Total Alkaloids from Bamboo Shoots and Bamboo Shoot Shells of Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) Keng f. and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities

The bamboo shoot of Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) Keng f. is a medicinal and edible plant product in China. In this study, the chemical composition of the total alkaloids from bamboo shoots and bamboo shoot shells of P. amarus (Keng) Keng f. (ABSP and ABSSP, respectively) were separated and investigated by UHPLC/QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that a total of 32 alkaloids were extracted, with 15 common to both ABSP and ABSSP and 10 and 7 alkaloids distinct to ABSP and ABSSP, respectively. ABSP and ABSSP both decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 μg/mL)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 78 and 55 μg/mL, respectively. We also found that ABSP and ABSSP (100 μg/mL) could decrease the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at both mRNA and protein levels in LPS-exposed RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, 100 μg/mL of ABSP and ABSSP also significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Additionally, ABSP and ABSSP (100 μg/mL) decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, the total alkaloids from the bamboo shoots and shells of P. amarus exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells through the inhibition of ERK signaling. This result can provide support for the medicinal use and further study of P. amarus.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Compounds Isolated from the Rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23102631 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 2631 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zeyuan Wang ◽

Jianfeng Cai ◽

Qing Fu ◽

Lingping Cheng ◽

Lehao Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Microglial Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Platycodin D ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Anemarrhena Asphodeloides

Fifteen unreported compounds in Anemarrhena asphodeloides, iriflophene (3), hostaplantagineoside C (7), tuberoside G (8), spicatoside B (9), platycodin D (14), platycoside A (15), platycodin D2 (16), polygalacin D2 (17), platycodin D3 (18), isovitexin (20), vitexin (21), 3,4-dihydroxyallylbenzene-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (22), iryptophan (24), adenosine (25), α-d-Glucose monoallyl ether (26), together with eleven known compounds (1, 2, 4–6, 10–13, 19 and 23), were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The chemical structures of these compounds were characterized using HRMS and NMR. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated by investigating their ability to inhibit LPS-induced NO production in N9 microglial cells. Timosaponin BIII (TBIII) and trans-hinokiresinol (t-HL) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the NO production in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 11.91 and 39.08 μM, respectively. Immunoblotting demonstrated that TBIII and t-HL suppressed NO production by inhibiting the expressions of iNOS in LPS-stimulated N9 microglial cells. Further results revealed that pretreatment of N9 microglial cells with TBIII and t-HL attenuated the LPS-induced expression tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) at mRNAs and protein levels. Moreover, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways were inhibited by TBIII and t-HL, respectively. Our findings indicate that the therapeutic implication of TBIII and t-HL for neurogenerative disease associated with neuroinflammation.

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Ethanol Extract of Lilium Bulbs Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role by Targeting the IKKα/β-Mediated NF-κB Pathway in Macrophages

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x18500672 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (06) ◽

pp. 1281-1296 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sang Yun Han ◽

Young-Su Yi ◽

Seong-Gu Jeong ◽

Yo Han Hong ◽

Kang Jun Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Lilium bulbs have long been used as Chinese traditional medicines to alleviate the symptoms of various human inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of Lilium bulb-mediated anti-inflammatory activity and the bioactive components in Lilium bulbs remain unknown. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of Lilium bulbs and the underlying mechanism of action were investigated in macrophages using Lilium bulb ethanol extracts (Lb-EE). In a dose-dependent manner, Lb-EE inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) without causing significant cytotoxicity. Lb-EE also down-regulated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which included inducuble nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]). Furthermore, Lb-EE markedly restored LPS-induced morphological changes in RAW264.7 cells to a normal morphology. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol as bioactive components contained in Lb-EE. Mechanistic studies in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells revealed that Lb-EE suppressed MyD88- and TRIF-induced NF-[Formula: see text]B transcriptional activation and the nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B transcription factors. Moreover, Lb-EE inhibited IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-induced activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway and IKK inhibition significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Lb-EE plays an anti-inflammatory role by targeting IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-mediated activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

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Benzophenone and Benzoylphloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii with Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Otogirinin A

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25194463 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (19) ◽

pp. 4463 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chun-Yi Huang ◽

Tzu-Cheng Chang ◽

Yu-Jing Wu ◽

Yun Chen ◽

Jih-Jung Chen

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

No Production ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Arginase 1 ◽

Potent Inhibition ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Three new compounds, 4-geranyloxy-2-hydroxy-6-isoprenyloxybenzophenone (1), hypericumone A (2) and hypericumone B (3), were obtained from the aerial parts of Hypericum sampsonii, along with six known compounds (4–9). The structures of these compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Hypericumone A (2), sampsonione J (8) and otogirinin A (9) exhibited potent inhibition (IC50 values ≤ 40.32 μM) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation. Otogirinin A (9) possessed the highest inhibitory effect on NO production with IC50 value of 32.87 ± 1.60 μM. The well-known proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was also inhibited by otogirinin A (9). Western blot results demonstrated that otogirinin A (9) downregulated the high expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Further investigations on the mechanism showed that otogirinin A (9) blocked the phosphorylation of MAPK/JNK and IκBα, whereas it showed no effect on the phosphorylation of MAPKs/ERK and p38. In addition, otogirinin A (9) stimulated anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by elevating the expression of arginase 1 and Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). The above results suggested that otogirinin A (9) could be considered as potential compound for further development of NO production-targeted anti-inflammatory agent.

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Chemical Profiles and Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Essential Oils from Seseli gummiferum and Seseli corymbosum subsp. corymbosum

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1601101025 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1601101

Author(s):

Alev Tosun ◽

Jaemoo Chun ◽

Igor Jerković ◽

Zvonimir Marijanović ◽

Maurizio A. Fenu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Gene Assay ◽

Germacrene D ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils from Seseli corymbosum subsp. corymbosum Pall. ex Sm. (SC) and Seseli gummiferum Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. corymbosum (SG) was investigated for the first time on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The main constituents (determined by GC-FID and GC-MS analyses) were germacrene D (54.1%) and sabinene (22.4%) in SG oil and β-phellandrene (29.2%), α-phellandrene (8.2%) and germacrene D (2.5%) in SC oil. SC and SG oils inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 values of 56.1 and 108.2 μg/mL, respectively. The oils also inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with IC50 values of 49.4 μg/mL (SC oil) and 95.5 μg/mL (SG oil). The inhibitory effect of SC and SG oils was accompanied by dose-dependent decreases of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expressions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The research of the reporter gene assay on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) showed that SC and SG oils inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity. The obtained results suggest that SC and SG oils exert the anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by suppressing NF-κB activation.

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Anti-inflammatory Constituents from Eurycoma longifolia Roots

Letters in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570178617666191218104241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 455-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nguyen Minh Chau ◽

Ha Manh Tuan ◽

Tran Manh Hung ◽

Nguyen Tien Dat ◽

Nguyen Hai Dang

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Ethyl Ferulate ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Eight secondary metabolites (1-8) were isolated from the roots of Vietnamese Eurycoma longifolia. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using a variety of spectroscopic methods. Among the compounds was eurylongilactone A (1), a new oxygenated C20 quassinoid with a 11β,20-epoxy bridge. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated against LPSinduced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Compound 1 and ethyl ferulate (8) had the strongest inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 3.03 ± 0.73 and 3.56 ± 0.43 µM, respectively. Compounds 2, 4, and 7 had moderate activity.

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Chemical Structure of an Acylated Oleanane-type Triterpene Oligoglycoside and Anti-inflammatory Constituents from the Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200811 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomoe Ohta ◽

Seikou Nakamura ◽

Tomoko Matsumoto ◽

Souichi Nakashima ◽

Keiko Ogawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Anti Inflammatory

A new acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, floratheasaponin K (1), was isolated together with 11 known compounds including floratheasaponins D (2)–G (5), and I (6), chakasaponin V (7), and assamsaponin E (8) from the flower buds of Camellia sinensis cultivated in India. The chemical structure of floratheasaponin K (1) was elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, chakasaponins V (7) and I (13) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity.

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Nitric oxide (NO) radical inhibitory of hedyotis philippinensis and its marker compound, asperuloside

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v10n1.62 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emi Norzehan Mohamad Mahbob ◽

Rohaya Ahmad ◽

Syahida Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

No Production ◽

Marker Compound ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophage

Hedyotis spesies have been used in Chinese folk medicine as a treatment for colds, stomatitis and various inflammations. In this study, three methanolic extracts of Hedyotis species (Hedyotis corymbosa, Hedyotis havilandii and Hedyotis philippinensis) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. The plant extracts along with asperuloside, the marker compound of H. philippinensis were tested for their anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon- (IFN-)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Among the three species, H. philippinensis (leaves and stems) showed good NO radical inhibitory activity (with IC50 values of 139.76±12.50 and 176.21±2.48 g/ml, respectively). Asperuloside, isolated as a major compound from the plant moderately inhibited LPS/IFN--induced NO production by 63% at a concentration of 100 M (45% cell viability) compared to L-NAME (77 %). Its IC50 value was found to be 75.45±2.25 M. Its inhibition was also found to be dose-dependent.

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The anti-inflammatory effects of Indonesian and Japanese bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) fruit extracts on interleukin-1β-treated hepatocytes

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v9i1.560 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dinia Rizqi Dwijayanti ◽

Tetsuya Okuyama ◽

Tadayoshi Okumura ◽

Yukinobu Ikeya ◽

Mikio Nishizawa

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Interleukin 1Β ◽

No Production ◽

Bitter Melon ◽

Inos Protein ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Bitter melon, Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae), grows in tropical to temperate regions in Asia, including Indonesia and Japan. Bitter melon contains triterpenoids, steroidal glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The green immature fruit of bitter melon is a popular vegetable in Indonesia and Japan and has been used as a traditional Indonesian medicine (Jamu) to treat microbial infections and diabetes mellitus. However, there are currently few reports about the pharmacological effects of the constituents of bitter melon.Objective: To compare the effects of Indonesian and Japanese bitter melon, the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, was monitored.Methods: Immature fruits of bitter melons collected from Indonesia and Japan were lyophilized and extracted with methanol. The resultant extracts were fractionated by hydrophobicity into ethyl acetate-soluble (A), n-butanol-soluble (B), and water-soluble (C) fractions. Primary cultured hepatocytes prepared from rat liver were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and each extract or fraction. Nitrite in the medium was measured, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was determined. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in the medium was measured to monitor cytotoxicity. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was detected by western blot analysis. The mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Indonesian and Japanese bitter melon extracts (BMEs) suppressed NO production by IL-1β-treated hepatocytes without showing cytotoxicity. The IC50 values of the BMEs were 86 μg/mL (Indonesian) and 171 μg/mL (Japanese). Both BMEs suppressed iNOS protein expression. Fractions A and B of both BMEs suppressed NO production. The IC50 values of the Indonesian BME fractions A and B were comparable to those of Japanese BME. Fraction A of both BMEs decreased the levels of iNOS protein and mRNA, as well as those of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs. Fraction C of both BMEs did not affect NO production.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction (A) of Indonesian and Japanese BMEs exhibited a comparable ability to suppress the induction of the iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. These data suggest that hydrophobic constituents in fraction A, such as cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, may be responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory effects of bitter melon from Indonesia and Japan.Keywords: Momordica charantia, nitric oxide, inflammation, Jamu, Goya.

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Moringa Fruit Inhibits LPS-Induced NO/iNOS Expression through Suppressing the NF-κB Activation in RAW264.7 Cells

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x13500754 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (05) ◽

pp. 1109-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hyo-Jin Lee ◽

Yun-Jeong Jeong ◽

Tae-Sung Lee ◽

Yoon-Yub Park ◽

Whi-Gun Chae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a natural biologically active substance, by determining its inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Extracts from different parts of moringa (root, leaf, and fruit) reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose-dependent manner. The moringa fruit extract most effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO production and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The moringa fruit extract also was shown to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, moringa fruit extract inhibited the cytoplasmic degradation of I κ B -α and the nuclear translocation of p65 proteins, resulting in lower levels of NF -κ B transactivation. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that moringa fruit extract reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO , IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 via the inhibition of NF -κ B activation in RAW264.7 cells. These findings reveal, in part, the molecular basis underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of moringa fruit extract.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Phlorotannin Trifuhalol A Using LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells Through NF-κB and MAPK Main Signaling Pathways

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19849798 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1984979 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kasira Phasanasophon ◽

Sang Moo Kim

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α

Trifuhalol A, a phlorotannin, was extracted from Agarum cribrosum with ethyl acetate and fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography (SF1-SF6). The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and SF5-containing trifuhalol A exhibited strong inhibitory activity against hyaluronidase. The anti-inflammatory activity of the phlorotannin, EAF, and SF5 was determined through the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of NO production was validated by confirming the appreciable downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Agarum cribrosum phlorotannin also markedly suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, the anti-inflammatory action was verified by examining its effects on proinflammatory signaling pathways. The activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was attenuated via the inhibition of NF-κB p-65, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Therefore, trifuhalol A is a potential source for either the prevention or the treatment of inflammation.

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