan microcontinent margin. Within the western part of the East-Sayan quartz-bearing area, quartzite reserves as a potential source for silicon metallurgy and production of optical glass were estimated as 134 mln tons.

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Features of Phasea Mineralogical Conversions when Burning Wall Ceramics on the Basis of Secondary Materials for Processing Coal Deposits of Eastern Donbass

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.974.67 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 974 ◽

pp. 67-74

Author(s):

Kh.S. Yavruyan ◽

E.S. Gaishun ◽

V.D. Kotlyar ◽

A.S. Okhotnaya

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Firing Temperature ◽

High Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Structural Ceramics ◽

Ceramic Tiles ◽

Mineral Phases ◽

Coal Deposits ◽

Secondary Materials

The paper presents the results of the studies on the phase conversions taking place during the firing of the refuse piles processing sieve residue in the Eastern Donbass, which are the promising raw materials for the production of various types of structural ceramics – common, lining and clinker bricks, high-performance ceramic stones, ceramic tiles and siding. It is established that the sieve residue is the raw material of the low-temperature baking. Depending on the degree of grinding, the raw material may belong to the group of mid-baking or high-baking raw materials. The sieve residues have a rather narrow baking interval - no more than 50 °C, which is possible to expand by increasing the content of fine fractions during the preparation of sieve residue. The main mineral phases at the firing temperature of 1000-1100 оС are quartz, feldspar, ferrous silicates and aluminum silicates (fayalite, hypersten, etc.), hematite. The features of the phase and mineralogical conversions allow us to recommend to fire products on the basis of sieve residue at temperatures of 1000 °C and higher.

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