scholarly journals Glycan Mimetics from Natural Products: New Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Disease

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4604
Author(s):  
Wenyue Wang ◽  
Sandeep Gopal ◽  
Roger Pocock ◽  
Zhicheng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Cellular Recognition ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Carbohydrate Chains

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide. Characterized by the functional loss and death of neurons, NDs lead to symptoms (dementia and seizures) that affect the daily lives of patients. In spite of extensive research into NDs, the number of approved drugs for their treatment remains limited. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new approaches for the prevention and treatment of NDs. Glycans (carbohydrate chains) are ubiquitous, abundant, and structural complex natural biopolymers. Glycans often covalently attach to proteins and lipids to regulate cellular recognition, adhesion, and signaling. The importance of glycans in both the developing and mature nervous system is well characterized. Moreover, glycan dysregulation has been observed in NDs such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Therefore, glycans are promising but underexploited therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of glycans in NDs. We also discuss a number of natural products that functionally mimic glycans to protect neurons, which therefore represent promising new therapeutic approaches for patients with NDs.

New therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of migraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1010-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Christoph Diener ◽  
Andrew Charles ◽  
Peter J Goadsby ◽  
Dagny Holle
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

scholarly journals Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: Past, present and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. E5-E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ann Marrie
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative condition affecting the central nervous system. Like many neurologic diseases, it is chronic and incurable, and confers a substantial burden on affected individuals, their families and society. Although many individuals suffering from a serious chronic disease also suffer from comorbid conditions, the important consequences of their interaction often receive little attention. This was particularly true for MS two decades ago. Broadening our perspective by better understanding the effects of comorbidity on an individual with a particular chronic disease offers us an opportunity to improve understanding of prognosis, personalize disease management, develop new therapeutic approaches and illuminate the pathophysiology of disease. Source: Studies examining the incidence, prevalence and outcomes related to comorbidity in MS will be discussed, along with areas requiring further investigation. Conclusion: Comorbidity is highly prevalent in MS throughout the disease course. Comorbid conditions, including depression, anxiety, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and chronic lung disease, adversely affect a broad range of outcomes. Less is known about the effects of MS on outcomes related to these comorbid conditions. These findings highlight an urgent need to determine how to best prevent and treat comorbidity in MS.

Prospects in treatment of multiple sclerosis: near future

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
Gennadii E. Sheiko ◽  
Anna N. Belova ◽  
Maksim N. Kudykin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Methods ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Unclear Etiology ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Given ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a widespread dysimmune-neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system of unclear etiology. Despite significant achievements in the therapy of MS, the level of progressing disability and early mortality remains alarmingly high. The main aim of the given review is to give a detailed description of new promising medical drugs for treatment of MS. In the article the data of preclinical and clinical trials are given, presumptive mechanisms of the medical drugs under development are described. Development of new therapeutic approaches in treatment of MS is of great interest in modern science. The given review highlights new methods of treatment that are now undergoing clinical trialы and will probably come to the clinical practice in the near future.

The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2475-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Morello ◽  
Massimo Pieri ◽  
Rossella Zenobi ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Delphine Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Neuroactive Steroid ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this “neuroactive” steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.

Cortical and meningeal pathology in progressive multiple sclerosis: a new therapeutic target?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenice Anabel Silva ◽  
Carina Cintia Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cortical Lesions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Meningeal Inflammation ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that involves an intricate interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system. Nevertheless, its etiology is still unknown. MS exhibits different clinical courses: recurrent episodes with remission periods (‘relapsing-remitting’) that can evolve to a ‘secondary progressive’ form or persistent progression from the onset of the disease (‘primary progressive’). The discovery of an effective treatment and cure has been hampered due to the pathological and clinical heterogeneity of the disease. Historically, MS has been considered as a disease exclusively of white matter. However, patients with progressive forms of MS present with cortical lesions associated with meningeal inflammation along with physical and cognitive disabilities. The pathogenesis of the cortical lesions has not yet been fully described. Animal models that represent both the cortical and meningeal pathologies will be critical in addressing MS pathogenesis as well as the design of specific treatments. In this review, we will address the state-of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives and the development of strategies to discover new therapeutic approaches, especially for the progressive forms.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulation in Melanoma: Facts and Hopes

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Emilio Francesco Giunta ◽  
Gianluca Arrichiello ◽  
Marcello Curvietto ◽  
Annalisa Pappalardo ◽  
Davide Bosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Mapk Inhibitors ◽  
Approved Drugs

Cutaneous melanoma is a lethal disease, even when diagnosed in advanced stages. Although recent progress in biology and treatment has dramatically improved survival rates, new therapeutic approaches are still needed. Deregulation of epigenetics, which mainly controls DNA methylation status and chromatin remodeling, is implied not only in cancer initiation and progression, but also in resistance to antitumor drugs. Epigenetics in melanoma has been studied recently in both melanoma preclinical models and patient samples, highlighting its potential role in different phases of melanomagenesis, as well as in resistance to approved drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and MAPK inhibitors. This review summarizes what is currently known about epigenetics in melanoma and dwells on the recognized and potential new targets for testing epigenetic drugs, alone or together with other agents, in advanced melanoma patients.

scholarly journals Modulation of Hair Growth Promoting Effect by Natural Products

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2163
Author(s):  
Seyeon Park ◽  
Joomin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Growth Promoting

A large number of people suffer from alopecia or hair loss worldwide. Drug-based therapies using minoxidil and finasteride for the treatment of alopecia are available, but they have shown various side effects in patients. Thus, the use of new therapeutic approaches using bioactive products to reduce the risk of anti-hair-loss medications has been emphasized. Natural products have been used since ancient times and have been proven safe, with few side effects. Several studies have demonstrated the use of plants and their extracts to promote hair growth. Moreover, commercial products based on these natural ingredients have been developed for the treatment of alopecia. Several clinical, animal, and cell-based studies have been conducted to determine the anti-alopecia effects of plant-derived biochemicals. This review is a collective study of phytochemicals with anti-alopecia effects, focusing mainly on the mechanisms underlying their hair-growth-promoting effects.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Three Drug-Based Therapy for Neuroblastoma in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6753
Author(s):  
Patrizia Garbati ◽  
Raffaella Barbieri ◽  
Matilde Calderoni ◽  
Francesca Baldini ◽  
Mario Nizzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Approach ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapy Efficacy ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

High-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) still remains the most dangerous tumor in early childhood. For this reason, the identification of new therapeutic approaches is of fundamental importance. Recently, we combined the conventional pharmacological approach to NB, represented by cisplatin, with fendiline hydrochloride, an inhibitor of several transporters involved in multidrug resistance of cancer cells, which demonstrated an enhancement of the ability of cisplatin to induce apoptosis. In this work, we co-administrated acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase isoform IX (CAIX) inhibitor which was reported to increase chemotherapy efficacy in various cancer types, to the cisplatin/fendiline approach in SKNBE2 xenografts in NOD-SCID mice with the aim of identifying a novel and more effective treatment. We observed that the combination of the three drugs increases more than twelvefold the differences in the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin alone, leading to a remarkable decrease of the expression of malignancy markers. Our conclusion is that this approach, based on three FDA-approved drugs, may constitute an appropriate improvement of the pharmacological approach to HR-NB.

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