Features of Phasea Mineralogical Conversions when Burning Wall Ceramics on the Basis of Secondary Materials for Processing Coal Deposits of Eastern Donbass

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Kh.S. Yavruyan ◽  
E.S. Gaishun ◽  
V.D. Kotlyar ◽  
A.S. Okhotnaya
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Structural Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Secondary Materials

The paper presents the results of the studies on the phase conversions taking place during the firing of the refuse piles processing sieve residue in the Eastern Donbass, which are the promising raw materials for the production of various types of structural ceramics – common, lining and clinker bricks, high-performance ceramic stones, ceramic tiles and siding. It is established that the sieve residue is the raw material of the low-temperature baking. Depending on the degree of grinding, the raw material may belong to the group of mid-baking or high-baking raw materials. The sieve residues have a rather narrow baking interval - no more than 50 °C, which is possible to expand by increasing the content of fine fractions during the preparation of sieve residue. The main mineral phases at the firing temperature of 1000-1100 оС are quartz, feldspar, ferrous silicates and aluminum silicates (fayalite, hypersten, etc.), hematite. The features of the phase and mineralogical conversions allow us to recommend to fire products on the basis of sieve residue at temperatures of 1000 °C and higher.

scholarly journals Chemical and mineralogical characterization of portuguese ceramic tiles in the historic center of São Luís do Maranhão (Brazil): an approximation of the mineralogy and firing temperature of the raw materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Rivas Mercury ◽  
Domingos de Jesus Costa Pereira ◽  
Nazaré do Socorro Lemos Silva Vasconcelos ◽  
Aluísio Alves Cabral Jr. ◽  
Romulo Simões Angélica
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Materials Used

This work involved the first-ever characterization of antique Portuguese ceramic wall tiles in the Historic Center of São Luis do Maranhão, Brazil. The tiles were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis to identify the possible raw materials used in the fabrication process, as well as the firing temperature of these materials. The results indicate that the microstructure of these materials consists of pores of varying sizes with calcite incrustations and quartz grain sizes smaller than 500 µm distributed in a pinkish yellow matrix, which were identified by XRD as calcite, gehlenite, wollastonite, quartz, and amorphous mineral phases. Based on this information, it can be inferred that the original raw materials probably consisted of a mixture of kaolinitic clays (Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O) rich in calcium carbonates and quartz, or mixtures of kaolinitic clays, quartz and calcite, which did not reach the pre-firing temperature of 950ºC.

Preliminary Evaluation of Mukah Clay Deposits

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazman Seli ◽  
Japri Bujang ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Structural Ceramics ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Floor Tiles

Mukah clay deposits are characterized and evaluated for their potential as industrial raw materials through chemical, mineralogical and fired body (900 to 1250o C) physical properties determinations. Results show that the main oxides in the samples are SiO2 and Al2O3, whereas the other oxides present only in small quantity. Kaolinite and quartz present as dominant mineral phases and the minor phases of muscovite, nacrite, illite also appeared in the samples. From the results of the fired properties, the significant development of densification of ceramic behaviour can be noticed at the firing temperature above 1000°C. Mukah clay demonstrated that it is most suitable to be used as raw materials for making pottery, general refractory, structural ceramics, wall and floor tiles.

Analysis of Microstructure of Steel-Slag Ceramic Tiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1690-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hua Zhao ◽  
Pu Liu ◽  
Xian Bin Ai ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
Hao Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Low Temperature Sintering ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Metallurgy Industry

The utilization of steel slag as resource is very important in the circle economy of metallurgy industry. Because the composition of steel slag is similar to that of the raw materials of ceramic industry, the sintering process of ceramics with steel slag as one of the raw materials was studied, and the ceramic products of high performance were abstained. Based on the study above, the microstructure of slag ceramic and its effect on the performance of ceramic were studied combining the analysis methods of SEM, DTA and XRD and the software FactSage. It’s found that the diopside phase was formed in the sintering process, which has significant effects on low temperature sintering and ceramic strength improving. Simulation by software FactSage showed that the diopside phase appears when the content of the steel-slag reaches 25%, while the content of slag is higher there are more diopside phase generation.

scholarly journals Determination of pesticide residues by chromatographic methods for food safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Tereshchenko ◽  
◽  
O. Yu. Kursenko ◽  
O. I. Khyzhan ◽  
O. I. Khyzhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Variable Component ◽  
Selective Solvents

The paper presents the methodology of preparation of samples of oilseeds, lettuce, apples for research by chromatographic control of xenobiotics of the following chemical groups of pesticides: benzimidazole derivatives, anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives. The implementation of the following processes is considered: homogenization of the sample, purification of the extract by solid-phase or liquid-liquid extraction, obtaining a plant extract, obtaining an extract of analytes. For fine-grained homogenized samples of sunflower seeds, the optimal ratio of raw material -extragent is 1:20, for pasty homogenized samples of apple fruit - 1:10, for liquid samples of homogenized lettuce - 1: 5. Analysis of the distribution of xenobiotics in the system octane/water, the dipole moment of solvents allowed to determine the extractants that are able to dissolve and remove xenobiotics from raw materials. It was found that a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol (4: 1) should be used to remove benzimidazole derivatives and anilinopyrimidine derivatives, bipyridylium derivatives are best extracted with methanolic trifluoroacetic acid (9.5: 0.5). Quantitative analysis of xenobiotics content in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched with xenobiotics was performed. The most complete xenobiotics were removed from samples of plant products containing traces of fat. The most difficult process of sample preparation is the process of obtaining sunflower seed extract. The content of xenobiotics in extracts obtained from samples artificially enriched in analytes is influenced by the temperature at which the process takes place and the duration of extraction. Based on the chemical composition of the sample matrix and the list of analytes, the conditions of the variable component of the methodology are proposed: obtaining plant extract under the action of selective solvents, homogenized raw material-solvent with constant stirring of the extraction system at 180-200 rpm, or under the action of ultrasonic vibrations with a frequency of 37 kHz from 4°C to 25°C for 5-25 minutes. The control of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the studied plant extracts and analyte extracts was investigated by the methods of high-performance liquid and gas chromatography (liquid and gas) with mass-selective detectors.

scholarly journals High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Fingerprint for Quality Control of Terminalia arjuna Containing Ayurvedic churna Formulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohan S Chitlange ◽  
Prajakta S Kulkarni ◽  
Dada Patil ◽  
Bhushan Patwardhan ◽  
Rabindra K Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
Quality Control Tool ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract Because Ayurvedic herbal preparations contain a myriad of compounds in complex matrixes, it is difficult to establish quality control standards for raw materials and to standardize finished Ayurvedic drugs. A novel, accurate, and valid fingerprint method was developed using HPLC for quality control of a traditional Ayurvedic Arjuna churna formulation, which is used as a cardiotonic drug. Comprehensive comparison of chromatograms of standardized formulation of Arjuna churna and marketed formulations revealed eight characteristic peaks in chromatograms, which unambiguously confirmed the presence of authentic raw material used in the formulation on the basis of their retention time values and UV data. An HPLC fingerprint was also developed for total sapogenins present in Terminalia arjuna. The six common peaks observed in chromatograms of isolated sapogenins, standardized formulations, and marketed formulations can serve as a quality control tool for qualitative estimation of total saponin glycosides present in an Arjuna churna formulation.

Effect of High Temperature Process on Microstructure and Properties of Industrial Steel Slag Cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Ming Han Xu ◽  
Rui Hua Wang ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Ai Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Actual Performance

The construction industry continues to develop and the requirements for cement performance are getting higher and higher. At the same time, in the steel industry, the discharge of steel slag is also increasing. The effective reuse of steel slag has become a prominent problem in the steel industry. . Therefore, it is envisaged to use steel slag as a raw material for the cement production process to produce cement and to produce high-performance cement. The main raw materials of this experiment are steel slag, limestone, sandstone and shale. Through the cement preparation process, the cement is made, and then the cement is made into concrete to test its performance. This experiment mainly studies the sintering temperature and holding time variable. In the experimental test, the analysis and comparison were carried out in five aspects of the degree of macroscopic cracking, particle size, density, microstructure and composition. In the comparison experiment of sintering temperature, with the increase of temperature, the flexural and compressive properties of cement gradually increased. In this test, 1200 °C is the most suitable temperature for the performance of the cement. Through the experimental comparison of different holding time, it is known that with the prolonging of the holding time, the microstructure and actual performance of the cement are continuously enhanced. Comprehensive consideration: the ratio of steel slag in cement ratio is 10%, sintering temperature is 1200 °C, and heat preservation is 2h. The steel slag cement prepared under this condition has the strongest performance.

scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CRITERIA OF INDUSTRIAL VALUE OF COAL DEPOSITS WITH INSIGNIFICANT RESERVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
M. Kurylo ◽  
V. Bala
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of this study is to analyze and systematize criteria by which, in domestic and international practice, the industrial value of coal deposits with small and insignificant reserves is determined. The analysis and systematization of such factors in general for all coal deposits with the definite definition of the most influential characteristics for small stocks are carried out. Mining and geological factors, which are caused by natural characteristics of the deposit and directly related to the concrete object, are determined, and there have been singled out factors concerning the minerals in general or characterizing the external conditions of industrial development of deposits. For coal deposits with insignificant reserves, the criteria that directly affect the most critical parameter - the value of coal reserves and, consequently, the lifetime of the mining enterprise have paramount importance. Such criteria are the quality of coal, which defines the direction of use and its liquidity, the degree of geological study, which expresses the geological risks of reserves confirmation, and the complexity of mining technical conditions that define methods and systems for the reserves disclosure and development. In general, external factors for coal deposits are most affected by the availability of raw material substitutes and market conditions, and coal prices. For deposits with insignificant reserves, prices and possibility of mining, which involves availability of licenses and social permits, may have a greater impact. Industrial significance of deposit with insignificant reserves may appear favorable of all other conditions of development - mining and technical conditions that form low cost of production, coal quality, favorable market conditions for mineral raw materials, localization of the deposit near consumers, etc. At the same time, the main prerequisite for attracting objects with insignificant reserves to exploitation should be their high degree of geological study. Decision about possible industrial significance should be taken after detailed technical and economic calculations.

scholarly journals Properties of Foamed Lightweight High-Performance Phosphogypsum-Based Ternary System Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Jelizaveta Zorica ◽  
Diana Bajare
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
And Performance

The potential of phosphogypsum (PG) as secondary raw material in construction industry is high if compared to other raw materials from the point of view of availability, total energy consumption, and CO2 emissions created during material processing. This work investigates a green hydraulic ternary system binder based on waste phosphogypsum (PG) for the development of sustainable high-performance construction materials. Moreover, a simple, reproducible, and low-cost manufacture is followed by reaching PG utilization up to 50 wt.% of the binder. Commercial gypsum plaster was used for comparison. High-performance binder was obtained and on a basis of it foamed lightweight material was developed. Low water-binder ratio mixture compositions were prepared. Binder paste, mortar, and foamed binder were used for sample preparation. Chemical, mineralogical composition and performance of the binder were evaluated. Results indicate that the used waste may be successfully employed to produce high-performance binder pastes and even mortars with a compression strength up to 90 MPa. With the use of foaming agent, lightweight (370–700 kg/m3) foam concrete was produced with a thermal conductivity from 0.086 to 0.153 W/mK. Water tightness (softening coefficient) of such foamed material was 0.5–0.64. Proposed approach represents a viable solution to reduce the environmental footprint associated with waste disposal.

scholarly journals Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds in Echinacea spp. Raw Materials and Finished Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection: Single-Laboratory Validation Matrix Extension

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1400-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula N Brown ◽  
Michael Chan ◽  
Lori Paley ◽  
Joseph M Betz
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cichoric Acid ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
American Consumer ◽  
Single Laboratory

Abstract A method previously validated to determine caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, cynarin, echinacoside, and cichoric acid in echinacea raw materials has been successfully applied to dry extract and liquid tincture products in response to North American consumer needs. Single-laboratory validation was used to assess the repeatability, accuracy, selectivity, LOD, LOQ, analyte stability (ruggedness), and linearity of the method, with emphasis on finished products. Repeatability precision for each phenolic compound was between 1.04 and 5.65% RSD, with HorRat values between 0.30 and 1.39 for raw and dry extract finished products. HorRat values for tinctures were between 0.09 and 1.10. Accuracy of the method was determined through spike recovery studies. Recovery of each compound from raw material negative control (ginseng) was between 90 and 114%, while recovery from the finished product negative control (maltodextrin and magnesium stearate) was between 97 and 103%. A study was conducted to determine if cichoric acid, a major phenolic component of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and E. angustifolia DC, degrades during sample preparation (extraction) and HPLC analysis. No significant degradation was observed over an extended testing period using the validated method.

Research on the Technical Conditions on Synthesizing Calcium Zirconate Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 1765-1770
Author(s):  
Jie Gang You ◽  
Guo Dong Zhang ◽  
Dian Li Qu
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Calcium Zirconate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Zirconia Powder ◽  
Impurity Composition ◽  
Synthetic Rate ◽  
Moulding Pressure ◽  
Transmission Quality

The synthesizing CaZrO3are prepared with fused zirconia powder (0.044mm), monoatomic zirconia powder (0.044mm), desilication zirconia powder (0.044mm) and calcium oxide powder (0.044mm). The effect of different moulding pressure and firing temperature on synthesizing CaZrO3has been studied in this paper. The test results show that: The impurity composition SiO2and Al2O3in raw material have participated in reaction, and generated liquid, accelerated transmission quality speed of reaction. Desilication ZrO2is the best ZrO2raw material to synthesizing CaZrO3in above three ZrO2raw materials, firing temperature markedly influence the synthetic rate of CaZrO3, but moulding pressure is not this. Desilication ZrO2and CaO as raw material, firing 1600°C for 3h, pressure at 160Mpa and one stage burning process are the best technical conditions to synthesize CaZrO3.

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