scholarly journals Mineralogical Study of Levels with Magnesian Clay Minerals in the Santos Basin, Aptian Pre-Salt Brazil

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Maurício Dias da Silva ◽  
Márcia Elisa Boscato Gomes ◽  
André Sampaio Mexias ◽  
Manuel Pozo ◽  
Susan Martins Drago ◽  
...  

The object of this study is magnesian clay minerals present in carbonate rocks of the post-rift phase of the pre-salt in the Santos Basin. These rocks developed in an Aptian-age alkaline lacustrine environment. This study summarizes the formation of clay minerals associated with different lithotypes in a range of 19 m and a depth of more than 5100 m. They were characterized from petrographic analysis by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (total sample and clay fraction), and modeling by Newmod®; and examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. An approach based on identifying lithotypes and characterization of microsites allowed us to understand the occurrence of different clay minerals. Kerolite was the most abundant mineral in the sampled range. It occurs in lamellar aggregates under greater preservation of the original rock lamination and in association with spherulites and shrubs. The Stv/Ker mixed layers occurs in the same association, and formed finer unlaminated aggregates associated with the more intense dolomitization and silicification processes. Saponite occurs associated with detrital minerals forming clayey levels intercalated with microcrystalline carbonates. Fluids with a high Mg/Si and pH < 9 favor the precipitation of kerolite. The increase in pH during diagenesis may be responsible for the formation of Stv/Ker mixed layers.

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Isis Armstrong Dias ◽  
Leonardo Fadel Cury ◽  
Bruno Guimarães Titon ◽  
Gustavo Barbosa Athayde ◽  
Guilherme Fedalto ◽  
...  

Mg clay minerals are usually associated with carbonates in alkaline-saline environments, precipitated from solution and/or transformation from other minerals. The aim of this research is to identify the mineralogy and geochemistry of clay minerals in different alkaline lakes in the Nhecolândia region, the southernmost region of the Pantanal wetland (Brazil). Sediment samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Water samples were analyzed, determining their main cations and anions, in order to understand their relationship with the clays. The analyses allowed classifying the water bodies as saline, oligosaline and freshwater lakes. The sediments are composed mainly of quartz and a fine-clay fraction, dominated by illite, kaolinite and smectite. The XRD results showed illite and smectite mixed-layered in the saline lakes at Barranco Alto farm, whereas at Nhumirim farm, trioctahedral smectite was only observed in one lake. The smectite minerals were normally identified coupled with calcite at the top of the sequences, associated with exopolymeric substances (EPS) in the lakes, suggesting that these minerals are precipitating due to the physical-chemical and biological conditions of the water bodies.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2144-2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Valério Prandel ◽  
Nívea Maria Piccolomini Dias ◽  
Sérgio da Costa Saab ◽  
André Maurício Brinatti ◽  
Neyde Fabíola Balarezo Giarola ◽  
...  

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE

The clay fraction from various horizons of two Podzols sampled in the Appalachian Highlands was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and by a quantitative mineralogical procedure. Different cation saturation and heat treatments made it possible to detect differences in the mineralogical properties of the clays of the Ae horizon, but did not cause appreciable differences in the spectra of B and C horizon samples. In the Ae horizon, the clays were shown to have properties of both vermiculites and smectites. The paragonite-like structure induced by Na-saturation and moderate heat treatment is characteristic of minerals in the early stages of weathering from dioctahedral illites.


Clay Minerals ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Righi ◽  
M. L. Räisänen ◽  
F. Gillot

AbstractTransformations of clay minerals were studied in a sequence of podzols (Entic Cryorthods) of increasing age (5500-10000 years BP) developed from till materials in central Finland. The age of the soils was estimated according to altitude above the present sea level, with reference to the age of ancient shorelines and the rate of land uplift. Clay minerals in fine (<0.1 µm), coarse (0.1-2 µm) clay and fine silt (2-5 µm) fractions were studied by X-ray diffraction. The layer charge of expandable minerals was estimated on the basis of their re-expansion with ethylene glycol following K-saturation and heating to 110°C Pedogenic transformations of clay minerals occur essentially in the E horizons of the podzols. Smectites and illite-smectite mixed-layers are the dominant clay minerals in the E horizons of soils older than 6500 years. The number of mixed-layers decreases with evolution of the soil, leaving a nearly pure smectite phase in the oldest soil (10000 years). The smectites are dioctahedral with a tetrahedral charge. Groups of low-charge and highcharge interlayers are both present in the samples, but low-charge smectite layers were found only in the two older soils (9500-10000 years). This suggests alteration with time of the high-charge smectites.


2021 ◽  
pp. 4791-4801
Author(s):  
Ali Ismail Al-Juboury ◽  
Noor Talal Al-Taee ◽  
Zaid A. Malak

     A mineralogical study using X-ray diffraction supported by scanning electron microscopic examination on the Paleocene- Eocene Kolosh and Gercus formations from northern Iraq is conducted to show the distribution of clay minerals and their paleoenvironmental implications. Smectite palygorskite, kaolinite, illite, and chlorite are commonly present in varying proportions within the Kolosh and Gercus formations. Association of smectite and chlorite in the claystone of the Paleocene Kolosh Formation refers to marine environment of this formation, whereas development of palygorskite fibers from smectite precursor may relate to post-depositional diagenesis. In addition, the abundance of illite and kaolinite in the Eocene Gercus Formation suggests a greater influence of terrigenous input in humid conditions, affecting the distribution of these clay minerals. The study shows vertical change in clay minerals distribution when illite and kaolinite dominate in the Eocene Gercus Formation, in comparison to chlorite and smectite abundance in the Paleocene Kolosh Formation which may relate to global warming in the Eocene.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Melanya Sisti de Paiva ◽  
Gislaine Amorés Battilani ◽  
Rubia Ribeiro Viana ◽  
Maurício José dos Reis

ResumoA Bacia dos Parecis é uma das maiores bacias intracratônicas brasileiras e poucos são os estudos relacionados à sua gênese. A Formação Pimenta Bueno, objeto desse estudo, é constituída, da base para o topo, de calcários, folhelhos, siltitos e arenitos. O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo estimar o provável estágio diagenético/metamórfico em que essas rochas foram submetidas, por meio do estudo de difratogramas de raios-X da fração argila e dos parâmetros do Índice de Kübler (Índice de Cristalinidade da Ilita). Os resultados indicam que essas rochas encontram-se na Epizona e, a média das medidas da largura a meia altura (FWHM) é de 0,16°. A análise de difratometria de raios – X indicou a presença de clorita, ilita, pirofilita, caulinita e esmectita (montmorilonita). Além das espécies bem definidas, identificou-se, também, argilominerais interestratificados de ilita/esmectita e clorita/esmectita.Palavras Chave: Cristalinidade da ilita; Bacia dos Parecis; Formação Pimenta Bueno.AbstractINDEX CRYSTALLINITY OF ILLITE AND CHARACTERIZATION CLAY MINERALS OF PIMENTA BUENO FORMATION – PARECIS BASIN. The Parecis basin is one of the largest Brazilian intracratonic basins and few are the studies related to its genesis. Pimenta Bueno Formation, object of this study, is represented, from bottom to top, by limestones, shales, siltstones and sandstones. To achieve the objectives of this study, knowing the diagenetic stage and / or metamórphic degree to which were subjected the Parecis Basin rocks, were developed diffraction studies of X-ray of the clay fraction, followed by the calculation of the Kübler Index parameters (crystallinity of iIlita). The results indicated that these rocks are at the Epizone and the average width measured at half height (FWHM) is 0.16 °. The X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of the chlorite, illite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite and smectite (montmorillonite). Likewise were identified interstratified phases of Illite/ smectite and chlorite / smectite.Keywords: Crystallinity of Ilita; Parecis Basin; Pimenta Bueno Formation.


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABMS Islam ◽  
MS Hussain

Top soils of four different series viz Jaonia (Typic Haplaquept), Halti (Typic Haplaquept), Taras (Aeric Haplaquept) and Digli (Typic Haplaquept) developed on Atrai river alluvium were studied to investigate the clay mineralogical composition. X-ray diffraction technique was employed to identify and quantify the minerals. The XRD patterns were obtained with Ni-filter Cu kα - radiation at a scanning speed of 2º2θ min and the amount of minerals was estimated by XRD peak intensities at parallel powder mount. Mica was the dominant clay mineral (33 - 51%) in all soils, followed by quartz (13 -19%). The kaolinite contents were small (8 - 10%) over the soils. The occurrence of vermiculite in the Digli and Taras soils (9 and 7% respectively) indicates a considerable transformation of mica. There is very little or no smectite minerals in the soils which might be due to poor parent material and disappearance of smectite from the top soils. Appreciable amount of primary minerals like quartz and feldspars have also been observed in the clay fraction of the soils. Keywords: Clay minerals; Chalan beel; X-ray diffraction DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4819 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 253-260, 2008


Clay Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
Hicham Nasri ◽  
Ali Azdimousa ◽  
Kamal El Hammouti ◽  
Abdelilah El Haddar ◽  
Meriam El Ouahabi

ABSTRACTThe Neogene marls from the lower Kert area (northeast Morocco) were characterized to evaluate their suitability for the ceramics industry. Two cross-sections involving all of the Neogene facies were studied on both banks of the Kert River. Grey and green marls occurring between sandstone and tuffs were characterized by mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) and physicochemical (grain size, Atterberg limits, X-ray fluorescence and specific surface area) analyses. The Neogene clays studied are mainly calcareous silty marls containing 13–20 wt.% calcite. They consist of quartz, calcite, feldspars, dolomite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite and 10–14 Å illite-vermiculite mixed layers. Cristobalite was detected only in the uppermost level of the green marls, and it originates from a volcanic ash of Messinian age. Trace amounts of siderite and rhodochrosite indicate reducing or locally oxidizing conditions during sedimentation or shortly thereafter. The marls have medium to high plasticity, making them optimal for extrusion. Raw Neogene marls are suitable for manufacturing structural clay products. More specific uses, such as hollow products, roofing tiles and masonry bricks, were supported by the geochemical results and grain-size distribution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1787
Author(s):  
Rafaela Teixeira Paula ◽  
Geraldo César Rocha

Materiais saprolíticos constituem importantes seções no recorte vertical da paisagem. São materiais ainda pouco conhecidos e demandam maior dedicação. Para caracterização destes materiais pode-se fazer uso de técnicas mineralogia e micromorfologia como a difração de Raios-X (DRX) e o Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV). O DRX é uma técnica de caracterização de estruturas cristalinas. O MEV é um tipo de microscópio capaz de produzir imagens de alta resolução da superfície de materiais sólidos. O objetivo é caracterizar amostras de materiais intemperizados de diferentes rochas. Foram selecionados cinco perfis de intemperismo  em Juiz de Fora - MG. Os parâmetros utilizados para a análise física e mineralógica foram os seguintes: cor, textura, consistência, rocha de origem e grau de alteração, mineralogia e micromorfologia. A cor é variável entre e intra amostras, é dependente dos minerais constituintes e do grau de alteração. A textura está ligada aos minerais constituintes e seus tamanhos, que são dependentes de seus graus de alteração. A consistência é dependente da resistência dos minerais constituintes e da alteração. As rochas de origem são o quartzito ou o gnaisse. Os principais minerais encontrados foram quartzo, biotita, muscovita e caulinita. Quanto maior a porcentagem de argila, menor a consistência e maior o grau de alteração. A presença de minerais mais resistentes tende a dificultar a pedogênese, resultando em perfis mais arenosos, com poucos minerais de argila e sem atividade biológica. Nos perfis em que predomina o quartzo, apesar da presença desse mineral, o grau de alteração é elevado. Physical and Mineralogical Characterization of Weathering Materials in the Urban Area of Juiz de Fora - MG through Macroscopic Analysis, X-Ray Diffractometer and Scanning Electron Microscope ABSTRACTSaprolitic materials are important sections in the vertical cutout of the landscape. These materials are still little known and demand greater dedication. To characterize these materials, we can use mineral and micromorphological techniques such as X-ray diffraction, a technique for characterizing crystalline structures and the Scanning Electron Microscope, a type of microscope capable of producing high-resolution images of the surface of solid materials. The objective is to characterize weathered colors of different stones. Five weathering profiles were selected in Juiz de Fora - MG. The parameters used for physical and mineralogical analysis were as follows: color, texture, consistency, original rock and degree of change, mineralogy and micromorphology. The color is variable, depends on the constituent minerals and the degree of change. The texture is linked to the constituent minerals and their sizes, which depend on their degree of change. The consistency is dependent on the strength of the constituent minerals and the degree of change. The original rocks are quartzite and gneiss. The main minerals found were quartz, biotite, muscovite and kaolinite. The higher the clay percentage, the lower the consistency and the greater the degree of change. The presence of more resistant mineralsmakes pedogenesis difficult, resulting in more sandy profiles, with few clay minerals and without biological activity. In profiles that predominate quartz, despite the presence of this mineral, the degree of change is high.Keywords: Mineralogy; Micromorphology; Weathering material.


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