The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 2475-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Morello ◽  
Massimo Pieri ◽  
Rossella Zenobi ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Delphine Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Neuroactive Steroid ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this “neuroactive” steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meric Ozturk ◽  
Marit Nilsen-Hamilton ◽  
Muslum Ilgu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion dis-ease, or brain tumors. Diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theranostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneer studies to apply aptamers, which show promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.

scholarly journals Aptamer Applications in Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Meric Ozturk ◽  
Marit Nilsen-Hamilton ◽  
Muslum Ilgu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Being the predominant cause of disability, neurological diseases have received much attention from the global health community. Over a billion people suffer from one of the following neurological disorders: dementia, epilepsy, stroke, migraine, meningitis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, prion disease, or brain tumors. The diagnosis and treatment options are limited for many of these diseases. Aptamers, being small and non-immunogenic nucleic acid molecules that are easy to chemically modify, offer potential diagnostic and theragnostic applications to meet these needs. This review covers pioneering studies in applying aptamers, which shows promise for future diagnostics and treatments of neurological disorders that pose increasingly dire worldwide health challenges.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diet in Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
Ernesto Damiani ◽  
Gerardo Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Complex I Activity ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

An increasing number of data demonstrate the utility of ketogenic diets in a variety of metabolic diseases as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. In regard to neurological disorders, ketogenic diet is recognized as an effective treatment for pharmacoresistant epilepsy but emerging data suggests that ketogenic diet could be also useful in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer, Parkinson’s disease, and some mitochondriopathies. Although these diseases have different pathogenesis and features, there are some common mechanisms that could explain the effects of ketogenic diets. These mechanisms are to provide an efficient source of energy for the treatment of certain types of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by focal brain hypometabolism; to decrease the oxidative damage associated with various kinds of metabolic stress; to increase the mitochondrial biogenesis pathways; and to take advantage of the capacity of ketones to bypass the defect in complex I activity implicated in some neurological diseases. These mechanisms will be discussed in this review.

History and Prevalence of Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (S5) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Duda
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Neurological Injuries ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

AbstractThe syndrome now known as involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED) is a condition characterized by uncontrollable episodes of laughing and/or crying. It has been known for more than a century, but confusing and conflicting terminology may have hampered the progress of physicians in recognizing this condition. IEED is associated with various neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and neurological injuries such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. It is hoped that better defined terminology for IEED may help in the future diagnosis of this debilitating condition, the establishment of accurate prevalence rates for IEED in the varying underlying conditions, and also in removing blame and stigma from sufferers by providing reassurance about the nature of their condition.

scholarly journals The Seaweed Diet in Prevention and Treatment of the Neurodegenerative Diseases

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Leonel Pereira ◽  
Ana Valado
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Long Chain

Edible marine algae are rich in bioactive compounds and are, therefore, a source of bioavailable proteins, long chain polysaccharides that behave as low-calorie soluble fibers, metabolically necessary minerals, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants. Marine algae were used primarily as gelling agents and thickeners (phycocolloids) in food and pharmaceutical industries in the last century, but recent research has revealed their potential as a source of useful compounds for the pharmaceutical, medical, and cosmetic industries. The green, red, and brown algae have been shown to have useful therapeutic properties in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson, Alzheimer’s, and Multiple Sclerosis, and other chronic diseases. In this review are listed and described the main components of a suitable diet for patients with these diseases. In addition, compounds derived from macroalgae and their neurophysiological activities are described.

scholarly journals Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Cadiele Oliana Reichert ◽  
Debora Levy ◽  
Sergio P. Bydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Structural Homology ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Genetic Cluster ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The human body has biological redox systems capable of preventing or mitigating the damage caused by increased oxidative stress throughout life. One of them are the paraoxonase (PON) enzymes. The PONs genetic cluster is made up of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share a structural homology, located adjacent to chromosome seven. The most studied enzyme is PON1, which is associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), having paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities. Due to these characteristics, the enzyme PON1 has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we update the knowledge about the association of PON enzymes and their polymorphisms and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).

The contribute of cerebrospinal fluid free light-chain assay in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases in an Italian multicenter study

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110641
Author(s):  
Gaetano Bernardi ◽  
Tiziana Biagioli ◽  
Paola Malpassi ◽  
Teresa De Michele ◽  
Domizia Vecchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Free Light Chains ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Combined Use

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) free light chains (FLCs) can be an alternative assay to oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in inflammatory neurological disorders, but threshold has no consensus. Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CSF FLCs in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological diseases. Methods: A total of 406 patients from five Italian centers. FLCs were measured in CSF and serum using Freelite MX assays on Optilite. Results: A total of 171 patients were diagnosed as MS, 154 non-inflammatory neurological diseases, 48 inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and 33 peripheral neurological diseases. Both kFLC and λFLC indices were significantly higher in patients with MS compared to other groups ( p < 0.0001). The kFLC index ⩾ 6.4 is comparable to OCB for MS diagnosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.876; sensitivity 83.6% vs 84.2%; specificity 88.5% vs 90.6%). λFLC index ⩾ 5 showed an AUC of 0.616, sensitivity of 33.3% and specificity of 90.6%. In all, 12/27 (44.4%) MS patients with negative OCB had kFLC index ⩾ 6.4. Interestingly, 37.5% of 24 patients with a single CSF IgG band showed high kFLC index and 12.5% positive λFLC index. Conclusion: Our findings support the diagnostic utility of FLC indices in MS and other CNS inflammatory disorders, suggesting a combined use of FLC and OCB to help clinicians with complementary information.

Neurology

2016 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Kristine O’Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Board Examination ◽  
Neurological Findings ◽  
The Common ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The purpose of the Oral Board Examination is to determine a candidate’s competency in neurosurgical disorders, but also neurological disorders, which may mimic neurosurgical conditions. It is not uncommon for a candidate to be presented imaging studies that clearly appear surgical; however, after carefully listening to the history and relevant neurological findings, it will become apparent that the imaging does not explain the patient’s symptoms. Some of the common neurological ailments that the Oral Board examinee needs to be well aware of include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), Guillain-Barré syndrome, and Parsonage=Turner syndrome (brachial plexitis), some of which are covered either in this chapter or in other relevant chapters.

scholarly journals Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Frank Bennett ◽  
Adrian R. Krainer ◽  
Don W. Cleveland
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotide ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Therapeutic Platform ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Antisense oligonucleotides represent a novel therapeutic platform for the discovery of medicines that have the potential to treat most neurodegenerative diseases. Antisense drugs are currently in development for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, and multiple research programs are underway for additional neurodegenerative diseases. One antisense drug, nusinersen, has been approved for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy. Importantly, nusinersen improves disease symptoms when administered to symptomatic patients rather than just slowing the progression of the disease. In addition to the benefit to spinal muscular atrophy patients, there are discoveries from nusinersen that can be applied to other neurological diseases, including method of delivery, doses, tolerability of intrathecally delivered antisense drugs, and the biodistribution of intrathecal dosed antisense drugs. Based in part on the early success of nusinersen, antisense drugs hold great promise as a therapeutic platform for the treatment of neurological diseases.

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