Antiulcer Agents: From Plant Extracts to Phytochemicals in Healing Promotion

In this narrative review, we have comprehensively reviewed the plant sources used as antiulcer agents. From traditional uses as herbal remedies, we have moved on to preclinical evidence, critically discussing the in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on plant extracts and even isolated phytochemicals with antiulcerogenic potential. A particular emphasis was also paid to Helicobacter pylori activity, with emphasis on involved mechanisms of action. Lastly, the issue of safety profile of these plant products has also been addressed.

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Phytochemicals in Helicobacter pylori Infections: What Are We Doing Now?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19082361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 2361 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Bahare Salehi ◽

Farukh Sharopov ◽

Miquel Martorell ◽

Jovana Rajkovic ◽

Adedayo Ademiluyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Urease Inhibitory ◽

H Pylori

In this critical review, plant sources used as effective antibacterial agents against Helicobacter pylori infections are carefully described. The main intrinsic bioactive molecules, responsible for the observed effects are also underlined and their corresponding modes of action specifically highlighted. In addition to traditional uses as herbal remedies, in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on plant extracts and isolated bioactive compounds with anti-H. pylori activity are also critically discussed. Lastly, special attention was also given to plant extracts with urease inhibitory effects, with emphasis on involved modes of action.

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Efficacy of different fungicides and biopesticides for the management of lentil wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis)

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v8i01.19565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

KAMLESH RAM ◽

RAMESH SINGH

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Test Plant ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Wilt Incidence

In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the efficacy of fungicides and biopesticides. Among the fungicides, in Carbedazim to the most effective as they have inhibited the mycelia growth completely of the test fungus, and Benomyl, Topsin - M, Ridomil,Vitavax were found the next best in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 92.11% to 83.46% respectively. Sadabahar was least effective plant extracts which causes 42 mm of radial growth and inhibited the growth of the only 19.23%. In Vivo condition the maximum seed germination (95.50% and 95.33%), minimum wilt incidence (5.16% and 3.65%) and highest grain yield (10.50 q/ha and 10.35 q/ha) was found seed treatment with Carbendazim (0.2%). Among the test plant extracts Tulsi was lested effective, which show the minimum seed germination (80.00% and 77.50%), maximum wilt incidence (15.70% and 14.10%), and lowest grain yield (3.92 q/ha and 4.17 q/ha).

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Curcumin Formulations and Trials: What’s New in Neurological Diseases

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25225389 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (22) ◽

pp. 5389

Author(s):

Stella Gagliardi ◽

Carlo Morasso ◽

Polychronis Stivaktakis ◽

Cecilia Pandini ◽

Veronica Tinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Decline ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Physiological Pathways ◽

Double Blinded

Curcumin’s pharmacological properties and its possible benefits for neurological diseases and dementia have been much debated. In vitro experiments show that curcumin modulates several key physiological pathways of importance for neurology. However, in vivo studies have not always matched expectations. Thus, improved formulations of curcumin are emerging as powerful tools in overcoming the bioavailability and stability limitations of curcumin. New studies in animal models and recent double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials using some of these new formulations are finally beginning to show that curcumin could be used for the treatment of cognitive decline. Ultimately, this work could ease the burden caused by a group of diseases that are becoming a global emergency because of the unprecedented growth in the number of people aged 65 and over worldwide. In this review, we discuss curcumin’s main mechanisms of action and also data from in vivo experiments on the effects of curcumin on cognitive decline.

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Traditional Medicines, HIV, and Related Infections

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034511400077 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 159-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Patel ◽

P. Bessong ◽

H. Liu

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Immune System ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Antiretroviral Drugs ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Anti Hiv

Traditional medicines are an integral part of health care worldwide, even though their efficacy has not been scientifically proven. HIV-infected individuals may use them singularly or in combination with conventional medicines. Many in vitro studies have proven the anti-HIV, anti- Candida, and anti–herpes simplex virus potential of traditional plants and identified some of the mechanisms of action. Very few in vivo studies are available that involve a small number of participants and show controversial results. In addition, knowledge is limited of the role of traditional medicines in the enhancement of the immune system. The use of traditional medicines with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has created a problem because drug interactions compromise the efficacy of ARVs. Several currently popular plants have been studied in the laboratory for their interaction with ARVs, with disadvantageous results. Unfortunately, no clinical trials are available. The science of traditional medicines is relatively new and is at present being modernized worldwide. However, there are still ethical issues regarding traditional medicines that need to be addressed—for example, regulations regarding quality control and standardization of medicines, regulation and education of healers who deliver these medicines, and unregulated clinical trials. The workshop addressed the following questions about traditional medicine and their use in HIV infection: What are the mechanisms of action of anti-HIV traditional medicines? Should traditional medicines be used in conjunction with ARV? Do traditional medicines enhance the immune system? Should medicinal plants be used for the control of oral infections associated with HIV? What are the ethical issues surrounding the use of traditional medicines for the treatment of HIV and associated infections?

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Association between Oral Cancer and Diet: An Update

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1299

Author(s):

Jesús Rodríguez-Molinero ◽

Blanca del Carmen Migueláñez-Medrán ◽

Cristina Puente-Gutiérrez ◽

Esther Delgado-Somolinos ◽

Carmen Martín Carreras-Presas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Animal Products ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Oral cancer, included within head and neck cancer, is the sixth most common malignant neoplasm in the world. The main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol, although currently, diet is considered an important determinant for its development. Several dietary nutrients have specific mechanisms of action, contributing to both protection against cancer and increasing the risk for development, growth, and spread. Foods such as fruits, vegetables, curcumin, and green tea can reduce the risk of oral cancer, while the so-called pro-inflammatory diet, rich in red meat and fried foods, can enhance the risk of occurrence. Dietary factors with a protective effect show different mechanisms that complement and overlap with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative effects. The main limitation of in vivo studies is the complexity of isolating the effects related to each one of the nutrients and the relationship with other possible etiological mechanisms. On the contrary, in vitro studies allow determining the specific mechanisms of action of some of the dietary compounds. In conclusion, and despite research limitations, the beneficial effects of a diet rich in vegetables and fruits are attributed to different micronutrients that are also found in fish and animal products. These compounds show antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-proliferative properties that have a preventive role in the development of oral and other types of cancer.

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NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH ANTI-HERPES ACTIVITIES: IN VIVO STUDIES

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Hala Sabry Al-Atbi ◽

◽

Asmaa B. Sabti ◽

Sahar A. Ali ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Marine Species ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Term Basis ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Antiviral Medications

Herpes are a group of similar viruses that are responsible for a number of infecting diseases, the most important of which are herpes simplex, herpes zoster and pseudopox. Resistance to traditional antiviral medications is becoming increasingly common, making treatment of such infections even more difficult. For example, the usage of nucleoside analogues like acyclovir to target the DNA-polymerase of the virus on a regular and long-term basis promotes the generation of resistant viruses. As a result, a different treatment is required. Natural products, such as herbal remedies, have been shown to have in vitro and in vivo activity against herpes viruses, and have shown to be a valuable source for new antivirals development and separation. The goal of this review is to highlight the most promising extracts and pure chemicals obtained from plants and marine species that have in vivo anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) action. Natural products as new anti-HSV medications offer a number of benefits, including fewer side effects, minimal toxicity, and lowered resistance, and a variety ways of deed.

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Prunella vulgaris L. Potentiates Answer to the Emergence of Dreaded Antibiotic Resistance

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.15.3.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jitendra K. Patel ◽

Chetan Kumar Joshi ◽

Mukesh Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Petroleum Ether ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Human Beings ◽

Prunella Vulgaris ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

E Coli

Medicinal herbs that are in use for centuries to treat infections and other illnesses. Prunella vulgaris L. is traditionally used for its therapeutic attributes for the alleviation of various infectious diseases. The objective of this study on Prunella vulgaris was to reveal relevant pharmaceutical information to understand its beneficial medicinal uses for human beings. The methanolic and petroleum ether extracts after removal of the solvent under reduced pressure from the Prunella vulgaris plants were prepared and these extracts were analyzed in vitro for their activity against B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhi (with ATCC numbers 6051, 25922, 23235 and 14028 respectively). Likewise, in vivo studies were conducted using the E. coli-induced peritonitis in laboratory rat models where the rats were given allopathic antibiotic ofloxacin and the results were compared with those rats who received plant extracts under controlled conditions. The results were analyzed for the efficacy of the plant extracts was compared with ofloxacin; the methanol extracts exhibited equally if not better results in clearing the pathogen from the system of animals. The petroleum ether extracts exhibited the least antimicrobial activity in comparison to those extracted in methanol isolates. In conclusion, the herbal extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity both under in-vitro and in-vivo studies which is a major outcome of the study. During this study, all standards and norms were followed as per government animal authority.

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Antischistosomal Activity of Origanum majorana, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Salvia fruticosa Plant Extracts on Hamster Infected with Schistosoma haematobium

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5545331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Schistosoma Haematobium ◽

Early Stage ◽

World Health ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Salvia Fruticosa ◽

Medical Plant ◽

Origanum Majorana

World Health Organization (WHO) has approved only one treatment for schistosomiasis, praziquantel (PZQ), but some poor efficacy was noticed in patients during the early stage of infection. Therefore, researchers have intensified their efforts to research new alternative medicines to treat schistosomiasis. In the present study, in vitro as well as in vivo studies have been accomplished to evaluate the effect of Origanum majorana, Ziziphus spina-christi, and Salvia fruticosa extracts in a different concentration 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml on golden hamster infected by Egyptian strains of schistosome (Schistosoma haematobium). In vitro, the adult worms and schistosomula of S. haematobium were investigated in RPMI-1640 medium for 48 hrs. The results showed that the concentration 500, 250, and 125 μg/ml of Origanum majorana, and Ziziphus spina-christi caused dead of 100% of Egyptian Schistosoma strains of adult worm and schistosomula of S. haematobium within 6 to 12 hrs of incubation. On the other hand, the extract of Salvia fruticosa at concentrations 500, 250, and 125 μg/ml showed death 100% parasites after 12 to 24 hrs of incubation. Inclusion, Origanum majorana, and Ziziphus spina-christi showed effectiveness against Egyptian Schistosoma strains (S. haematobium), a slight decrease in Salvia fruticosa was observed. Therefore, these medical plant extracts may be used as a safe and effective treatment for schistosomiasis.

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Eradication therapy of helicobacteriosis with probiotics, problems, and prospects

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-193-9-60-72 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 60-72

Author(s):

E. I. Ermolenko ◽

A. S. Molostova ◽

N. S. Gladyshev

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Side Effects ◽

Eradication Therapy ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Stomach Diseases ◽

Probiotic Strains

Currently, there is an urgent question of optimizing the treatment of stomach diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori, due to the increasing resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics and the presence of side effects of standard therapy. To optimize it, it is proposed to use probiotics as an additional or monotherapy. The review presents the results of studies of anti-helicobacter activity by in vitro and in vivo systems, as well as an assessment of the clinical effectiveness of various probiotic strains of microorganisms in eradication therapy. Several mechanisms of action of probiotics in the treatment of HP-related diseases are discussed. The problems and prospects of using personalized therapy of helicobacteriosis with probiotics and autoprobiotics, based on strains obtained from the gastrointestinal tract, are indicated.

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