scholarly journals The Effect of Rhodamine-Derived Superparamagnetic Maghemite Nanoparticles on the Motility of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Larisa Baiazitova ◽  
Josef Skopalik ◽  
Jiri Chmelik ◽  
Inna Zumberg ◽  
Vratislav Cmiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Maghemite Nanoparticles ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblast

Nanoparticles have become popular in life sciences in the last few years. They have been produced in many variants and have recently been used in both biological experiments and in clinical applications. Due to concerns over nanomaterial risks, there has been a dramatic increase in investigations focused on safety research. The aim of this paper is to present the advanced testing of rhodamine-derived superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles (SAMN-R), which are used for their nontoxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and magnetic properties. Recent results were expanded upon from the basic cytotoxic tests to evaluate cell proliferation and migration potential. Two cell types were used for the cell proliferation and tracking study: mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (3T3) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Advanced microscopic methods allowed for the precise quantification of the function of both cell types. This study has demonstrated that a dose of nanoparticles lower than 20 µg·cm−2 per area of the dish does not negatively affect the cells’ morphology, migration, cytoskeletal function, proliferation, potential for wound healing, and single-cell migration in comparison to standard CellTracker™ Green CMFDA (5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate). A higher dose of nanoparticles could be a potential risk for cytoskeletal folding and detachment of the cells from the solid extracellular matrix.

Gene Expression Regulation underlying Osteo-, Adipo-, and Chondro-Genic Lineage Commitment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Sotoca ◽  
Michael Weber ◽  
Everardus J. J. van Zoelen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lineage Commitment

Human mesenchymal stem cells have a high potential in regenerative medicine. They can be isolated from a variety of adult tissues, including bone marrow, and can be differentiated into multiple cell types of the mesodermal lineage, including adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Stem cell differentiation is controlled by a process of interacting lineage-specific and multipotent genes. In this chapter, the authors use full genome microarrays to explore gene expression profiles in the process of Osteo-, Adipo-, and Chondro-Genic lineage commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells expedite chondrogenesis in 3D human degenerative disc cell cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Hingert ◽  
Karin Ekström ◽  
Jonathan Aldridge ◽  
Rosella Crescitelli ◽  
Helena Brisby
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Disc Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Abstract Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known to be mediators of intercellular communication and have been suggested as possible therapeutic agents in many diseases. Their potential use in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration associated with low back pain (LBP) is yet to be explored. Since LBP affects more than 85% of the western population resulting in high socioeconomic consequences, there is a demand for exploring new and possibly mini-invasive treatment alternatives. In this study, the effect of hMSC-derived small EVs (sEVs) on degenerated disc cells (DCs) isolated from patients with degenerative discs and chronic LBP was investigated in a 3D in vitro model. Methods hMSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirate, and EVs were isolated from conditioned media of the hMSCs by differential centrifugation and filtration. 3D pellet cultures of DCs were stimulated with the sEVs at 5 × 1010 vesicles/ml concentration for 28 days and compared to control. The pellets were harvested at days 7, 14, and 28 and evaluated for cell proliferation, viability, ECM production, apoptotic activity, chondrogenesis, and cytokine secretions. Results The findings demonstrated that treatment with sEVs from hMSCs resulted in more than 50% increase in cell proliferation and decrease in cellular apoptosis in degenerated DCs from this patient group. ECM production was also observed as early as in day 7 and was more than three times higher in the sEV-treated DC pellets compared to control cultures. Further, sEV treatment suppressed secretion of MMP-1 in the DCs. Conclusion hMSC-derived sEVs improved cell viability and expedited chondrogenesis in DCs from degenerated IVDs. These findings open up for new tissue regeneration treatment strategies to be developed for degenerative disorders of the spine.

scholarly journals Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Display Reduced Expression of CD105 after Culture in Serum-Free Medium

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mark ◽  
Mandy Kleinsorge ◽  
Ralf Gaebel ◽  
Cornelia A. Lux ◽  
Anita Toelk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
The Impact

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) present a promising tool for regenerative medicine. However,ex vivoexpansion is necessary to obtain sufficient cells for clinical therapy. Conventional growth media usually contain the critical component fetal bovine serum. For clinical use, chemically defined media will be required. In this study, the capability of two commercial, chemically defined, serum-free hMSC growth media (MSCGM-CD and PowerStem) for hMSC proliferation was examined and compared to serum-containing medium (MSCGM). Immunophenotyping of hMSCs was performed using flow cytometry, and they were tested for their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types. Although the morphology of hMSCs cultured in the different media differed, immunophenotyping displayed similar marker patterns (high expression of CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD90 cell surface markers and absence of CD45). Interestingly, the expression of CD105 was significantly lower for hMSCs cultured in MSCGM-CD compared to MSCGM. Both groups maintained mesenchymal multilineage differentiation potential. In conclusion, the serum-free growth medium is suitable for hMSC culture and comparable to its serum-containing counterpart. As the expression of CD105 has been shown to positively influence hMSC cardiac regenerative potential, the impact of CD105 expression onto clinical use after expansion in MSCGM-CD will have to be tested.

SDF-1-CXCR4 and HGF-c-met Axes Regulate Mobilization/Recruitment to Injured Tissue of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2331-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Ra Son ◽  
Dongling Zhao ◽  
Leah A. Marquez-Curtis ◽  
Neeta Shirvaikar ◽  
Mariusz Z. Ratajczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Chemotaxis Assay ◽  
Injured Tissue ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to egress from the bone marrow (BM), circulate in peripheral blood (PB) and differentiate into many cell types, making them attractive as a potential therapeutic tool for organ/tissue regeneration. However the signals required for their mobilization into PB and their recruitment into injured sites are not fully understood. We previously reported that stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are upregulated at sites of tissue damage (Cancer Research2003; 63:7926; Leukemia2004; 18:29) and in this study we examined whether these factors mediate the migration of MSC. We investigated (i) the expression in MSC of CXCR4 and c-met, the cognate receptors of SDF-1 and HGF, (ii) whether they are functional after early and late passages (using a chemotaxis assay across fibronectin and the reconstituted basement membrane Matrigel), and (iii) whether MSC express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) known to facilitate mobilization and homing of stem cells. MSC were derived from human bone marrow (BM) or cord blood (CB) and maintained for up to 18 passages (in IMDM and 10–20% FCS) with monitoring of markers for cardiac (Nkx2.5/Csx, GATA-4 and MEF2-C), skeletal muscle (Myo-D and myogenin) and endothelial cells (VE-cadherin and VEGFR-2). We found that (i) CB and BM MSC strongly express CXCR4 and c-met transcripts for up to 15 passages, (ii) these receptors are functional as the MSC cells were chemotactic and chemoinvasive (across Matrigel) towards gradients of SDF-1 (100 ng/mL) or HGF (40 ng/mL), and (iii) CB and BM MSC express MMP-2 mRNA and secrete both latent and active forms of MMP-2. Moreover, we found that CB and BM MSC expressed mRNA for all three cardiac markers and the endothelial marker VE-cadherin, indicating their potential for heart regeneration. In conclusion, these results indicate that the SDF-1-CXCR4 and HGF-c-met axes are important signaling pathways in MSC mobilization and their trafficking in PB, and could be involved in recruitment of MSC to damaged tissues (e.g., myocardium).

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species Are Required for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Initiate Proliferation after the Quiescence Exit

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. Lyublinskaya ◽  
Ya. G. Borisov ◽  
N. A. Pugovkina ◽  
I. S. Smirnova ◽  
Ju. V. Obidina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment

The present study focuses on the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the process of mesenchymal stem cells “waking up” and entering the cell cycle after the quiescence. Using human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs), we showed that intracellular basal ROS level is positively correlated with the proliferative status of the cell cultures. Our experiments with the eMSCs synchronized in the G0phase of the cell cycle revealed a transient increase in the ROS level upon the quiescence exit after stimulation of the cell proliferation. This increase was registered before the eMSC entry to the S-phase of the cell cycle, and elimination of this increase by antioxidants (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, Tempol, and Resveratrol) blocked G1–S-phase transition. Similarly, a cell cycle arrest which resulted from the antioxidant treatment was observed in the experiments with synchronized human mesenchymal stem cells derived from the adipose tissue. Thus, we showed that physiologically relevant level of ROS is required for the initiation of human mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and that low levels of ROS due to the antioxidant treatment can block the stem cell self-renewal.

B7-H1 Inhibits T Cell Proliferation Through MHC Class II in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1638-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.K. Jang ◽  
H.H. Yoon ◽  
M.S. Yang ◽  
J.E. Lee ◽  
D.-H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
T Cell Proliferation
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