scholarly journals Comprehensive Chemical Profiling and Multidirectional Biological Investigation of Two Wild Anthemis Species (Anthemis tinctoria var. Pallida and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba): Focus on Neuroprotective Effects

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giustino Orlando ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Claudio Ferrante ◽  
Maurizio Ronci ◽  
Lucia Recinella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Specific Proteins

Ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (MeOH), and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria var. pallida (ATP) and A. cretica subsp. tenuiloba (ACT) were investigated for their phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant, and key enzyme inhibitory potentials. All extracts displayed antiradical effects, with MeOH and aqueous extracts being a superior source of antioxidants. On the other hand, EA and MeOH extracts were potent against AChE and BChE. Enzyme inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase were observed, as well. We also studied Anthemis extracts in an ex vivo experimental neurotoxicity paradigm. We assayed extract influence on oxidative stress and neurotransmission biomarkers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serotonin (5-HT), in isolated rat cortex challenged with K+ 60 mM Krebs-Ringer buffer (excitotoxicity stimulus). An untargeted proteomic analysis was finally performed in order to explore the putative mechanism in the brain. The pharmacological study highlighted the capability of ACT water extract to blunt K+ 60 mM increase in LDH level and 5-HT turnover, and restore physiological activity of specific proteins involved in neuron morphology and neurotransmission, including NEFMs, VAMP-2, and PKCγ, thus further supporting the neuroprotective role of ACT water extract.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Induces Chronic Pain and Microglial Phenotypic Changes in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3604
Author(s):  
Nicola Alessio ◽  
Carmela Belardo ◽  
Maria Consiglia Trotta ◽  
Salvatore Paino ◽  
Serena Boccella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

The bioactive form of vitamin .D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D3), exerts immunomodulatory actions resulting in neuroprotective effects potentially useful against neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. In fact, vitamin D deficiency status has been correlated with painful manifestations associated with different pathological conditions. In this study, we have investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency on microglia cells, as they represent the main immune cells responsible for early defense at central nervous system (CNS), including chronic pain states. For this purpose, we have employed a model of low vitamin D intake during gestation to evaluate possible changes in primary microglia cells obtained from postnatal day(P)2-3 pups. Afterwards, pain measurement and microglia morphological analysis in the spinal cord level and in brain regions involved in the integration of pain perception were performed in the parents subjected to vitamin D restriction. In cultured microglia, we detected a reactive—activated and proliferative—phenotype associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Oxidative stress was closely correlated with the extent of DNA damage and increased β-galactosidase (B-gal) activity. Interestingly, the incubation with 25D3 or 1,25D3 or palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), reduced most of these effects. Morphological analysis of ex-vivo microglia obtained from vitamin-D-deficient adult mice revealed an increased number of activated microglia in the spinal cord, while in the brain microglia appeared in a dystrophic phenotype. Remarkably, activated (spinal) or dystrophic (brain) microglia were detected in a prominent manner in females. Our data indicate that vitamin D deficiency produces profound modifications in microglia, suggesting a possible role of these cells in the sensorial dysfunctions associated with hypovitaminosis D.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PARTS OF NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN. IN PARACETAMOL AND ISONIAZID-RIFAMPICINE INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
D Gupta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dose Dependent

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (NNE and NNA respectively) was evaluated by paracetamol and Isoniazid-rifampicine (INH-RMP) induced hepatotoxicity models. In paracetamol induced hepatoxicity model, NNA 400 and NNE 400 produced significant (p<0.005) reduction in SGOT level when compared to that of control group. Treatment with NNE 200, NNE 400 and NNA 400 produced significant reduction (p<0.01) in SGPT levels when compared to that of control group. SALP levels were significantly (p<0.001) reduced in animals treated with Silymarin (standard), ethanolic and aqueous extracts at both doses when compared to that of control. In INH-RMP induced hepatotoxicity model, significant (p<0.001) reduction in SGOT levels was produced in animals treated with NNA 200 and 400, NNE 200 and 400, when compared to control group animals. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Nelumbo nucifera at both doses produced significant (p<0.05 and 0.001 respectively) decrease in the SGPT and SALP levels when compared with control group. Hepatoprotective activity was found to be dose dependent. Significant hepatoprotective activity produced by ethanolic & aqueous extracts of Nelumbo nucifera may be a consequence of synergistic effect of the constituents present in the extracts namely, β-sitosterol and flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin etc.) The results suggest that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts (NNE and NNA) of Nelumbo nucifera aerial parts possess significant hepatoprotective activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects Induced by Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol in Rat CTX-TNA2 Astrocytes and Isolated Cortexes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana di Giacomo ◽  
Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽  
Lucia Recinella ◽  
Giustino Orlando ◽  
Amelia Cataldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Rat Astrocytes ◽  
Species Production

Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) are Cannabis sativa terpenophenols. Although CBD’s effectiveness against neurological diseases has already been demonstrated, nothing is known about CBG. Therefore, a comparison of the effects of these compounds was performed in two experimental models mimicking the oxidative stress and neurotoxicity occurring in neurological diseases. Rat astrocytes were exposed to hydrogen peroxide and cell viability, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis occurrence were investigated. Cortexes were exposed to K+ 60 mM depolarizing stimulus and serotonin (5-HT) turnover, 3-hydroxykinurenine and kynurenic acid levels were measured. A proteomic analysis and bioinformatics and docking studies were performed. Both compounds exerted antioxidant effects in astrocytes and restored the cortex level of 5-HT depleted by neurotoxic stimuli, whereas sole CBD restored the basal levels of 3-hydroxykinurenine and kynurenic acid. CBG was less effective than CBD in restoring the levels of proteins involved in neurotransmitter exocytosis. Docking analyses predicted the inhibitory effects of these compounds towards the neurokinin B receptor. Conclusion: The results in the in vitro system suggest brain non-neuronal cells as a target in the treatment of oxidative conditions, whereas findings in the ex vivo system and docking analyses imply the potential roles of CBD and CBG as neuroprotective agents.

The in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant properties, hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic activities of water extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves

2008 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilaipark Chumark ◽  
Panya Khunawat ◽  
Yupin Sanvarinda ◽  
Srichan Phornchirasilp ◽  
Noppawan Phumala Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

scholarly journals Chemical and Biological Investigation of Some Secondary Metabolites in Atriplex Halimus Growing in Egypt

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Kabbash ◽  
Nagwa Shoeib
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Atriplex Halimus ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

The n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the MeOH-CH2Cl2 (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of Egyptian Atriplex halimus L. yielded two new flavonol glycosides, designated as atriplexoside A (1) [3′- O-methylquercetin-4′- O-β-apiofuranoside-3- O-(6″- O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside)] and atriplexoside B (2) [3′- O-methylquercetin-4′- O-(5″″- O-β-xylopyranosyl-β-apiofuranoside)-3- O-(6″- O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside)], together with six known compounds: two phenolic glucosides (3, 4), one ecdysteroid (5), one megastigmane (6) and two methoxylated flavonoid glycosides (7, 8). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, including HR-ESI-MS and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. DPPH radical scavenging, antileishmanial and anti-multidrug resistance activities were investigated using the n-BuOH-soluble fraction as well as the isolated compounds. Compound 8 (5- O-methylquercetin-3- O-(6″- O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside) presented marked DPPH radical scavenging, weak antileishmanial and anti-multidrug resistance activity while the other tested compounds showed weaker activities.

scholarly journals Isolation and Quantification of Pinitol, a Bioactive Cyclitol, in Retama spp

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria H. González-Mauraza ◽  
Antonio J. León-González ◽  
José L. Espartero ◽  
Juan B. Gallego-Fernández ◽  
Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Identification And Quantification

The genus Retama (Fabaceae) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region. In the present study, pinitol (3- O-methyl- chiro-inositol), an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic molecule, was isolated from aerial parts of R. monosperma, and its structure established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (1D/2D NMR) and MS. Identification and quantification of pinitol in R. raetam and R. sphaerocarpa were also performed. R. monosperma had the highest concentration of pinitol (2.3%). The presence of pinitol in aqueous extracts of Retama spp. may explain the adaptation of these plants to drought and salinity. Furthermore, pinitol could be considered as a mediator in the anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities of Retama spp., which are traditionally used to treat diabetes.

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