scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Raw-Extract Centella asiatica (RECA) on Acetylcholinesterase, Inflammations, and Oxidative Stress Activities via In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zetty Zulikha Hafiz ◽  
Muhammad ‘Afif Mohd Amin ◽  
Richard Muhammad Johari James ◽  
Lay Kek Teh ◽  
Mohd Zaki Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) is one of the medicinal plants that has been reported to exert comprehensive neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. In view of this, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of C. asiatica, designated as raw-extract of C. asiatica (RECA) in reducing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inflammations, and oxidative stress activities via both in vitro (SH-SY5Y and RAW 264.7 cells) and in vivo (Sprague Dawley rats). Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis reveals that RECA contains a significantly high proportion of glycosides than the aglycones with madecassoside as the highest component, followed by asiaticoside. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with RECA significantly reduced the AChE activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 31.09 ± 10.07 µg/mL. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RECA were evaluated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Our results elucidated that treatment with RECA significantly suppressed the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine/mediators and oxidative stress released in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, these patterns of inhibition were consistent as observed in the LPS-induced neuroinflammation Sprague Dawley rats’ model. The highest concentration used in the two models presented the most significant results. Herein, our findings strongly suggest that RECA may offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease through inhibiting the AChE, inflammation, and oxidative stress activities.

scholarly journals Anti-Acetylcholinesterase, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Raw-Extract Centella Asiatica (RECA) on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Neuroinflammation Sprague Dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Z Hafiz ◽  
N Shamsuddin ◽  
S M Mukhtar ◽  
R J James ◽  
M I Adenan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ache Inhibitor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The present study was designed to investigate the potential of raw-extract of Centella asiatica (RECA) in suppressing acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inflammations and oxidative stress via induction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on animal model of Sprague Dawley rats. Centella asiatica is a plant that has been used as a traditional herbal remedy for the management of several diseases, including memory improvement, treatment of mental fatigue and wound healing. Pre-treatment with RECA in vitro significantly reduced the AChE activity in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 value of 57.47 ± 13.55 µg/ml. Interestingly, this result was parallel with in vivo studies. Moreover, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress were significantly reduced by RECA in dose-dependent manner. Overall, our findings clearly dictate the potential of RECA as AChE inhibitor as well anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agents. 

scholarly journals Antioxidant Treatment Reverts Increased Arterial Basal Tone and Oxidative Stress in Nephrectomized (5/6) Hypertensive Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo O. Marañón ◽  
Claudio Joo Turoni ◽  
Maria Sofia Karbiner ◽  
Nicolas Salas ◽  
Maria Peral de Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Basal Tone ◽  
No Bioavailability

Nonischemic 5/6 nephrectomized rat (NefR) is a model of chronic kidney disease. However, little is known about vascular dysfunction and its relation with hypertension in NefR.Aims. To evaluate possible alterations of endothelial function, NO-bioavailability, and basal tone in aorta from NefR and the role of oxidative stress. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sham rats (SR), NefR, and NefR treated with tempol (NefR-T). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal function were determined. In isolated aortic rings the following was measured: 1-endothelial function, 2-basal tone, 3-NO levels, 4-membrane potential (MP), and 5-oxidative stress. NefR increased MAP (SR: 119 ± 4 mmHg;n=7; NefR: 169 ± 6;n=8;P<0.001). Tempol did not modify MAP (NefR-T: 168 ± 10;n=6;P<0.001). NefR showed endothelial dysfunction, increased basal tone and decreased NO levels (SR: 32 ± 2 nA;n=7, NefR: 10 ± 2;n=8;P<0.001). In both in vitro and in vivo tempol improves basal tone, NO levels, and MP. Oxidative stress in NefR was reverted in NefR-T. We described, for the first time, that aorta from NefR presented increased basal tone related to endothelial dysfunction and decreased NO-bioavailability. The fact that tempol improves NO-contents and basal tone, without decrease MAP, indicates that oxidative stress could be implicated early and independently to hypertension, in the vascular alterations.

scholarly journals Ochratoxin A Induces Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells by Impairing the Gene Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Enrique García-Pérez ◽  
Dojin Ryu ◽  
Chan Lee ◽  
Hyun Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin frequently found in raw and processed foods. While it is considered a possible human carcinogen, the mechanism of action remains unclear. OTA has been shown to be hepatotoxic in both in vitro and in vivo models and oxidative stress may be one of the factors contributing to its toxicity. Hence, the effect of OTA on human hepatocellular carcinoma, HepG2 cells, was investigated on oxidative stress parameters. The cytotoxicity of OTA on HepG2 was time- and dose-dependent within a range between 0.1 and 10 µM; while 100 μM of OTA increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, the levels of glutathione (GSH) were increased by 9.7% and 11.3% at 10 and 100 nM of OTA, respectively; while OTA at 100 μM depleted GSH by 40.5% after 24 h exposure compared with the control. Finally, the mRNA level of catalase (CAT) was downregulated by 2.33-, 1.92-, and 1.82-fold after cells were treated with 1, 10, and 10 μM OTA for 24 h, respectively; which was linked to a decrease in CAT enzymatic activity. These results suggest that oxidative stress is involved in OTA-mediated toxicity in HepG2 cells.

scholarly journals Potential of Horse Apple Isoflavones in Targeting Inflammation and Tau Protein Fibrillization

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab A. Abourashed ◽  
Aida Abraha ◽  
Shabana I. Khan ◽  
Tanika McCants ◽  
Saad Awan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Maclura Pomifera ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

In our ongoing search for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents of natural origin, the total methanolic extract (MPE) of horse apple (Maclura pomifera) and its two major prenylated isoflavones, osajin (OSA) and pomiferin (POM), were evaluated in vitro for their ability to affect four mediators of inflammation and to inhibit tau protein fibrillization. The two isoflavones were effective in enhancing the activity of NSAID activated gene (NAG-1) at 2.5 μg/mL (1.5 – 1.8 fold increase) and inhibiting iNOS and NF-κB activity with IC50 values in the range of 6 – 13 μg/mL. Pomiferin also inhibited intracellular oxidative stress with IC50 of 3.3 μg/mL, while osajin did not show any effect. The extract activated NAG-1 and inhibited iNOS and oxidative stress without affecting NF-κB. As observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), MPE, OSA and POM also inhibited arachidonic acid-induced tau fibrillization in a concentration-dependent manner.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Lectin Exhibit Inhibition of ACE-I, α-amylase and α-glucosidase Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Suresh Bhagyawant ◽  
Dakshita Tanaji Narvekar ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Amita Bhadkaria ◽  
Ajay Kumar Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Chickpea Lectin

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are the major health concern and alleged to be of epidemic proportions. This has made it a numero uno subject at various levels of investigation. Glucosidase inhibitor provides the reasonable option in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as it specifically targets post prandial hyperglycemia. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in hypertension. Therefore, inhibition of ACE in treatment of elevated blood pressure attracts special interest of the scientific community. Chickpea is a food legume and seeds contain carbohydrate binding protein- a lectin. Some of the biological properties of this lectin hitherto been elucidated. Methods: Purified by ion exchange chromatography, chickpea lectin was tested for its in vitro antioxidant, ACE-I inhibitory and anti-diabetic characteristic. Results: Lectin shows a characteristic improvement over the synthetic drugs like acarbose (oral anti-diabetic drug) and captopril (standard antihypertensive drug) when, their IC50 values are compared. Lectin significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 values of 85.41 ± 1.21 ҝg/ml and 65.05 ± 1.2 µg/ml compared to acarbose having IC50 70.20 ± 0.47 value of µg/ml and 50.52 ± 1.01 µg/ml respectively. β-Carotene bleaching assay showed antioxidant activity of lectin (72.3%) to be as active as Butylated Hydroxylanisole (BHA). In addition, lectin demonstrated inhibition against ACE-I with IC50 value of 57.43 ± 1.20 µg/ml compared to captopril. Conclusion: Lectin demonstrated its antioxidant character, ACE-I inhibition and significantly inhibitory for α-glucosidase and α-amylase seems to qualify as an anti-hyperglycemic therapeutic molecule. The biological effects of chickpea lectin display potential for reducing the parameters of medically debilitating conditions. These characteristics however needs to be established under in vivo systems too viz. animals through to humans.

scholarly journals Impact of Polyphenolic-Food on Longevity: An Elixir of Life. An Overview

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Rosaria Meccariello ◽  
Stefania D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Macromolecular Damage ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aging and, particularly, the onset of age-related diseases are associated with tissue dysfunction and macromolecular damage, some of which can be attributed to accumulation of oxidative damage. Recently, growing interest has emerged on the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Several studies collectively suggests that the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources may exert beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and related diabetes risk factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. They are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, and their intake has been associated with a reduced aging in humans. Polyphenolic intake has been shown to be effective at ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, effects of these phytochemicals (either pure forms or polyphenolic-food) are reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signaling pathways. Finally, the effectiveness of the anti-aging preventive action of nutritional interventions based on diets rich in polyphenolic food, such as the diets of the Blue zones, are discussed.

scholarly journals Phaseolin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells and Zebrafish

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Su-Jung Hwang ◽  
Ye-Seul Song ◽  
Hyo-Jong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bioactive Constituents

Kushen (Radix Sophorae flavescentis) is used to treat ulcerative colitis, tumors, and pruritus. Recently, phaseolin, formononetin, matrine, luteolin, and quercetin, through a network pharmacology approach, were tentatively identified as five bioactive constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of S. flavescentis. However, the role of phaseolin (one of the primary components of S. flavescentis) in the direct regulation of inflammation and inflammatory processes is not well known. In this study, the beneficial role of phaseolin against inflammation was explored in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation models of RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish larvae. Phaseolin inhibited LPS-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), without affecting cell viability. In addition, phaseolin suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, phaseolin reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity as well as macrophage adhesion in vitro and the recruitment of leukocytes in vivo by downregulating Ninjurin 1 (Ninj1), an adhesion molecule. Finally, phaseolin inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In view of the above, our results suggest that phaseolin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of inflammation.

Pirfenidone mediates cigarette smoke extract induced inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 107593
Author(s):  
Yiming Ma ◽  
Lijuan Luo ◽  
Xiangming Liu ◽  
Herui Li ◽  
Zihang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Extract ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Modulatory Effects of Osthole on Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Inflammation in Caco-2 Cell Monolayer and Co-Cultures with THP-1 and THP-1-Derived Macrophages

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Natalia K. Kordulewska ◽  
Justyna Topa ◽  
Małgorzata Tańska ◽  
Anna Cieślińska ◽  
Ewa Fiedorowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Tnf Α

Lipopolysaccharydes (LPS) are responsible for the intestinal inflammatory reaction, as they may disrupt tight junctions and induce cytokines (CKs) secretion. Osthole has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, thus its anti-inflammatory potential in the LPS-treated Caco-2 cell line as well as in Caco-2/THP-1 and Caco-2/macrophages co-cultures was investigated. In brief, Caco-2 cells and co-cultures were incubated with LPS to induce an inflammatory reaction, after which osthole (150–450 ng/mL) was applied to reduce this effect. After 24 h, the level of secreted CKs and changes in gene expression were examined. LPS significantly increased the levels of IL-1β, -6, -8, and TNF-α, while osthole reduced this effect in a concentration-dependent manner, with the most significant decrease when a 450 ng/mL dose was applied (p < 0.0001). A similar trend was observed in changes in gene expression, with the significant osthole efficiency at a concentration of 450 ng/μL for IL1R1 and COX-2 (p < 0.01) and 300 ng/μL for NF-κB (p < 0.001). Osthole increased Caco-2 monolayer permeability, thus if it would ever be considered as a potential drug for minimizing intestinal inflammatory symptoms, its safety should be confirmed in extended in vitro and in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Pharmacological comparison of four biopolymeric natural gums as hemostatic agents for management of bleeding wounds: preliminary in vitro and in vivo results

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kushwah ◽  
Nidhi Sandal ◽  
Meenakshi Chauhan ◽  
Gaurav Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gum Tragacanth ◽  
Civilian Trauma ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Abstract Background Uncontrolled bleeding is one of the primary reasons for preventable death in both civilian trauma and military battle field. This study evaluates in vitro and in vivo hemostatic potential of four biopolymeric natural gums, namely, gum tragacanth, guar gum, xanthan gum, and gum acacia. In vitro evaluation of whole blood clotting time and erythrocyte agglutination assay were carried out. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with respect to each gum were done in human lymphocytes to ascertain percent cell viability. In vivo hemostatic potential of each gum (as sponge dressing and powder form) was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats using tail bleeding assay and compared with commercially available hemostatic sponge. Other important parameters like (a) time taken for complete hemostasis, (b) amount of blood absorbed, (c) adherence strength of developed hemostatic dressing(s), (d) incidence of re-bleeding, and (e) survival of animals were also studied. Results Of the four test gums studied, xanthan gum (@3mg/ml of blood) and gum tragacanth (@35mg/ml of blood) were able to clot blood in least time (58.75±6.408 s and 59.00±2.082 s, respectively) and exhibited very good hemostatic potential in vitro. Except for xanthan gum, all other test gums did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity at different time points till 24 h. In rat tail bleeding experiments, gum tragacanth sponge dressing and powder achieved hemostasis in least time (156.2±12.86 s and 76±12.55 s, respectively) and much earlier than commercially available product (333.3±38.84 s; p˂0.01). Conclusion Results indicate potential of gum tragacanth to be developed into a suitable hemostatic product.

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