scholarly journals Chromosome Doubling-Enhanced Biomass and Dihydrotanshinone I Production in Salvia miltiorrhiza, A Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plant

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gamboa Chen ◽  
Kang-Lun Tsai ◽  
Hsiao-Hang Chung ◽  
Jen-Tsung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Efficient System

The root of Chinese sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) was regarded as top-grade Chinese medicine two thousand years ago, according to Shen Nong Materia Medica. The aim of this study is to develop an easy and reliable means for obtaining tetraploids (4x plants) via thidiazuron-induced direct organogenesis in the presence of colchicine. The resulting 4x plants showed significantly enhanced agronomic traits, including the size of stomata, leaflet, pollen, and seed as well as shoot length, root diameter, number of leaves, and fresh weight of plant. In addition, an obvious reduction of length to width ratio was found in the 4x plants, including stomata, leaflets, pollens, seeds, and roots. The 4x ploidy state of the plants was stable as was proved by evaluation of selection indicators as well as consistent ploidy level at 10th generation plantlets and also on 4x seedlings obtained via self-pollination. The major bioactive compounds, salvianolic acid B, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone I and cryptotanshinone, as well as total tanshinones were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentrations of dihydrotanshinone I and total tanshinones in the root extract of the 4x plants were significantly higher when compared with the 2x plants. This present study developed a simple and efficient system for inducing and subculture of tetrapolids which have stable ploidy level, enhanced growth characteristics as well as the content of dihydrotanshinone I in the root of S. miltiorrhiza.

Simultaneous Determination of Cryptotanshinone, Tanshinone IA and Tanshinone IIA in Three Processing Products of White Flower S. Miltiorrhiza by HPLC

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 2037-2040
Author(s):  
Yu Qin Li ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Rui Duan ◽  
Bao Xiu Jia ◽  
Gui Rong You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
White Flower ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Regression Equations

A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was established for the simultaneous determination of tanshinones in three processing products of white flower Radix salvia miltiorrhiza. Cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IA and tanshinone IIA were successfully separated on a Yilite C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol, water, tetrahydrofuran and glacial acetic acid (70:24:5:1, v/v/v/v), employing isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was 254 nm. Regression equations revealed good linear relationship between the peak areas of the compounds and their concentrations (correlation coefficients: 0.9994 for cryptotanshinone, 0.9996 for tanshinone I A and 0.9996 for tanshinone IIA). The recoveries were between 98.03 % and 103.1 %. The method is simple, accurate and effective and can be used to determine the contents of tanshinones in processing products of Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f. alba, and the contents of three tanshinones presented the stir-frying processing＜the crude drugs＜the wine prosessing.

scholarly journals Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal quality change in the orange-rooted Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) from cultivated field

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilai Zhan ◽  
Wentao Fang ◽  
Xiaohui Ma ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Guanghong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Furan Ring ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Analyses

Abstract Background The dry root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, or Danshen, is a well-known, traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are active compounds that accumulate in the periderm, resulting in red-colored roots. However, lines with orange roots have been observed in cultivated fields. Here, we performed metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the changes of orange-rooted Danshen. Methods Metabolome analysis was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Tof–MS) to investigate the metabolites variation between orange Danshen and normal Danshen. RNA sequencing and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to analyzing the differentially expressed genes between orange-rooted and normal Danshen. Results In total, 40 lipophilic components were detected in metabolome analysis, and seven compounds were significantly decreased in the orange Danshen, including the most abundant active compounds, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I in normal Danshen. Systematic analysis of transcriptome profiles revealed that the down-regulated genes related to catalytic dehydrogenation was not detected. However, two genes related to stress resistance, and four genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of proteins were up-regulated in orange Danshen. Conclusions Decreases in the content of dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones such as tanshinone IIA resulted in phenotypic changes and quality degradation of Danshen. Transcriptome analysis indicated that incorrect folding and ER-associated degradation of corresponding enzymes, which could catalyze C15-C16 dehydrogenase, might be contributed to the decrease in dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones, rather than lower expression of the relative genes. This limited dehydrogenation of cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I into tanshinones IIA and I products, respectively, led to a reduced quality of Danshen in cultivated fields.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Seven Bioactive Constituents from Salvia miltiorrhiza in Rat Plasma by HPLC-MS/MS: Application to a Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Yanli Zhang ◽  
Weiliang Cui ◽  
Xianghong Liu ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Wenru Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Negative Ionization

The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) is a precious herbal medicine used to treat cardiovascular diseases. This study establishes a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify seven bioactive constituents from Danshen in rat plasma simultaneously. Chromatographic separation is performed on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm), utilizing a gradient of acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. We conduct a tandem mass spectrometric detection with electrospray ionization (ESI) interface via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in both positive and negative ionization mode. Our results show that a linear relationship is established for each analyte of interest over the concentration range of 0.5–300 ng/mL with r ≥ 0.9976. The validated method is successfully used to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of crude and wine-processed Danshen extract orally administered to rats. Cmax of tanshinone IIA, Cmax, and AUC0-t of dihydrotanshinone I decrease significantly (p < 0.05) in the wine-processed group. No significant changes for other compounds are observed. These results might provide meaningful information for the further application of wine-processed Danshen and understanding of wine-processing mechanisms.

Ultrafine Grinding of Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza Particles and the Physicochemical Properties by High Speed Centrifugal Sheering

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.L. Su ◽  
Zheng Yi Fu ◽  
Wei Min Wang ◽  
Hang Wang ◽  
Yu Cheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Ultrafine Grinding ◽  
Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Nanoparticles Suspension

Radix salvia miltiorrhiza is a commonly used herbal medicine in China, and tanshinone IIA is one of the major active ingredients. Nano Radix salvia miltiorrhiza particles were successfully prepared by high speed centrifugal sheering (HSCS) technology, and the prepared nanoparticles suspension was subsequently spray-dried. The different properties of nano particles and raw powder were systematically studied by laser light scattering granulometric analyzer, TEM, SEM and FTIR. The extractive quantity of tanshinone IIA was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results illustrate that raw Radix salvia miltiorrhiza powder can be ultrafinely ground to nanosize within 50min, and the molecular structure of active ingredients doesn’t change after being ground. Furthermore, the active ingredients can dissolve out directly and fully, and the extractive ratio of tanshinone IIA increases 28.6% by HSCS processing. It is valuable to combine nanotechnology and TCM to improve the bioavailability and rapid releasing.

Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectral Characteristics and Fragmentation Mechanisms of Tanshinones in Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Gui Feng Zhang ◽  
Hui Yin ◽  
Xiao Bao Jin ◽  
Jia Yong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Collision Energy ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza

Cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA were analyzed by High-performance liquid chromatography /electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. MSn spectra were obtained and optimized by energy collision induced dissociation (CID) from [M+H]+ ions, the effect of collision energy on production of fragmental ions were studied and optimal signals were achieved. With the collision energy of 35%, tanshinones have optimal signals of fragmental ions and maximal amounts of product fragment ions respectively. The fragmentation pathways for the compounds were studied, and this information would be helpful for the quantitative and pharmacokinetic analysis of tanshinones.

scholarly journals Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal quality change in the orange-rooted Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) from cultivated field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilai Zhan ◽  
Wentao Fang ◽  
Xiaohui Ma ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Guanghong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Furan Ring ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Transcriptome Analyses ◽  
Lower Expression

Abstract Backgroud The dry root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, or Danshen, is a well-known, traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are active compounds that accumulate in the periderm, resulting in red-colored roots. However, lines with orange roots have been observed in cultivated fields. Here, we performed metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the changes of orange-rooted Danshen. Results In total, 40 lipophilic components were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Tof-MS). Seven compounds were significantly decreased in the orange Danshen, including the most abundant active compounds, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I in normal Danshen. Systematic analysis of transcriptome profiles revealed that the down-regulated genes related to catalytic dehydrogenation was not detected. However, two genes related to stress resistance, and four genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of proteins were up-regulated in orange Danshen. Conclusion Decreases in the content of dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones such as tanshinone IIA resulted in phenotypic changes and quality degradation of Danshen. Transcriptome analysis indicated that incorrect folding and ER-associated degradation of corresponding enzymes, which could catalyze C15-C16 dehydrogenase, contributed to the decrease in dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones, rather than lower expression of the relative genes.

Tanshinones and their derivatives: heterocyclic ring-fused diterpene of biological interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Estolano-Cobián ◽  
Mariana Macías Alonso ◽  
Laura Díaz-Rubio ◽  
Cecilia Naredo Ponce ◽  
Iván Córdova-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Path ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
In Vivo Models

: The available scientific literature regarding tanshinones is very abundant, and after its review, it is noticeable that most of the articles focus on the properties of tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate and the dried root extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Tan-Shen). However, although these products have demonstrated important biological properties in both in vitro and in vivo models, their poor solubility and bioavailability have limited their clinical applications. For these reasons, many studies have focused on the search for new pharmaceutical formulations for tanshinones, as well as the synthesis of new derivatives that improve their biological properties. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2015) on tanshinones in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we offer an update on the last five years of new research on these quinones, focusing in their synthesis, biological activity on noncommunicable diseases and drug delivery systems, to support future research on its clinical applications.

scholarly journals Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal quality change in the orange-rooted Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) from cultivated field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilai Zhan ◽  
Wentao Fang ◽  
Xiaohui Ma ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Guanghong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Furan Ring ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Catalytic Dehydrogenation ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Transcriptome Analyses ◽  
Lower Expression

Abstract Background The dry root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, or Danshen, is a well-known, traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are active compounds that accumulate in the periderm, resulting in red-colored roots. However, lines with orange roots have been observed in cultivated fields. Here, we performed metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the changes of orange-rooted Danshen. Results In total, 40 lipophilic components were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Tof-MS). Seven compounds were significantly decreased in the orange Danshen, including the most abundant active compounds, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I in normal Danshen. Systematic analysis of transcriptome profiles revealed that the down-regulated genes related to catalytic dehydrogenation was not detected. However, two genes related to stress resistance, and four genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of proteins were up-regulated in orange Danshen. Conclusion Decreases in the content of dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones such as tanshinone IIA resulted in phenotypic changes and quality degradation of Danshen. Transcriptome analysis indicated that incorrect folding and ER-associated degradation of corresponding enzymes, which could catalyze C15-C16 dehydrogenase, contributed to the decrease in dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones, rather than lower expression of the relative genes.

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