scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Sapropel of Lakes in Suburban Territories of Vilnius (Lithuania): Reflections of Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Anthropogenic Influence

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Gytautas Ignatavičius ◽  
Jonas Satkūnas ◽  
Alma Grigienė ◽  
Irena Nedveckytė ◽  
Howlader Rahidul Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
The Impact

Geochemical and lithological parameters of sapropel in lakes, combined with pollen data and radiocarbon 14C dating, contain a wide spectrum of environmental information. This includes records of fluctuations of water level and changes of conditions of sedimentation, accumulation of organic matter and chemical elements due to climate change, human impacts and other environmental changes. Rising concentrations of hazardous substances in the natural sediments are likely to be a high risk to the natural environment. At the same time, they can greatly reduce opportunities for environmental engineering of lakes. Four lakes with different trophic states and anthropogenic pressures were chosen for this study in Lithuania. Higher concentrations of elements like Cr, Cu and Zn were not only detected in the top most layers of sapropel but also in deeper layers and are attributed to lithogenic association of trace elements in such deep layers. Concentrations of Pb were detected only in upper layers of sapropel which indicates the impact of anthropogenic activity. The main source of heavy metals was multidimensional anthropogenic pollution leading to a biogenic–anthropogenic association of elements. Sapropel with low concentrations of heavy metals exhibits a different inter-association matrix because most of the elements tend to form lithogenic–clastogenic associations.

scholarly journals Geochemical composition of sapropel in lakes: reflections of paleoenvironmental conditions and anthropogenic influence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Satkūnas ◽  
Vaidotas Valskys ◽  
Gytautas Ignatavičius ◽  
Alma Grigienė
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Geochemical and lithological parameters of sapropel in lakes, combined with pollen data and radiocarbon 14C datings, contain a wide spectrum of environmental information. This includes records of fluctuations of water level and changes of conditions of sedimentation, accumulation of organic matter and chemical elements due to climate change, human impacts and other environmental changes. Four lakes with different trophic states and anthropogenic pressures were chosen for this study in Lithuania. Lake Balsys has a mesotrophic state while Lakes Didžiulis, Salotė and Gineitiškės have eutrophic states. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to analyse concentrations of chemical elements, loss-on-ignition to determine organic, mineral and carbonate matter, pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating were applied for determination of paleoenvironmental conditions and age of sediments. Results of this study demonstrated rather different chemical compositions of sapropels in these lakes. Human impacts are evident in the upper layers of sapropel in all lakes, however very specific and complex geochemical composition was determined in deeper layers of sapropel in the different lakes. Higher concentrations of elements like Cr and Zn are expected in deeper layers of sapropel and are attributed to lithogenic association of trace elements. Pb and Cu were detected in upper layers of sapropel which indicates the impact of anthropogenic activity. Sapropel of eutrophic lakes (Salotė and Gineitiškės) is enriched by high concentrations of heavy metals (galbūt naudoti tiesiog chemical elements?) (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn). Their main source was multidimensional anthropogenic pollution leading to a biogenic-anthropogenic association of elements. Sapropel with low concentrations of heavy metals exhibits a different inter-association matrix because most of the elements tend to form lithogenic-clastogenic associations.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN ZINC CONTENT IN THE SOIL COVER OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
SINTSOV ALEXANDER V. ◽  
◽  
BARMIN ALEXANDER N. ◽  
ZIMOVETS PETR A. ◽  
VALOV MICHAIL V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Anthropogenic and technogenic processes in the urban environment significantly change the chemical composition of the soil cover. One of such processes influencing the state of the urban soil is the process of soil cover pollution with heavy metals. Heavy metals are biochemically active and highly toxic; they are found in various components of the natural environment, as well as in systems of anthropogenic and technogenic origin. They have the property of accumulation in the body of living beings and have a negative effect on their condition. This group of chemical elements includes lead, zinc, chromium, mercury, copper, iron and other metals. Exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals in the soil of an urbanized area and their toxic effects pose a significant danger to humans. Contamination of the soil cover of an urbanized area with heavy metals is associated with the impact of a large number of sources of anthropogenic and technogenic origin, namely, energy and industrial facilities, city infrastructure support systems, zones of construction activities and storage of materials or waste. One of the main highly toxic chemical pollutants of the soil cover of the urbanized territory belonging to the group of heavy metals is zinc «Zincum-Zn». The article describes the results of a 2020 study of the current zinc content in the soil cover of the city of Astrakhan. The relevance of the work lies in the geochemical analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil of the city of Astrakhan. The aim of the work was to study the modern process of soil contamination of the city of Astrakhan with zinc. The work was based on the task of determining the degree of exceeding the hygienic standards of the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in soil samples. Methods of geographical and ecological research were used in the work, soil samples were collected, followed by determination of the concentration of a substance in each of the soil samples in a certified laboratory. In the course of the work, the indicators of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in the soil of the city of Astrakhan were determined and the presumptive sources of pollution were identified.

Holocene land-use change and its impact on river basin dynamics in Great Britain and Ireland

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon A. Foulds ◽  
Mark G. Macklin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Valley Floor ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

River basins in Great Britain and Ireland have been characterized by periods of hillslope and valley floor instability during the Holocene, reflecting sensitivity to both climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. In contrast to climatic controls, which have been relatively well documented, human impacts on and interactions with river basins remain unclear. There is now, however, a growing impetus to elucidate more fully the impact of anthropogenic activity on sediment supply and runoff, given that land-use change is thought to have exacerbated recent flooding in the UK (eg, the ‘Millennium'floods of 2000). The aim of this paper is to critically review the significance of Holocene land use on hillslope and valley floor stability in Great Britain and Ireland. The most widely reported impacts of land-use change on geomorphic activity include hillslope erosion and gully development, valley floor alluviation, river channel incision and elevated water tables. In the majority of cases, however, causal relationships are difficult to establish, due primarily to inadequate dating control. Even where geomorphic instability can be linked to land-use change, it is apparent that eroded material is often stored as colluvium, which together with evidence of diachronus hillslope and valley floor instability, raises important questions and identifies uncertainties regarding the dynamics and extent of sediment transfer within river basins. Such uncertainty has important implications for understanding how river basins will behave in response to future environmental change.

scholarly journals Evaluation of soil contamination by heavy metals in the zone of TPP influence

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Electrostatic Precipitator ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Donets Basin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Thermal power engineering takes one of the first places by the scale of the impact on the environment. Thermal power plant emissions are mainly deposited on the ground. Soil compounds, binding heavy metal ions (НM) for a long time, prevent their migration. The buffer capacity of the soil for metals depends on many factors: soil composition, acidity, complexity, oxidation–reduction,sorption–desorption, etc. Examination of the HM content in the soils is necessary for monitoring the environment, its protection from pollution. One of the largest pollutants in Kharkiv region is Zmiiv TPP. The goal of the work is to find out peculiarities of heavy metal contamination of the soil near the Zmiiv TTP and develop recommendations on improving the situation. In order to reach the goal, the following tasks have been solved: features of accumulation of various heavy metals in the soils have been specified, dependence between the soils pH and presence of certain chemical elements in them has been defined, dependance between the content of contamination and development of slow soluble compounds in the soil has been studied. Research methodology. The main principle of control for soil contamination is checking of concentration compliance with the established maximum permissible concentration (MPC) and approximate permissible concentration (APC). HM concentrations in the aqueous extract from the soil were determined by the atomic-emission spectral analysis, atomic absorption analysis and by the method of capillary electrophoresis. To determine the composition of the solid inorganic part of soils X-ray phase analysis was performed. Results of research. It is established that the most polluted areas are located within 10 km from TPP. The most disseminated pollutants in the area are Cu, Br, Co, V, Cr. The soils of the Siverskyi Donets Basin retain Cu, Zn and Pb ions to a large extent. Scientific novelty. Metals V, Cr are anionogenics, acid residues are formed in slightly alkaline soils and together with HM they form insoluble or slightly soluble compounds leading to their accumulation. Compounds SrCrO4, SrCr2O7, Sr(VO3)2, Zn2V2О7, Zn3(VО4)2, Zn(VО3)2 were found in the soils. Based on the determination of the coefficients of poly-elemental contamination, it is shown that maximum concentrations of HM are higher and variations of concentrations are wider except Pd, Zn and Cd in the soils with high humus, buffering and ability to form complexes with metal ions. The correlation relationships between pH, macro- and і microelements in various soils are determined. The highest correlation coefficient is between Al concentration and pH (0.6-0.9). Practical significance. Recommendations have been developed to reduce the level of soil contamination near Zmiiv TPP: reconstruction of the boiler unit, installation of an electrostatic precipitator to collect ash, using ash and slag waste in the production of Portland cement, liming soil for discrimination of HM.

scholarly journals Geochemical Impact of Kholodninsk Lead-zinc Deposit on Aquatic Landscapes of Northern Part of the Baikal Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Landscapes ◽  
The Impact

The features of pollution of aquatic environments (river and lake) in the area of impact of Grodnenskoe polymetallic mine, located in the water basin of the lake Baikal (Republic of Buryatiya) is considered. The main existing sources of pollution, the degree of toxicity and the scale of the impact on the drainage watercourses, as well as the peculiarities of transportation of pollutants were determined. Existing spatial zones of ecological risk for aquatic landscapes associated with modern geochemical impact of Kholodninskoe mine were revealed. Today, it is a part of the Kholodnaya River basin, which flows near the mine and receives water streams from abandoned tunnels. In the waters of these streams very high concentrations of pollutants (a number of heavy metals) have been revealed. They are hundreds and thousands times higher than the maximum permissible concentration. After the confluence of streams with the Chpolodnaya River pollution zone have been formed, within which the concentration of zinc in the waters of the river exceeds the normative values. For the TyyaRiver, which drains the ore body, but does not receive streams from the tunnels, significant excess of standards for the heavy metals content have not been found. Directly in the water area of the Lake Baikal, including the Gulf of Angarskiy Sor, where the Kholodnaya River flows, significant excess of permissible values was not identified, either. Based on the analysis of the selected samples, Conclusions based on the selected samples analysishave been made on specific featuresof current chemical elements migration in the «Kholodnaya River – Lake Baikal» system at the present level of economic activity, as well as the prospects for the future.

scholarly journals A quantitative eDNA-based method to monitor spawning activity of two emblematic fish species in lake Geneva

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vautier ◽  
Cécile Chardon ◽  
Chloé Goulon ◽  
Jean Guillard ◽  
Isabelle Domaizon
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Coregonus Lavaretus ◽  
Lake Geneva ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
European Perch ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Impact

Anthropogenic pressures and more recently climatic change have increased the interest to study the impact of environmental changes on the key stages of fish life cycle. In lake Geneva, a deep peri-alpine lake, climate change and phosphorous level are known to have consequences on salmonid and percid populations, including key species for recreational and commercial fisheries, whose stocks are subject to significant fluctuations. To follow these stock variations, the spawning activity of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is monitored in this lake since several years using traditional methods, unfortunately mostly destructive or damaging (e.g. gillnetting and collection of fertilized eggs). DNA isolated from the environment (eDNA) has been widely developed for the detection of specific species or whole biological communities, and this non-invasive method offers an alternative to conventional surveying tools. Until recently, the methods used for eDNA analysis (e.g. qPCR, metabarcoding) could be limited by their sensitivity, quantification limit or price, but the emergence of new methods, such as the droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), offers the possibility to quantify an absolute eDNA signal in a very sensitive way and at a lower cost. Here, we show for the first time the applicability of an eDNA method to monitor the spawning activity of two fish species in a lake by using ddPCR. During two spawning seasons for whitefish and one spawning season for European perch, water samples were collected every week from the subsurface, simultaneously to traditional monitoring sampling, and filtered through sterile cartridges. The eDNA was then extracted and analyzed using ddPCR, targeting the mitochondrial DNA of the two fish species. The results demonstrate the efficiency of eDNA coupled with ddPCR to identify the timing and duration of the spawning periods, as well as the peak of the spawning activity for whitefish and European perch in Lake Geneva. This study shows that we have reached an operational level to use this non-invasive eDNA monitoring of the spawning activity of these fish species in lakes.

scholarly journals Fucoxanthin and heavy metals in brown algae of genus Cystoseira C. Agardh from water areas with different anthropogenic influences (Black Sea)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Ryabushko ◽  
A. V. Prazukin ◽  
E. V. Gureeva ◽  
N. I. Bobko ◽  
N. P. Kovrigina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures

Brown algae are recognized as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in coastal waters. Comparison of morphological and functional characteristics of algae living in different environmental conditions is essential for understanding mechanisms of marine organism adaptation to anthropogenic environmental impact. The aim of this study is to determinate concentration of fucoxanthin and heavy metals in branches of brown seaweeds Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh and Cystoseira crinita Duby in water areas with different anthropogenic pressures. The content of fucoxanthin in the samples is determined by means of thin layer chromatography, and heavy metals are quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The maximum concentrations of fucoxanthin (3 mg·g-1 of dry weight), lead (48.5 μg·g-1), zinc (62.6 μg·g-1), and cadmium (3.2 μg·g-1) are found in branches of 2- to 3-month-old seaweeds. The content of fucoxanthin in the branches of C. barbata is 1.5 times higher than that in C. crinita. The Cystoseira seaweeds living in a eutrophic bay have higher concentrations of the pigment and zinc than the macrophytes from open waters. The elevated levels of fucoxanthin in brown algae of this genus found in eutrophic and heavy-metal-polluted water areas demonstrate the important role of this carotenoid in the adaptation of the algal photosynthetic apparatus to anthropogenic environmental changes.

scholarly journals Development of the unit for testing the methods of remote computerized monitoring of environmental changes in the “IKI-Monitoring” center for collective use

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Evgeny Loupian ◽  
Viktor Savorskiy ◽  
Aleksandr Kashnitskii ◽  
Dmitrii Kobets ◽  
Konstantin Sen'ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sulfur Oxide ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Technogenic Waste ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Computerized Monitoring ◽  
Science Service ◽  
The Impact

The impact of hazardous waste on people and the environment from agricultural, industrial, military and mining activities form one of the most significant global environmental challenges. These wastes often include heavy metals, acid precipitates (sulfur oxide solutions), hydrocarbons, and other organic chemicals. Creation of the tools of the VEGA-Science service (http://sci-vega.ru/) to control the state of vegetation for the monitoring the impact of technogenic waste and dumps sources (TWDS) on the environment is the main objective of this work. To achieve this goal, proposals for the modernization and development of the VEGA-Science services have been defined to provide the organization and analysis of long-term variability of the vegetation cover caused by the influence of TWDS.

scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Management Scenarios on Marine Food Webs: A Pan-European Assessment in Support of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Piroddi ◽  
Ekin Akoglu ◽  
Eider Andonegi ◽  
Jacob W. Bentley ◽  
Igor Celić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
North East ◽  
The Impact

Eutrophication is one of the most important anthropogenic pressures impacting coastal seas. In Europe, several legislations and management measures have been implemented to halt nutrient overloading in marine ecosystems. This study evaluates the impact of freshwater nutrient control measures on higher trophic levels (HTL) in European marine ecosystems following descriptors and criteria as defined by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). We used a novel pan-European marine modeling ensemble of fourteen HTL models, covering almost all the EU seas, under two nutrient management scenarios. Results from our projections suggest that the proposed nutrient reduction measures may not have a significant impact on the structure and function of European marine ecosystems. Among the assessed criteria, the spawning stock biomass of commercially important fish stocks and the biomass of small pelagic fishes would be the most impacted, albeit with values lower than 2.5%. For the other criteria/indicators, such as species diversity and trophic level indicators, the impact was lower. The Black Sea and the North-East Atlantic were the most negatively impacted regions, while the Baltic Sea was the only region showing signs of improvement. Coastal and shelf areas were more sensitive to environmental changes than large regional and sub-regional ecosystems that also include open seas. This is the first pan-European multi-model comparison study used to assess the impacts of land-based measures on marine and coastal European ecosystems through a set of selected ecological indicators. Since anthropogenic pressures are expanding apace in the marine environment and policy makers need to use rapid and effective policy measures for fast-changing environments, this modeling framework is an essential asset in supporting and guiding EU policy needs and decisions.

Агрономическая эффективность промышленной (голландской) технологии возделывания картофеля

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coy ◽  
A.V. Shuravilin ◽  
O.A. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния промышленной технологии возделывания картофеля на развитие, урожайность и качество продукции. Выявлена положительная реакция растений на подкормку K2SO4 в период посадки. Корреляционно-регрессионный анализ урожайности и качества клубней выявил высокую степень достоверности результатов опыта. Содержание нитратов и тяжелых металлов в клубнях было ниже допустимых величин.The results of studies on the impact of industrial technology of potato cultivation on growth, yield and quality of products. There was a positive response of plants to fertilizer K2SO4 in the period of planting. Correlation and regression analysis of yield and quality of tubers revealed a high degree of reliability of the results of experience. The contents of nitrates and heavy metals in tubers was below the permissible values.

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